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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To +/-60cm tall, simple, erect, herbaceous, purple above, scabrous (hispidulous), weakly 4-angled to terete.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, lanceolate, with few coarse serrate teeth, scabrous, acute, to 6cm long, +/-1.5cm broad, with 3 conspicuous main veins arising from base of blade, decussate.
Inflorescence - Terminal spike to -15cm long. Flowers decussate to alternate on axis. Each flower subtended by 3 scalelike bracts. Central bract lance-ovate, to 5mm long. Lateral bracts (bractlets) linear, 3mm long. All bracts scabrous. Flowers - Corolla 5-lobed, purple, zygomorphic, salverform. Corolla tube to 1.4cm long, pubescent, white below (in calyx), purple above, bearded internally and at apex of throat with multicellular hairs. Largest corolla lobes to 9mm long, 3-4mm broad, often notched at apex. All lobes pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, adnate at lower 1/4 of corolla tube, subequal, included. Filaments greenish, 1.1m long, glabrous. Anthers purple, 2mm long. Style green, glabrous, included, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, cylindric, green, glabrous, 3mm long. Placentation free central, ovules many. Calyx tube to 6mm long in flower, antrorse strigos
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Prairies and limestone glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in the lower 1/2 of Missouri and is relatively infrequent. It can be found in dry to wet areas of the habitats mentioned above. The flowers are quite showy and the plant is worthy of cultivation. It grows fine from seed. In the leaf scan above the leaves appear quite dark. This is due to the fact that the leaves of this species quickly turn black when bruised or picked.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To -1m tall, simple, multiple or single from base, from thin rhizomes, with fibrous roots, 4-angled, pubescent to hirsute, hollow, fragrant.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate, fragrant. Petioles to 1cm long, hirsute to villous. Blades to 10cm long, +5cm broad, lanceolate, acute to blunt, ciliate margined, shallow serrate to crenate serrate, pubescent above, hirsute on veins below. Inflorescence - Terminal dense cluster of multiple verticillasters. Lower verticillasters subtended by ovate foliaceous bracts. Bracts only slightly exceeding the flowers, with ciliate margins, sessile. Pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, white to lavender with purple spotting internally. Tube to 1cm long, pubescent near apex. Upper lip single lobed. Lobe to 3mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed, to 4mm broad and long. Central lobe +/-1.5mm longer than lateral lobes, linear. All lobes pubescent to hirsute externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 2, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 4.5mm long, glabrous, lilac to purplish. Anthers pinkish, to .9mm broad. Style 1.2cm long, glabrous, lilac to whitish. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets brownish to black, glabrous, 1mm long. Calyx bilabiate, 13 nerved. Tube to 6mm long, whitish-green at base, hirsute at apex. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes linear, 2.1mm long, with long paired cilia at apex, green. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes linear, 2mm long, with paired cilia at apex, green.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Open woods, glades, bluffs, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species and the closely related B. hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. (found in the "White Flowers Opposite" section of this website) make desirable garden plants. Both are pleasantly fragrant, striking when in flower, and good for attracting flying insects. B. ciliata typically has more bluish flowers than the plant pictured above. The genus name of the plant means "eye lashes" and is so named because of the long cilia on the bracts subtending the flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Stems - Vegetative stems repent, herbaceous, typically glabrous, to +/-30cm. Flowering stems erect, 4-angled, densely pilose above, less so below, herbaceous, to+15cm tall, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Leaves of vegetative stems petiolate, opposite, from 1.5-6cm long(depending on variety), 1-3.5cm broad, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Petioles winged or not. Leaves of flowering stems opposite, sessile to +2.5cm long, 1.5cm broad, toothed, entire, or irregularly crenate, oblong to obovate, pubescent above and below, typically decussate in inflorescence. Inflorescence - Axillary clusters of typically 4 flowers. Flowers sessile or on stalks to +/-1mm.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, bilabiate, tubular, sparsely lanate externally. Tube to +/-7mm long, -2mm in diameter. Lower lip enlarged, 3-lobed. Central lobe to +/-4mm long and broad. Lateral lobes to +/-2mm long and broad. Upper lip much reduced, 2-lobed. Lobes acute, to 1.5mm long. Stamens 4, subequal, adnate near apex of corolla tube, slightly exserted from upper lip. Filaments lilac, 2-3mm long, glabrous. Style 1, exserted from between and beyond stamens, to 9mm long, whitish below, purplish near apex, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4 parted, with sparse pubescence on apex of each nutlet. Calyx bilabiate, pilose, accrescent. Tube to 1mm long. Upper lip three lobed. Lobes 2mm long, acuminate. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes 2mm long, acuminate, converging.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This plant is frequently cultivated in Missouri but not escaped, yet. It spreads by repent stems and reseeds itself. The leaves and stems can be from green to deep purple in color, and quite variable in size, depending on the cultivar. Photographs taken in Brown Summit, NC., 4-12-03.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - To 5m tall, glabrous, glaucous, suffrutescent (with age) or entirely herbaceous, branching, reddish, greenish, or purplish. Leaves - Alternate, peltate, long petiolate, palmately 5 to 7 lobed, toothed, glabrous, to +30cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary racemes or loose panicles to +50cm tall, on thick peduncle. Staminate Flowers - At base or lower portion of inflorescence, apetalous, pedicillate. Calyx typically 5-parted, reflexed. Stamens many, the filaments branching. Anthers yellow. Pistillate Flowers - Capsules red, green or purple, covered with dense spines, +1.5cm in diameter, 3-seeded. Seeds mottled with copper, black, and bronze colors. Styles 3, red.
Flowering - August - November. Habitat - Mostly cultivated. Also escaped to roadsides, railroads, waste ground, disturbed sites. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This plant is the source of castor beans (used in ornamentation) and castor oil(pressed from the seeds). The plant is also more toxic than any other plant to humans. The seed cake which is left over after pressing contains a protein toxin known as Ricin which replaces a vital enzyme in cellular metabolism causing the shutdown of protein synthesis in the body. No protein - no life. The toxin contains an alpha section, which causes the cell shutdown, and a beta section which carries the molecule across the cell membrane. Ricin has been used for assassinations, and has been experimented with for biological warfare. The LD 50 of Ricin is around 1/1000000 of the animals weight. It is VERY toxic. Pests which feed on the plant are usually killed. The entire plant is toxic, but the seeds more than any other part.
The plant is, however, very striking in cultivation and many horticultural varieties exist. The typical species is mostly a green plant but I have found that the red form is very common in Missouri so I placed the plant in the red flowers section of this site. The name Ricinus communis means "common tick" because the seeds resemble ticks. Red variety photos taken at Powell Gardens, 9-2-99. Typical species photos taken off Cypress Gardens Blvd., Winter Haven, FL., 3-26-00.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - Thin, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, erect to reclining, to +40cm tall, reddish with age. Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate, lanceolate to rhombic, to 8cm long, 2cm wide, mostly glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Ocrea fringed with long cilia. Cilia equaling or longer than ocrea.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal racemes, sometimes branching into a loose panicle. The clusters 2-3cm long (tall), -1cm wide (thick), dense. Bracts subtending flowers with ciliate margins, the cilia equaling or typically longer than the flowers. Flowers - Perianth parts 5, reddish to pinkish-rose or with some white, 2-3mm long, smooth to rugose. Stamens and styles included within perianth. Achenes 3-sided, to 2.5mm long, black.

Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Moist ground, disturbed sites, waste ground, ditches, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. and Asia. Other info. - Most of the smaller plants of this genus look very similar. Species can usually be identified by the cilia (or lack of) on the ocrea and the bracts subtending the flowers. Stem pubescence and leaf shape are other determining factors. This species is a bit easier to tell because of its red clusters of small flowers, which have the long cilia. Many plants of this genus are mildly toxic and cause a smarting sensation (= burning) when chewed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Papaveraceae Stems - From a big taproot, with white to yellow milky sap, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, branching, terete, typically green with some purple at the base, to +/-50cm tall, hispid (the hairs with pustulate bases), scabrous.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, pinnately divided. Petioles of the lower leaves to +5cm long, with a deep "U"-shaped adaxial groove (the groove formed by decurrent leaf tissue). Upper leaves sessile. All leaves with the divisions serrate, acute, hispid on both surfaces, to +1cm broad, serrate. Serrations of the leaves with spine tips to 2mm long. The terminal division larger than the lateral divisions. Rachis of the leaves scabrous and hispid.
Inflorescence - Single long-pedunculate flowers from the upper leaf axils. Peduncles to +30cm long, terete, hispid, scabrous, erect. Flowers - Petals 4-6, scarlet with a white to typically black splotch at the base, glabrous, reniform to broadly obovate, to 5cm long, 8cm broad. Stamens many, from below and exceeding the pistil, ascending. Filaments thin, black (purple at the base), glabrous, to 1.7cm long. Anthers yellow-brown, +/-2mm long, +1mm broad. Ovary green, glaucous, obconic, glabrous, about 1cm long, +/-7mm in diameter in flower, quickly expanding in fruit. Stigma capitate, brownish-red, as many as the carpels and variable, radiating from the center as the spokes in a wheel. Sepals 2, caducous, 3cm long, elliptic, densely papillose-hispid (the hairs reddish and antrorse), glabrous internally, with a nipple-like apex.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to fields, roadsides, and waste ground. Also planted along roadsides. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This attractive species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is fairly uncommon in the wild. There are a few different red-flowered species of poppy which are cultivated and the differences between them are usually fairly minute. P. rhoeas is the most common of these species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Campanulaceae Stems - To 1.2m tall, simple to branching above, glabrous to puberulent or retrorse strigose, carinate above, angled, purplish-green, herbaceous, with milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile above, petiolate below, reduced upward and at base. Petioles to +1cm long. Blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, typically glabrous to sparse hirsute or strigose, serrulate to denticulate, to 20cm long, 5cm wide, acute to acuminate. Margins often sinuous.
Inflorescence - A terminal raceme to 70cm long(tall). Each flower subtended by single foliaceous bract (reduced leaf). Pedicels to 5mm, puberulent to strigose. Flowers - Corolla deep red (scarlet, crimson, vermilion), to +4cm long, resupinate, tubular, 5-lobed, fenestrate, glabrous to puberulent externally and internally. Stamens 5. Filaments red, united into a tube to +3cm long and surrounding style. Stigma 2-lobed. Calyx campanulate, small at anthesis but quickly enlarging to 1.5cm long, 5-lobed, 10-ribbed, greenish-purple, puberulent to strigose. Lobes up to 2.5cm long, +/-2mm broad, linear-attenuate.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Wet ground, lake margins, streambanks, ditches. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one of the most striking species of the genus Lobelia. The deep red flowers are easily noticed near bodies of water and in wet areas. Steyermark lists three forms of the plant based on flower color. Form cardinalis (shown above) has deep red flowers and is the most common. Form alba has white flowers. Lastly, form rosea has rose or pinkish flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Convolvulaceae Stems - Vining, twining, twisting, herbaceous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent at the nodes, to 3m long, angled. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with an adaxial groove. Blades cordate, ovate, acute to acuminate, entire to coarsely toothed, to 10cm long, 6cm broad, typically glabrous but with papillose hairs near the base by the petiole.
Inflorescence - Axillary, cymose clusters of +/- 8 flowers on long peduncle. Peduncle to +/-9cm long, glabrous, angled, twisted. Pedicels to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous. A pair of bracts of opposing bracts subtending each division of inflorescence. Bracts to 3mm long, 1mm broad, acuminate, glabrous, reduced upwards.
Flowers - Corolla salverform, to -3cm long, red and orange red. Expanded limb to 2cm broad, red on the margins, orange internally, glabrous. Tube orange, glabrous internally and externally. Stamens 5, exserted, adnate about 6mm above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments whitish-orange, glabrous but with retrorse papillose glands near the base. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long. Style 1, exserted beyond stamens, white, glabrous. Ovary superior, yellowish, glabrous, 4-locular, 4-seeded, 1.3mm long, 1mm in diameter. Placentation axile. Ovary subtended by whitish nectary. Stigma globose, tuberculate-papillose, white, 1.3mm in diameter. Sepals 5, distinct, aristate. Base of sepals unequal, expanded, 3-4mm long, +2mm broad. Arista to 4mm long, slightly bulbous at base. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Low, moist ground, stream banks, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, railroads, roadsides. Origin - Native to tropical America. Other info. - This vine produces small yet striking flowers which are like a beacon to butterflies. The plant can be aggressive if given the right conditions. It is a fairly common species in the habitats mentioned above and is found mostly in the southern half of Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Balsaminaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, branching above, erect, herbaceous, easily broken, succulent, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, hollow when larger. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-5cm long, glabrous. Blade ovate to elliptic, shallow serrate, to 10cm long, +/-5cm broad, somewhat glaucous. Teeth of blade with whitish mucro at apex.
Inflorescence - Clusters of 1-3 pedicillate flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels to 3cm long, sometimes with one or two small scale-like bracts. Flowers - Petals 5, appearing as only 3 petals because of the union of the lateral petals, orange-yellow. Sepals 3, orange-yellow. Larger sepal with spur to +1mm long. Stamens 5, connate around stigma. Pistil 1. Ovary 5-locular. Capsules exploding(elastically dehiscent) when touched, to 3cm long, 1cm wide.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, slopes, stream banks, ravines. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Everyone loves to play with the elastically dehiscent seed pods of this plant and it's relative I. pallida Nutt. The pods give a little "pop" when touched, and the seeds fly a pretty good distance. The stems of the plant are easily broken and contain a highly mucilaginous fluid which is supposed to remedy skin irritations caused by other plants. How convenient that this species shares the same habitat as the "Stinging Nettles" (Urtica and Laportea).
In case you're wondering, this is the same genus as the common cultivated Impatiens seen at nearly every garden shop. Few people notice that the flowers of those plants are also spurred like I. capensis.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - Aerial stems to 1.5m tall, simple, green, glabrous, herbaceous, erect, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, basal, to 1m long, 3cm wide, glabrous, entire, linear. Leaves of the upper stem reduced to small bracts. Inflorescence - Terminal, paired panicles.
Flowers - Perianth red-orange with yellowish base and light midrib, recurved, to +12cm long and broad, joined at base into short tube. Petals 3. Sepals 3, slightly smaller than petals. Stamens 6. Style 1.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Mostly cultivated. Also found along roadsides. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This is the species from which hundreds to thousands of cultivars have been grown. Luckily the cultivated plants are sterile but they do spread by means of underground stolons and form large colonies. This plant is extremely common on roadsides and in cultivation. The flowers and roots are edible. Don't eat the mature leaves and stems, you'll be sorry. "Fulva" means "orange-yellow" in Latin.
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