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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Vegetative stem to +/-20cm tall, erect, simple, pubescent, from short caudex. Flowering stems typically naked, spreading horizontally underground from vegetative stem then ascending to +/-1m tall, pubescent, typically simple.
Leaves - Typically clustered at the apex of the vegetative stem, alternate (appearing whorled), trifoliolate, petiolate. Petiole thickened at base for 3-4mm, angled, glabrous to pubescent, +/-9cm long. Lateral leaflets with petiolule to 2mm long. Petiolule pubescent to pilose. Blade oblique at base, to 7cm long, +3.5cm broad, ovate, entire, acute to obtuse at apex, scabrous. Central leaflet on petiolule to -2cm long. Petiolule pubescent. Blade elliptic to rhombic-ovate, +/-9cm long, +/-5cm broad, pubescent, scabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme elongating in fruit to +30cm. Pedicels to 1.7cm in flower, elongating in fruit, sparse pubescent. Flowers - Corolla pink, papilionaceous. Standard to 1.2cm long, 8mm broad, with purplish spots near base. Wing and keel petals pink (keels lighter), to 9mm long. Wing petals slightly spreading. Stamens monodelphous, glabrous, +/-7mm long. Ovary green, tuberculate, 5mm long. Style white, 2-3mm long. Calyx tube to 1mm long, campanulate, with red spotting at base, sparse pubescent, shallowly 5-lobed. Lobes unequal, spreading in fruit, lowermost acute. Loments with 2-4 segments, puberulent, upper margin almost straight across.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Open rocky woods, typically in acidic soils. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - As I have mentioned before, the species in this genus can be difficult to distinguish from one another. That is not the case with this plant. The peculiar growth pattern of the plant makes it simple ti ID in the field. Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant. Variety nudiflorum has no leaves present on the flowering stems. Variety foliolatum (Farwell) Fassett has leaves on the flowering stem. Both varities are common throughout most of Missouri except in the northwest 1/4 of the state, where the species is apparently absent.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect to reclining, glabrous, glaucous, green with some purplish-red at nodes, single from base and branching in inflorescence.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate. Petiole to 5.5cm long, glabrous, slightly thickened at base for 5mm or so. Lateral leaflets ovate to oblong, acute to obtuse, entire, glabrous and shiny green above, glaucous and glabrous below or with very few hairs on midrib, to +/-8cm long, +/-3.5cm broad. Petiolules to 5mm long. Stipules at base of petiolules to 2-3mm long, linear-attenuate. Terminal leaflet similar to lateral leaflets but typically larger and on a petiolule to 2.5cm long. Petiolule glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes or loose panicles to +40cm long. Axis pubescent. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, pubescent. Flowers 2-3 at each node. Flowers - Corolla rose-pink, papilionaceous. Standard to 1.2cm long, 8mm broad, with two whitish spots near base. Stamens diadelphous, filaments white. Style green, 3mm long, glabrous. Ovary 5mm long, pubescent, reddish-green. Calyx bilabiate, reddish-purple. Calyx tube to 1.1mm long. Upper lip single lobed, to 2mm long, reflexed in flower. Lower lip 3 lobed. Lobes attenuate, to 3mm long, pubescent. Loments short pubescent, with 4-6 segments.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Rocky open woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - There are about 18 different species of Desmodium in Missouri, most are very difficult to tell apart. This species is a bit easier to tell because it has the shiny green leaves which are glabrous and glaucous below. Also, the flowers of this species are fairly large and showy for the genus. D. laevigatum can be found in the southern 1/3 of the state and prefers to grow in acidic soils on chert, sandstone, or granite.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To 1m tall, herbaceous, pubescent (sometimes sparse), often glaucous, erect, simple, from a tap root.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, mostly grouped near middle of stem below inflorescence and giving a whorled appearance. Stipules 9-12mm long, -2mm broad, lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Petioles to +/-20cm long, pubescent, with an adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets on petiolules to 5mm long. Petiolule thick, pubescent. Leaflets oblique at base, ovate, acuminate, to +12cm long, +6cm broad. Terminal leaflet largest, to 15cm long, +9cm broad, ovate, apex acuminate. Petiolule of terminal leaflet to +5cm long. All leaflets pubescent (sometimes sparsely) above and below, entire, with ciliolate margins, often somewhat scabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles to +40cm long. Axis tomentose. Pedicels to 6mm long in flower, glandular pubescent, often reddish. Flowers - Papilionaceous. Standard pink, 7mm broad and long, emarginate at apex, glabrous. Keel and wing petals glabrous, pinkish, +6mm long. Stamens monodelphous, 5mm long. Anthers yellow. Style glabrous, white, curved, 2mm long. Ovary 4-5mm long, green, cylindric. Calyx bilabiate, sparse pubescent. Calyx tube to 1mm long. Upper lip shallow, 1-lobed. Lobe to 1.5mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes small, acute. Central lobe larger than laterals, acute, 1mm long. Fruit segments typically 3-4, rounded on ventral margin, straight to slightly curved on dorsal surface to +1cm long, +6mm wide, pubescent.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Thickets, streambanks, low woods, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one of the easier species of Desmodium to identify because of the leaf arrangement. No other species in this genus has the leaves so obviously bunched in the middle of the stem. The fruits are just as "sticky" as the other species and will cling to any fabric. This species typically grows in shaded, moist locations.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, pubescent, with vertical striations.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate. Leaflets 3.5-14cm long, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse or short pointed at tip, appressed pubescent above, pilose below. Stipules to 1cm long, pubescent, lanceolate, striate. Inflorescence - Terminal racemes or panicles to +40cm long.
Flowers - Papilionaceous, pink to rose, +/-1cm long. Standard with two yellow spots at base. Stamens diadelphous. Calyx bilabiate, short-tubular. Loments rounded to slightly angled on the ventral margin, rounded on dorsal margin, typically 4-6-jointed, pubescent, to 7mm long, 5mm wide.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Prairies, thickets, wet meadows, lake margins, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This tall, weedy species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. It can be identified by its large size, large flowers, pubescent stems and leaves, and lanceolate leaflets. Many plants from this genus are similar, D. canadense is typically more robust than any other species in Missouri. It has dense, large racemes and panicles also.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To 1m long, trailing, glabrous to sparse pubescent, herbaceous, hollow, carinate, branching, from taproot, multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate, to +10cm long, with +/-20 leaflets. Stipules subulate, to 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, acute, glabrous. Leaflets opposite, oblong, typically mucronate, entire, glabrous, to +/-2cm long, -1cm broad, with single prominent midvein below. Petiolule to 1.2mm long. Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate capitate umbels of 5-20 flowers. Peduncles to +7cm long, glabrous or very sparse pubescent. Pedicels 3-4mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, to +1cm long. Standard 9mm long, 7-8mm broad, pink, glabrous. Wings whitish, connivent and enclosing the keels, inflated, to 1cm long, glabrous. Stamens 10, diadelphous, included. Anthers yellow. Style 1.5mm long, glabrous, upcurved, whitish-green, stigma capitate. Calyx campanulate, bilabiate, slightly compressed. Tube to -2mm long, glabrous. Upper lip single-lobed, to 1mm long, notched at apex, acute, ciliate margined. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes acute to acuminate, 1mm long. Loments with +/-10 segments, to 5cm long, beaked, 4-angled(weakly), glabrous. Beak to 5mm long.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa. Other info. - This is one of the most common species found in the state due to the fact that it was and is planted widely as ground cover to protect against erosion. The plant is fast growing, easily spread, and forms large mats. The seeds are somewhat toxic. "Coronilla" means "Little crown" in Latin and "varia" refers to the multi-colored flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Capparaceae Stems - To 1m tall, from stout taproot, typically simple, herbaceous, densely viscid-pubescent and with some appressed arachnoid pubescence above, with a small prickle at the base of each leaf petiole.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, palmately compound. Petiole to +/-15cm long, with distinct adaxial groove, with prickles, glandular and arachnoid pubescent. Leaflets 5-7, oblanceolate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, tapered at base, to 15cm long, +/-4cm broad, entire, with prickles on midrib below, glandular pubescent above, sparse arachnoid pubescent below, with petiolules to 4mm long. Margins retrorse serrulate. Inflorescence - Dense compact terminal raceme elongating in fruit to +40cm long(tall). Pedicels to 5cm long in flower, densely glandular pubescent, elongating in fruit. Bracts in inflorescence foliaceous, cordate, ovate, with spines at base.
Flowers - Petals 4, pink to rose, clawed, to 3cm long. Claw to +/-7mm long. Limb elliptic, to 2cm long, 1cm broad, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect to spreading. Filaments to +/-1cm long, glabrous, rose-pink. Anthers +1cm long, yellow-orange. Ovary on stalk(gynophore) to 3mm long. Stalk elongating in fruit to +6cm long, glabrous. Ovary green, 4mm long, glabrous. Sepals 4, attenuate, 2mm broad at base, to 7mm long, glandular pubescent, reflexed but with tips ascending. Fruit to +6cm long, glabrous, 2-valved, with stigma persistent and capitate. Seeds numerous. Placentation parietal.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped. Origin - Native to South America. Other info. - This plant is dubbed "Spider flower" because of the long stamens and clawed petals. It is a fast growing species that is widely cultivated here in Missouri. The plant produces many fruits and seeds and can be grown from seed. The flower color is typically pink or rose but red and white are not uncommon. Be careful when handling this plant as it is somewhat spiny. Synonyms are C. hassleriana Chod. and Cleome houtteana Schlecht.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 2m tall, branching, herbaceous, erect, spiny-winged, pubescent, striate.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnately lobed to pinnatifid, sessile or with winged petioles, glabrous to scabrous above, with spines from veins, pubescent below . Leaf bases decurrent on stem. Leaf lobes ending in strong spine. Larger leaves to +35cm long, reduced gradually towards apex of stem. Inflorescence - Typically single or double flower heads terminating stems. Involucre - To +3cm tall, 4cm wide, vase-shaped. Phyllaries imbricate, with a spine tip, arachnoid pubescent.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla pink to rose, tubular, to 3.5cm long. Style 1, exserted beyond corolla. Achenes to 6mm long, 2mm wide. Pappus of plumose bristles.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Pastures, prairies, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - Many people, including myself, beat up on Carduus nutans as being a horrible exotic pest but Cirsium vulgare cannot be far behind. This is a very common plant. Its spiny leaves and stems are annoying at best. It is a pretty plant but doesn't make a good specimen for cultivation because of its prickles and weedy habit. The fruits (seeds) are carried great distances by the wind with the aid of their plumose bristles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Erect, to +1.2m tall, branching above, hollow, herbaceous, tomentose to hirsute below, arachnoid pubescent above, carinate, from weak roots.
Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves petiolate. Petioles to +15cm long. Blade to +20cm long, +3cm broad. Cauline leaves sessile, linear-oblong, weakly lobed, with spines on margins only, greatly reduced above, to 15cm long(below), +/-1.5cm broad
Inflorescence - Loose paniculate or cymose arrangement of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles arachnoid pubescent, long, naked. Each peduncle typically subtended by a small foliaceous bract. Bracts arachnoid pubescent and prickle-margined. Involucre - To 2cm tall(long), +/-1.5 in diameter, viscous. Phyllaries imbricate, tightly appressed, with a conspicuous whitish gland on midrib, sparse arachnoid pubescent to very sparse pilose, each tipped by a long thin bristle (to +3.5mm long). Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla rose-pink to pinkish-purple for most of length, whitish near base, to +/-2cm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes 3.5mm long, linear. Stamens 5. Anthers pinkish-purple, connate around style, typically exserted. Style rose-pink, well exserted, glabrous, 2.6cm long. Achenes (in flower) glabrous, white, 2mm long, angled. Pappus of white plumose bristles to 1.6cm long.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Rocky open woods, bluffs, ravines, valleys, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is an easy plant to ID in the field. The sticky phyllaries with their large whitish glands and long bristle tips are a dead give-away for the species, as well as the long, naked peduncles. This species is only found in the southeast corner of Missouri. It would make a good garden subject as it requires no care and has practically no spines compared to other members of the genus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1m tall, from horizontal rhizomes (deep), glabrous or very sparse pubescent at base, striate, herbaceous, erect, branching near apex, hollow.
Leaves - Alternate, to -15cm long, 6-7cm broad, sessile, pinnately lobed, with spines on margins, sparse arachnoid pubescent (mostly on lobes below). Upper leaves less lobed to serrate.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flower heads in loose corymbiform arrangement. Branches of inflorescence (peduncles) arachnoid pubescent. Involucre - To 1.5cm tall (long), 8-9mm in diameter, suburceolate. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, with dark purple tips. Tips acute, to 1mm long, slightly spreading. Innermost phyllaries to 1.1cm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous, with scarious margins. Outer phyllaries with sparse to moderate arachnoid pubescence.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla pink, 5-lobed. Lobes 2.5-3mm long, linear, thickened at apex with small protuberance. Corolla tube 1.1cm long, lilac-whitish. Achenes to 2mm long, glabrous, white(in flower) terete to weakly 4-angled. Pappus of dense plumose bristles to 1cm long. Receptacle flat. Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Fields, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is a nasty little plant. It is not too common in Missouri yet but most certainly will be soon. It is very common in states to the north and east. The plant is considered a noxious weed and should not be spread. It is quite aggressive and because of its deep rhizomes is very hard to eradicate. C. arvense is dioecious and the flower heads are quite variable depending on if they are staminate or pistillate. The species can also vary on pubescence, flower color, and leaf shape. A white-flowered form, form albiflorum (Rand & Redf.), has not yet been reported from Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +3m tall, branching, herbaceous, erect, striate, pubescent.
Leaves - Alternate, typically glabrous above, densely pubescent to lanate below, mostly entire with spined margins, sometimes lobed, to +30cm long, +10cm wide, sessile or short-petiolate, typically lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, reduced towards apex.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating stems. Involucre - To 3.5cm tall, +3cm wide, subglobose to vase-shaped. Phyllaries imbricate, appressed, spine (bristle) tipped, typically with a lighter midrib. Ray flowers - Absent. Disc flowers - Corolla pink to rose, to +30mm long, tubular, 5-lobed. Style well exserted. Achenes to 6mm long, 2mm wide. Pappus of numerous plumose bristles.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Dry woodlands, slopes, thickets, disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is the tallest of the plants in this genus in Missouri (altissimum means "the tallest"). It is very common throughout the state except for the extreme southeastern corner. It is a common roadside plant in the Ozarks. Steyermark lists a couple of forms for the species. The plant pictured above is form altissimum. This plant has the typical rose-pink corolla. Form moorei has a white corolla and is listed in the "White flowers alternate" section of this website. The latter is much less common.
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