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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To 50cm tall, herbaceous, erect, from a taproot, single from the base, branching above middle, pubescent with retrorse viscid hairs.
Leaves - Opposite, descussate, entire, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 3-nerved, to +2.5cm long, +1cm broad, pubescent to (less commonly) glabrous, sessile or very short-petiolate, cuneate at the base, acute at the apex.
Inflorescence - One or two pedunculate flowers in leaf axils. Peduncles short, 2-4mm long. Flowers - Corolla purple, to 5mm long, tubular, bilabiate. Upper lobes 4, spreading, shorter than corolla tube. Lower lobe slightly longer than upper lobes. Stamens 4, exserted beyond the corolla. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted. Calyx with a pair of stipule-like bracts at base. Calyx lobes acute to attenuate, one nerved, 4mm long, entire, pubescent, viscid.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Along streams on gravel bars, glades, rocky banks, outcroppings. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is common along the many streams and creeks of the state. It is easy to identify because of its three-nerved leaves and small purple flowers. Another variety, variety linearis Fassett., has linear leaves. This latter variety is not found in Missouri. A synonym is Trichostema brachiatum L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rubiaceae Stems - To +6cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a weak taproot, 4-angled, often two per plant, winged. Wings often reddish, with minute dentations (at least near the base). Leaves - Opposite. Lowest leaves petiolate. Petioles to 5-6mm long, glabrous. Blades ovate to lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous, with translucent teeth on the margins (use a lens to see), to +7mm long, +4mm broad. Upper leaves nearly sessile, thinner than those near the base of the plant, connected at the base by a scarious stipule. Stipule with a triangular point.
Inflorescence - Single flowers terminating long axillary peduncles. Peduncles to +2cm long, 4-angled, minutely winged. Wings as those of the stem. Flowers - Corolla purple, with red near the center, 4-lobed, salverform, 1-1.5cm broad, glabrous. Lobes 6-7mm long, 3-4mm broad, oblong, acute. Corolla tube to 5-6mm long, yellowish-green. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, included, adnate to the corolla tube in the basal 1/3. Filaments essentially absent. Anthers yellow, ovoid, 1mm long. Style green, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Stigma thicker than style and giving the pair a clavate appearance. Ovary inferior, surrounded by the calyx tube. Calyx tube green, glabrous, 1-2mm long. Calyx lobes 4, erect, glabrous, acuminate, 2.5-3mm long.
Flowering - March - April. Habitat - Glades, rocky ledges, outcroppings, dry open places. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found in the southeastern 1/4 of Missouri. The plant is quite striking for its small size and would be a worthy candidate for cultivation in a rock garden.
This species and another, H. minima Beck, have been lumped together taxonomically and are now known as Hedyotis crassifolia Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rubiaceae Stems - From small taproot, +/-4cm tall, erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, scabrous, strigillose on angles, hollow, multiple from base, dichotomously branching.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate, opposite. Petioles to +/-5mm long, glabrous. Blades broadly ovate, entire, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 3.5-4mm broad, rounded to subacute at apex. Cauline leaves reduced, opposite, becoming sessile, connected at base by scarious acuminate stipules(to 2mm long), acute, with some purplish tinge, slightly scabrous.
Inflorescence - Singe terminal flowers. Peduncles to 1.3cm long, 4-angled, erect, scabrous as stems. Flowers - Corolla salverform. Corolla tube 3mm long, glabrous. Corolla lobes 4, white to lilac or deep purple, broadly ovate, acute, to 4mm long, 2.5-3mm broad, entire, typically with a darker base. Stamens 4, included, adnate at middle of corolla tube. Filaments short, green, glabrous, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, .6mm long. Style -1mm long, green, glabrous. Stigma .7mm long, pubescent, ellipsoid. Ovary 2 locular, inferior. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Calyx tube +/-1mm long, glabrous. Lobes 4, linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, green with purple at margins, glabrous or strigillose, strigillose on margins.
Flowering - January - April. Habitat - Prairies, glades, flood plains, ledges, bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This minute plant packs quite a punch of color for its size. My pictures don't really do the plant justice as the flowers are typically much more blue in color. The plant is quite prolific and can be found in large colonies, especially in the glade habitat. A rock garden could be enhanced greatly by the addition of this species. This species and another, H. pusilla Schoepf, have been lumped together taxonomically and are now known as Hedyotis crassifolia Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To 20cm tall, simple, from fibrous roots, herbaceous, 4-angled, tomentose to hirsute, multiple from base, fragrant (slightly).
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear to linear-oblong, to 2cm long, 3mm broad, entire, punctate, stigillose and ciliate-margined, sessile, fragrant (slightly). Inflorescence - Vertcillasters of 8 flowers(4 at each leaf base). Pedicels to +2mm long, hirsute. Flowers subtended by 2-6 linear bracts. Bracts 6-7mm long, pubescent, ciliate-margined.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, purplish-blue, pubescent, to 5mm long. Stamens 2, adnate 1/2 way up corolla tube. Filaments purple. Anthers yellow, .2mm broad. Style purple, 2.3mm long, slightly exserted from upper lip or included. Ovary 4 parted, (4 nutlets). Nutlets (in flower) glabrous, purplish, .1mm long. Calyx bilabiate, hirsute to hispid. Calyx tube to 3mm long, 12 to 13-nerved, swollen below near base, floccose internally by lobes, otherwise glabrous internally. Upper lip 3 lobed. Lobes attenuate, 1.1mm long, ciliate-margined. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes linear-attenuate, 2.2mm long, ciliate-margined. Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Prairies, glades, sandy open ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Although this plant is common throughout the entire state of Missouri, it is frequently overlooked because of its small size. The flowers are striking but minute and often missed. The species is easy to ID in the field because of its small size and densely hairy stems and calices. The leaves of the stem are really nothing more than foliaceous bracts as the plant begins to flower very early in its life cycle. The lowest flowers of the plant are cleistogamous and have minute to absent corollas.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - Repent, herbaceous. Flowering portions erect, to +30cm tall, glabrous or often strigose on angles.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles densely retrorse pubescent, reduced upward. Blades reniform to orbicular, to +3cm long (and wide), typically glabrous but also sparsely pubescent. Margins crenate.
Inflorescence - Axillary clusters of 2 or more flowers, secund. Pedicels to 1.5mm long. Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, bilabiate, to +2cm long. Corolla tube bearded internally at apex, with purple spotting internally. Upper lip single-lobed, with notch at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes small, 2mm long. Central lobe 3-4mm long, 4mm broad, with dark purple spotting. Stamens 4, included. Style to 7mm long, white, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed, purple. Calyx tubular, 6-7mm long, with 12-15 nerves(ridges), 5-lobed. Lobes acute to acuminate.
Flowering - March - July. Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, slopes, roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, waste ground. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little plant is one of the first to bloom in the spring and is quite striking. It prefers a somewhat shaded location and moist ground. The plant was cultivated at first but is now escaped and quite common. The flowers produce 4 nutlets each. Since it is introduced, it should not be propagated outside of cultivation. Steyermark lists two varieties in the state. Variety hederacea has corollas to +2cm long. Variety micrantha Moricand has corollas to 1.5cm long and is much more common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Geraniaceae Stems - To 60cm tall, erect,multiple from base, herbaceous, hirsute to retrorse pubescent, angled, from rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 30cm long(on basal leaves), shorter above, hirsute. Blades palmately 5-7-lobed, pubescent. Lobes with margins entire in basal half, coarse serrate and often lobed in upper half. Margins antrorse strigose.
nflorescence - Terminal corymb of 1-4 flowers. Pedicels erect, hirsute. Each division subtended by linear bracts to 7mm long. Flowers - Petals 5, free, obovate, cuneate, to 2cm long, 1.5cm broad, glabrous, rounded to emarginate or truncate at apex, lilac to rose-purple. Stamens 10, 5 with glandular bases. Filaments broad and ciliate-margined at base, to 6mm long, tuberculate above, white. Anthers 1.5mm broad, 3mm long, light brown. Carpels 5. Styles to 2mm long, connate. Stigma 5-lobed. Sepals 5, free, imbricate, elliptic-ovate, entire, glabrous externally, dense pubescent internally, aristate, to 1.3cm long (including arista), 4mm broad. Margins long ciliate. Fruit erect, with long style column, pubescent. Seeds to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich to rocky open woods, thickets, ravines. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common plant in Missouri and can be found throughout the entire state. The plant is becoming popular in cultivation also because of its striking purplish flowers. There is a white flowered form, form albiflorum (Raf.) House, which has not been found in Missouri. Our plants belong to form maculatum. The plant is super high in tannins and has been used medicinally to treat diarrhea, gum diseases, canker sores, and many other ailments.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Gentianaceae Stems - To 60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, branching, glabrous, winged (the wings to 1mm broad), terete, hollow, somewhat purplish at the base (in the sun), single from the base. Lateral branches ascending.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, decussate, glabrous, entire, ovate, mostly rounded at the apex, with evident parallel venation (especially abaxially), to 4cm long, +2cm broad. Leaves reduced to bracts in inflorescence. Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary umbellate cymes. Cymes bracteate. Pedicels erect, to +1cm long, glabrous, minutely winged (use a lens to see). Pair of foliaceous bracts subtending each division of cyme.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, 5-lobed, bluish-purple, glabrous internally and externally, to 2.3cm long. Lobes triangular, acute, 5-8mm long, typically closing the apex of the flower. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate about 1/3 up from the base of the corolla tube, included. Filaments white, glabrous, to 1cm long. Anthers to 2-3mm long, purplish-white. Ovary superior, stalked (the stalk to 5mm long in flower), glabrous, green, +1cm long, unilocular, many-seeded (ovuled). Placentation parietal. Stigmas 2, flattened, curled, purple. Style basically absent. Calyx tube campanulate, to 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed, glabrous internally and externally. Lobes linear-subulate, erect, with a prominent midrib, acute, entire, to -5mm long, +1mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - August - November. Habitat - Moist ground along rocky wooded banks, ledges, and thickets, also along streams and in moist woodland. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species is found mainly in the eastern Ozark section of Missouri but is also found in a few northeastern counties. The plant is easy to ID in flower but can be mistaken for other species in the family when observed vegetatively. Traditionally the roots of the plant were used to make a tincture or tea that would remedy weak appetite and stimulate digestion. These mixtures were also used for headaches, hepatitis, jaundice, and consumption.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, erect, simple, herbaceous, solid to subhollow, green with purple at nodes only.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 or 5, petiolate, Petioles to +/-2cm long, green. glabrous. Blades to 30cm long, +9cm broad, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at base, coarse serrate, acuminate, very sparse pubescent above, tomentoulose below. Teeth with strigillose margins and with prickle tip from vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue.
Inflorescence - Flowers in a terminal paniculate cyme to 30cm tall (long), +/-20 cm in diameter. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose to tomentose, green. Involucre - 8-9mm tall (long), 2-2.3mm in diameter, greenish white at base, lilac above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries tomentoulose externally. Innermost phyllaries 8mm long, 1mm broad, with scarious margins and few cilia at apex. Flowers 4-6 per head.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla tube 5-6mm long, 5-lobed, appressed pubescent, lilac. Lobes .9mm long, acute. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube. Anthers whitish-pink, 2mm long, connate around style. Style bifurcate. Stigmas 5-6mm long. Achenes blackish, angled, to 3.5mm long, glabrous. Pappus of capillary bristles to 6.5mm long. Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Moist ground, wooded slopes, wet meadows and thickets, streambanks. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be distinguished from the similar E. fistulosum Barratt by its green solid stems with purple nodes. E. fistulosum is much less common in the wild( in Missouri) and has completely purple stems which are hollow. Both species are popular in cultivation and often misnamed. The flowers of E. purpureum appear white at first but become more purplish with age. The species name of the plant, purpureum, means "becoming purple".
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +2m tall, erect, simple, herbaceous, hollow, solid purple to purplish-green with purple mottling, glabrous, typically glaucous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - In whorls of 4 to 5, petiolate. Petiole to +2cm long, glabrous. Blade to +25cm long, +8cm broad, elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, pubescent below. Teeth of margins with minute prickle tip caused by vascular tissue extending beyond leaf tissue. Inflorescence - Flower heads in terminal paniculate cyme to +30cm tall (long), +/-20cm broad. Branches of inflorescence tomentoulose, reddish-purple. Flower heads with 5-6 flowers. Involucre - 9mm long(tall), 2.5mm in diameter, greenish near base fading to pinkish-purple above. Phyllaries imbricate. Outermost phyllaries tomentoulose. Inner phyllaries mostly glabrous and with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Flowers +/-5 per head. Corolla tube to 3.1mm long, 5-lobed, pink to purplish, glabrous. Lobes acute, .9mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments pinkish, glabrous. Anthers pinkish-purple, 1.1mm long. Style bifurcate. Stigmas to 3.5mm long, well exserted. Achenes green in flower, 3mm long.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Moist ground, wet meadows, cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species occurs naturally in only a few counties in Missouri. It is, however, widely cultivated and can be found nearly throughout the state. The brilliant purple stems and large inflorescences make it a desirable plant. This species is often confused with E. purpureum L. but the latter has more greenish stems, which are typically solid, and lighter colored flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月26日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 50cm tall, pubescent, herbaceous, typically single, forming colonies with creeping rhizomes, green to red.
Leaves - Opposite, deltoid to ovate, serrate to crenate-serrate, petiolate, to 10cm long, 5cm broad.
Inflorescence - Typically terminal corymbiform cyme of flower heads, flat to slightly domed. Peduncles dense puberulent, with small subulate bracts to 1mm long. Involucre - To 5mm tall, campanulate to cylindric. Phyllaries attenuate, imbricate, to -3mm long, .7mm broad, reddish at apex. Flower heads with 30-70 flowers per head.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla purple to lilac, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included. Style well exserted and bifurcate, pink, glabrous. Achenes subterete to 5-angled, 1mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles. Receptacle conic. Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Moist ground, low woods, stream banks, ditches, base of bluffs. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri but it also occurs in a few counties north of the Missouri River. It is a striking species. The plant greatly resembles another commonly cultivated genus, Ageratum, but the latter is lacking a pappus, does not spread with creeping rhizomes, and is non-native.
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