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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Convolvulaceae Stems - Vining, twining, herbaceous, to many meters long, with a combination of long and short pubescence (the hairs mostly retrorse, the longest with pustulose bases), mostly terete.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +12cm long, pubescent as the stem, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades typically 3-lobed but simple also, pubescent above and below, to 15cm broad and long. Lobes typically acuminate and entire.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate clusters(cymes) of typically 3 flowers. Peduncles to 6cm long, pubescent as the stem, often purple at the base. Pedicels short, 3-5mm long, retrorse pubescent (the hairs short). Each division of the inflorescence subtended by opposite linear-attenuate bracts. Bracts to -3cm long, 2-3mm broad, spreading pubescent, reduced upwards. Flowers - Corolla blue, funnelform, to +3.5cm long, 5cm broad, glabrous internally and externally. Stamens 5, included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments white, to 1.5cm long, mostly glabrous but with distinct thickened hairs at the base. Anthers white, 2mm long, 1.5mm broad. Ovary superior, white, glabrous, subtended by white nectariferous ring, 1.5mm in diameter, conic, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Seeds 6. Style white, glabrous, included, 1.6cm long. Stigma biglobose, 2mm in diameter. Sepals 5, long-aristate, expanded at base for 6-7mm, 2.5cm long in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous internally. Basal portion with dense long spreading hairs. Arista short pubescent.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, thickets, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Central and South America. Other info. - This is an attractive vine but it can be tough to get rid of once established. This species frequently occurs in flower beds and cultivated areas. The flowers only last one day before wilting. Because this species is found throughout the world there is some confusion about it's origin. Most tend to agree the plant is from the American tropics. The typical variety found is variety hederacea, which has three-lobed leaves. Variety integriuscula Gray, has leaves which are entire. This plant is less common than the former.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +80cm tall, erect, simple to branching near apex, herbaceous, carinate, glabrous, from large taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, at least the lowest auriculate and partially clasping, serrate-dentate, glabrous, to 15cm long, +/-4cm broad, spatulate below, lanceolate above, acute to acuminate. The lowest leaves often somewhat pinnatifid.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes elongating in fruit to +30cm tall. Pedicels slightly elongating in fruit to 1cm long, tuberculate, typically perpendicular to axis of stem. Flowers - Petals 4, clawed, light purple to lilac, glabrous. Claw to 8mm long. Limb to +3mm broad, 6-7mm long, truncate or obtuse at apex, spreading or reflexed. Stamens 6, 4 large and 2 small. Filaments glabrous, lilac at apex, whitish near base, to 8mm long. Anthers purple, 1.2mm long. Ovary purple, glabrous, 7mm long, terete. Sepals 4, erect, distinct, lilac below, green and scarious at apex, glabrous, to 6mm long, 2mm broad at base, cupped. Siliques ascending to spreading, to 4cm long, with beak to 2.5mm long.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Moist soils of flood plain forest and low woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The plant is a textbook member of the Brassicaceae with 4 distinct petals, 4 distinct sepals, and 6 distinct stamens. The plant is common in the habitats mentioned above but is typically found growing in conjunction with other, not so friendly, alluvial plants as Laportea canadensis and Rhus radicans.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hydrophyllaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, branching, single from the base, herbaceous, scabrous, hispid, angled from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +17cm long, scabrous, hispidulous. Blades of lower leaves deeply 5-lobed, with a few much smaller lobes on the petiole, green above, silvery-green below, hispidulous, to +12cm long and broad. Lobes acute, shallowly dentate. Teeth mucronate.
Inflorescence - Terminal scorpoid panicle to 10cm long. Peduncle hispid. Pedicels to 6-7mm long, hispid. Flowers - Corolla lilac (or rarely white), 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 4mm long, glabrous. Lobes rounded, 5-6mm long and broad, glabrous externally and internally except for vertical rows of hairs at base of lobe sinuses, fimbrillate on margins. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, erect, mostly included. Filaments white-lilac, 8-9mm long, glabrous. Anthers lilac, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, unilocular, with yellow nectariferous ring at the base, conic, 1mm long, with erect white hispid pubescence. Style 7-8mm long, glabrous, white to lilac. Stigma 2-lobed, 1mm long. Calyx 5-lobed and with 5 small projections alternating with the lobes. Projections to 1mm long, spreading. Lobes attenuate, 6mm long, hispid, erect.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Moist rich woods, slopes, base of bluffs, thickets, wooded valleys. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from the plains region at the southwestern edge of the state. The plant can be locally abundant in the habitats mentioned above. Steyermark mentions two forms based on flower color. Form appendiculatum has a lilac or purplish flower. Form album Steyermark has a white flower and is rare. This species would do well in a shaded garden setting and is worthy of cultivation. It is a biennial plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To 1m tall, somewhat branching above, pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, lanceolate, typically sessile, toothed(dentate) or rarely entire, pubescent above and below, to +/-12cm long, +4cm broad. Inflorescence - Terminal racemes to +30cm tall.
Flowers - Corolla purple to blue purple,(other colors seen in cultivation), to 2cm broad. Petals 4, clawed, glabrous. Claw to -1cm long. Limb to +/-1cm long, 8mm broad, emarginate. Stamens 6, 4 closest to ovary longer than outer opposing 2, included. Stigma 2-lobed. Sepals 4, purple, erect and forming mock tube around petal claws, to 6mm long, 1.5mm broad.
Fruit - Cylindrical siliques to +10cm long. Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, thickets, open woods, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is one of the most showy members of the Brassicaceae. The flowers are typically much more blue-purple than appear in the top picture. The plant is quite common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hydrophyllaceae Stems - Fleshy, hollow, from a large fleshy taproot, glaucous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent near the nodes, to +30cm tall, herbaceous, erect to ascending, multiple from the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to 2cm long, pubescent. Blade pinnatifid, pubescent above and below, to 8cm long, 5cm broad. Main leaf divisions toothed or with pointed lobes. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers opposite the upper leaves. Also in terminal loose panicles. Pedicels greatly elongated in fruit, hirsute. Flowers - Corolla tubular, cylindric, 6-7mm long, 3mm in diameter, glabrous externally and internally, 5-lobed, whitish to blue. Corolla tube to 4mm long. Lobes rounded at the apex, -2mm broad, 2.5mm long. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla lobes, included, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments 1.3mm long, glabrous. Anthers brown, .5mm long. Ovary covered with long white bristles, superior, subtended by a ring of nectaries. Style forked at the apex. Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, lanceolate, to 8mm long, 3mm broad in flower, accrescent, pubescent. Fruit biglobose, fleshy, with bristles.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Moist woods, thickets, flood plains, stream banks, waste ground, cultivated areas, disturbed sites. Origin - Native to the U.S. Other info. - This little species is easy to identify in the field. Its pinnatifid leaves and tubular corollas are good characteristics for identification. The plant is common throughout much of Missouri but is less common in the extreme southeast corner of the state. The flowers of this species can be white but typically have at least a blue tinge.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Erect, to 1m tall, branching, herbaceous, with uneven hirsute pubescence on stem(mostly pubescent at and just below the nodes), from tough stout roots. Leaves - Alternate, sessile, elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, acute to acuminate, shallow serrate to crenate-serrate, slightly scabrous and pubescent below, sparse pubescent and shiny dark green above, to -30cm long, -10cm broad, tapering to base.
Inflorescence - Capitate cluster (glomerule) of flower heads terminating stems. Peduncles to +10cm, antrorse appressed pubescent. Peduncles subtended by single foliaceous bract. Flower clusters subtended by typically three foliaceous bracts to +/-4cm long. Bracts with antrorse appressed pubescence.
Involucre - Phyllaries loose, to -1cm long, 2mm broad, acute, green in upper 1/2, scarious below. Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla lilac to whitish, irregularly 5-lobed. Corolla tube 5mm long, glabrous. Lobes to 5mm long, linear, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers connate around style, 2mm long, exserted. Style included. Achene (in flower) white, pubescent, 2mm long. Pappus of 5 bristles. Bristles to 5mm long, slightly flattened and expanded at base.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Low woods, ravines, streambanks, moist thickets, open woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is common in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. It is simple to identify in the field as no other plant even resembles it. The plant prefers shaded moist woods. The flowers are typically more blue than they appear in the pics above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Boraginaceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect, lateral stems often ascending, typically multiple from base, simple, herbaceous, from big taproot, green with purple spotting (from spine bases), dense pubescent and also with straight spines. Spines clear and crystalline.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. The basal and lower cauline leaves to +15cm long, 3cm broad. all leaves entire, acute, linear to linear lanceolate or linear-oblong, with single midvein, strigose above and below, with spines on midrib below, green above, light green below. Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal scorpoid racemes from upper 2/3 of stem. Racemes subtended by foliaceous bracts. Flowers secund, sessile, each subtended by a lanceolate bract. Bracts typically equaling the calyx. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent and with spines.
Flowers - Corolla shallowly 5-lobed, zygomorphic, blue-purple to pink, to 1.5cm long. Corolla tube sericeous externally, glabrous internally. Lobes rounded, the upper two larger and extended further than the lower three. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla tube, opposite of corolla lobes, exserted. Filaments 1.3cm long, reddish, glabrous. Anthers greyish-green, .6mm broad. Style densely pubescent, pinkish-red, 2cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, 1.5mm long. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, 2mm in diameter, subtended by nectariferous ring. Lobes rounded, glabrous, green. Sepals 5, green, attenuate, spined and pubescent externally, glabrous internally, to 8mm long in flower, distinct. Calyx accrescent. Fruit 1-seeded. Many times only one of the four lobes of the ovary developing into a mature fruit.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Waste ground, roadsides, gravel bars, sand bars. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This striking species is best viewed and not touched. The sharp spines, which cover the plant, are a powerful deterrent and become lodged in the skin much like those of a cactus. This species is becoming common in many areas of Missouri and should not be willingly spread. It would be a good garden subject in an area of little water. Traditionally the leaves of the plant were boiled and made into a tea which helped fevers and headaches. The plant contains alkaloids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Primulaceae Stems - Scape to +30cm tall, glabrous, 3mm in diameter, from slightly thickened roots.
Leaves - Basal, spatulate, +10cm long, +2cm broad, entire, obtuse, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Umbellate cluster terminating scape, with +/-10 flowers. Pedicels glabrous, curving, to +4cm long, longer in fruit. Flowers - Corolla tube 2-2.5mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading at first and then sharply recurving, +/-2cm long, 7mm broad, glabrous, purple or white with yellow and maroon spotting at the base near the corolla tube throat. Stamens 5, borne at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes, connate around the ovary, connivent around the style. Anthers long, +/-8mm, attenuate. Anther connective lilac to purple, yellow below, smooth. Ovary green, glabrous, cylindric, to 4mm long, 2mm in diameter, seeds (ovules) many. Placentation free-central. Calyx tube 3mm long, 3.5mm broad, glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, attenuate, 5mm long, alternating with the corolla lobes, spreading.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Prairies, meadows, hillsides, open woods, rock outcrops. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a very striking plant which is found throughout much of Missouri except the northwestern corner. The flowers can range from purplish to white but are most commonly purplish. This is an easy species to identify because of its big basal leaves and unmistakable flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - To +45cm tall, glaucous, mostly glabrous but pubescent in and near inflorescence, hollow, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, reddish at very base, from a thick root, typically simple. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles of lower leaves to 15cm long, hollow, sparsely to moderately pubescent. Blade pubescent above and below, with ciliate margins, to +15cm broad, +8cm long, palmately lobed, each lobe again divided. Ultimate leaf divisions 2-3mm broad, linear to lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 15cm tall(long). Pedicels subtended by attenuate bract. Bracts to 9mm long, 2mm broad at base.
Flowers - Pedicels to 2cm long, densely pubescent. Corolla zygomorphic, typically +/- 3.5cm long and broad. Calyx of 5 sepals. Sepals deep blue-purple(violet) to whitish. Upper sepal with spur to 2cm long. Petals 4. Lateral petals bearded on outside and slightly covering stamens. Upper petals spurred, to -2cm long, lighter blue-purple to whitish. Stamens +/-20. Anthers brownish-black, to 1.5mm long. Filaments white, glabrous, to +6mm long, flattened below and broadest at base. Ovaries pubescent, 4mm long, 1.2mm in diameter. Fruit - Follicles up to 2cm long, 3 per flower.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich, moist woods, slopes, ravines, streambanks. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Everyone likes this genus because of the interesting and striking flowers. D. tricorne is a fairly small plant but it produces great color. Many pants in the genus are cultivated. This species can be toxic. Steyermark lists the above plant as form tricorne, having flowers which are all deep blue or with some white. A second form, form albiflora Millsp., has flowers which are entirely white. I think a third form may also exist, but I don't know what it is. Here's a look at a white perianth:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - To +/-1.5m tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, glabrous, glaucous, green, fistulose, simple.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, fairly evenly and widely spaced along the entire stem, not overlapping. Petioles glabrous or with a few sparse hairs near the apex, to +/-15cm long on the lowest leaves, reduced above, ascending from the stem at about a 60 degree angle. Blades with 3 main lobes, to +15cm broad and long, deep green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, pubescent above and below, more so below. Veins of the blades impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. The basal lobes of some of the larger leaves divided again and making the blade appear 5-lobed. All lobes further divided in the apical half. Ultimate lobes acute, entire. Upper leaves reduced, 3-lobed only.
Inflorescence - Terminal indeterminate raceme to +/-15cm long. Axis of the inflorescence angled, retrorse pubescent. Pedicels ascending as the leaves. Each pedicel subtended by one linear bract. Bracts pubescent, to +5mm long, -1mm broad. Pedicels tomentose, +/-5cm long, bent and expanded at the apex, with a pair of sub-opposite bracts near the apex. Bracts subulate, tomentose, to 2mm long. Flowers - Petals 4, dimorphic. The upper two petals expanded at the base and forming a spur, glabrous externally, retrorse pubescent internally, with a long greenish nectary on the ventral side. Base of the petals forming a tube to hold nectar. Apices of the upper petals deflexed, purplish-blue, glabrous, notched for +/-1mm. Lateral petals reflexed in the apical half, bearded with long white hairs, purple, deeply 2-lobed at the apex (the lobes 5-7mm long). Stamens +/-30, from below the carpels. Filaments white, strongly compressed in the basal half, nearly terete in the apical half, sparse pubescent, curling in the apical half, 5-8mm long. Anthers yellow when fresh, quickly drying to a chocolate-brown color, 1.2mm long. Pollen whitish. Carpels 3. Ovaries densely antrorse appressed pubescent (the hairs white), ovoid in flower, 2-2.3mm long in flower, +/-1mm in diameter, unilocular, with 4-5 ovules. Styles white, glabrous, to 2mm long. Sepals 5, irregular, the uppermost sepal forming a tube around the spurred petals. The spur to -1.5cm long. Other sepals -1cm long, 5-7mm broad. The lateral 2 sepals rounded at the apex and with a greenish-white spot in the center. The lower 2 and uppermost sepal acute at the apices and with a green spot at the apex. All sepals tomentoulose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowering - July - August. Habitat - Limestone or cherty limestone north and/or west-facing wooded slopes along the Current and Jack's Fork Rivers. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking plant has currently only been found in two southern Missouri counties. The plant is locally abundant where it is found, however. This species is the tallest of the genus in Missouri and certainly deserves a place in cultivation.
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