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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +60cm tall, from stout taproot, herbaceous, glaucous above, with stellate and simple hairs below (dense), erect, typically simple.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, stellate and simple pubescent. Lowest leaves 5-6cm long, 1.5-2cm broad, oblong, entire. Middle and upper leaves reduced upward, lanceolate. Auricles typically pointed. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +30cm tall (long). Pedicels to 3mm in flower, elongating to 1.5cm in fruit, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, pale-yellow, to +/-5mm long. 1.2mm broad at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6. Filaments glabrous, 3mm long. Anthers yellow, .2mm long and broad. Ovary ovoid, 2-valved. Style 1mm long, persistent in fruit and forming beak. Stigma globose.
Fruit - Obovoid silicle tapering at base, to 5mm long, 4mm in diameter, glabrous, many seeded(+/-10). Beak to 2mm long. Valves margined. Flowering - April - September. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is an easily identifiable plant which you are not likely to see unless you like to walk railroad tracks. The flowers close and shrivel very quickly on sunny, warm days, so the plant is best viewed when it's overcast. Pulling the plant from the ground is an effort in futility as the taproot is quite large.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, herbaceous, branching, erect, reddish-purple below, greenish-red above, glabrous, from large thickened taproot to +10cm in diameter.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous. Lowest leaves to +25cm long, lyrate-pinnatifid, with small prickles above and below on leaf tissue. Middle and upper cauline leaves clasping, glabrous, glaucous, lanceolate. Margins crenate with prickles caused by veins extending beyond leaf tissue. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +40cm long. Pedicels of flowers 5-6mm long, elongating in fruit to 1.5cm long, -1mm in diameter.
Flowers - Petals 4, 4-5mm broad at apex, obtuse, yellow, glabrous, to 1cm long, clawed. Stamens 6, erect. Longer 4 stamens with filaments to 4.5mm long, white, glabrous. Shorter stamens with filaments to 2mm long. Anthers yellow, +2mm long. Ovary 4.5mm long, slightly flattened, glabrous. Style 2mm long, persistent in fruit as beak. Sepals 4, yellow, glabrous, 1.5mm broad, 6mm long, linear, spreading to erect.
Flowering - April - September. Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to waste places, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This is the commonly cultivated rutabaga enjoyed by many. The plant is actually quite nice to look at. Turnips, B. campestris L., resemble rutabagas but the roots are flat across the top.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +80cm tall, bluish-green, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, branching above, typically single from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, glabrous, glaucous. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, to +15cm long. Auricles rounded. Cauline leaves sessile, clasping, auriculate, reduced above, to 9cm long, 3cm broad. Auricles rounded and broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes, compact in flower and elongating in fruit to +30cm. Pedicels 6-10cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +3cm and eventually at or near perpendicular to the axis of the inflorescence, glabrous, glaucous. Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 5mm long, pale yellow to whitish. Limb to 5mm long, 4mm broad, rounded to blunt at apex. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller (the two smaller stamens opposite and outside of the larger stamens). Filaments to 7mm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Anthers yellow, 2mm long. Ovary glabrous, green, terete, 4-5mm long. Style 1.7mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, 6-7mm long, to 2mm broad, linear, glabrous, yellow-green, erect to spreading, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +6cm long, terete, ascending and almost parallel with the axis of inflorescence, beaked, glabrous. Beak to 9mm long.
Flowering - April - September. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This is the species plant which gives rise to the Rutabaga. Chromosome numbers show that, originally, the plant was a hybrid between B. campestris L. (Turnip) and B. oleracea L. (Cabbage, Broccoli, etc.). B. napusis not commonly found wild in Missouri but is beginning to spread throughout the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +2m tall, erect, multiple from the base, from a taproot and woody crown, herbaceous, terete, branching near the apex, with dense reddish-purple pubescence. The hairs multicellular.
Leaves - Alternate, the lowest petiolate. Petioles to +/-10cm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaves becoming sessile upward. Blades cordate, crenate, ovate, pubescent on both surfaces, to +15cm long, +10cm broad, rounded to blunt at the apex, reduced upward. Inflorescence - Corymbiform clusters of flower heads terminating the stems. Peduncles densely purplish pubescent. Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate, to +1cm long, 7mm broad, pubescent, obovate to oblanceolate, green in apical half, whitish green near the base, slightly tapering to a subacute to blunt apex, entire. Involucre to 2cm broad.
Ray flowers - Fertile and pistillate. Ligule elliptic, often notched at the apex, yellow, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, to +1.5cm long, 1cm broad. Corolla tube 1mm long, pubescent. Stigmas purple, to 1.5mm long. Achenes orbicular to broadly ovate, compressed, glabrous on one side, comose on other side, to +4mm in diameter (in flower), becoming black at maturity. Pappus absent. Disk flowers - Flowers staminate. Disk to 1.3cm broad. Disk corollas purple, to 4mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes subacute to rounded, .6-.7mm long, densely grayish pubescent externally. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellowish, glabrous, to 2mm long, connivent around the stigmas. Style 1.5mm long, pale yellow, glabrous. Stigma undivided, yellow, to +2mm long, pubescent. Achene pubescent, 2mm long (in flower), cylindric, .4mm in diameter. Pappus absent. Receptacle convex. Chaff densely pubescent. enclosing the achene and partially enclosing the corolla, to 5mm long, rounded and greenish at the apex, tapering to the base and whitish below.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, glades, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in the southern Ozark region of Missouri. It is a characteristic plant of glades and rocky woods. B. texana is a very showy plant and deserves to be in cultivation. The plant is easily identified in the field by its densely pubescent stems, clasping leaves, and habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicacaea Stems - To -1m tall, multiple from base, branching, glabrous, herbaceous, from taproot, erect, carinate, greenish-purple.
Leaves - Alternate. Lower leaves lyrate, petiolate, glabrous or with some sparse pubescence, to +20cm long. Lobes with coarse shallow teeth or entire. Upper leaves reduced, sessile, entire or with a few coarse teeth. Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes elongating in fruit to +40cm long. Flowers on pedicels to 3mm long. Pedicels elongating in fruit to 6mm long, 4-angled, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, free, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, truncate at apex, glabrous, tapering and lighter yellow to white at base. Stamens 6, erect. Longer 4 stamens with filaments to 4mm long. Filaments glabrous, whitish yellow, with glands at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1-1.5mm broad. Ovary (sub)terete, green, glabrous, 4mm long. Style 1.8mm long, persistent. Stigma sub-biglobose. Sepals 4, greenish-yellow, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, with lighter yellow margins.
Fruit - Siliques glabrous, many seeded, erect to spreading, 2-3cm long, slightly compressed, beaked. Beak to 3mm long. Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - Its hard to miss this plant in the middle of spring. The bright and abundant yellow flowers dominate the roadsides and waste places. It is yet another one of aggressive, introduced members of the Brassicaceae we see so often in this state. Care should be taken not to spread the plant. The leaves can be eaten but have a sharp, bitter quality.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To +40cm tall, from thick caudex, villous to glabrous and glaucous, herbaceous, branching divaricately or divergently.
Leaves - Alternate, palmately 3-lobed, sessile to short petiolate(the petiole winged), stipulate. Stipules to -4cm long, 2cm broad, lanceolate-attenuate, ciliate margined, pubescent to glabrous. Lobes of leaves to +6cm long, +1.5cm broad, oblanceolate to spatulate, pubescent to glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal-horizontally spreading raceme to +25cm long. Flowers secund to top of axis. Each flower subtended by a single, ovate-lanceolate, foliaceous bract. Pedicels to +2.5cm long, hirsute to glabrous. Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, yellow. Standard to -3cm broad, +2cm long. Stamens 10, free. Filaments to 2cm long, glabrous, greenish-white. Anthers orange-yellow, 2mm long. Ovary terete, dense antrorse pubescent, tapering at apex. Calyx tubular, bilabiate. Calyx tube to 6mm long, pubescent externally(sometimes very sparse), internally lanate at apex and glabrous at base. Upper lip of calyx single-lobed. Lobe with notch at apex, 5mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes 4mm long, deltoid.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Prairies, rocky open woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a fairly low growing plant which is easily spotted in the late spring growing along roadside prairies and open woods. The yellow horizontal inflorescences are unmistakable. Steyermark lists two varieties for the plant. Variety leucophaea has pubescent stems and leaves. Variety glabrescens Larisey has stems which are glabrous and often glaucous, and leaves which are glabrous but still have ciliate margins. Variety glabrescens is also found more in the eastern half of the state. A synonym for the plant is B. bracteata Muhl. var glabrescens (Larisely) Isely
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple from base, branching above, sub-tomentose, producing stolons. Vascular tissue of stem appearing as parallel vertical lines on stem. Stems fragrant if crushed. Leaves - Alternate, mostly sessile, sparse lanate and hispidulous on upper surface, sparse lanate below, deeply pinnatifid (the main divisions again pinnately lobed). Ultimate divisions toothed and mucronate (at least on the lower leaves). Lower leaves to +/-7cm long, 3cm broad. Upper leaves shorter but slightly more broad. All leaves fragrant when crushed.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem. Involucre - Broad, flattish, 1.8cm in diameter. Phyllaries imbricate, 4-5mm long, 1.4mm broad, green with scarious margins, sparse lanate externally mostly near apex. Apices sometimes appearing lacerate.
Ray flowers - Ligules to 1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous, truncate to emarginate at apex. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), flattened to 4-angled. Disk flowers - Disk to 2.2cm broad and dome shaped when mature. Corolla 5-lobed, yellow. Tube to 3mm long, glabrous. Flowers fertile. Pappus none. Achene 2mm long (in flower), grayish-white, slightly 4-angled. Chaff of receptacle to 6mm long, flattened and scarious below in lower half, tapering to a terete-pointed yellow apex.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Waste ground, fields, moist woods, also cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is just one of the genus Anthemis that is recognized as "Chamomile" that people like to grow and brew for tea and other uses. The plant is not that common in the wilds of Missouri but is cultivated fairly regularly. The stems of the plant begin to lean as the plant gets to tall.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, annual, from a taproot, typically single from the base and simple in the basal 1/2-2/3. Lower stem appearing woody, 3-5mm in diameter, grayish-brown. Stems in inflorescence divaricate, glabrous, green, angled or grooved.
Leaves - Mostly absent at anthesis. Leaves of the inflorescence linear, sessile, with punctate dots (use lens to see) and minute serrulate teeth on the leaf margins (use lens to see), +/-1mm broad, to 6cm long. Inflorescence - Many small flower heads terminating each branch of the inflorescence. Stems spreading to +/-50cm broad at anthesis in a "mound" shape. Each flower head subtended by linear bracts giving way to the involucre. Involucre - +/-2-3mm broad, 2-3mm tall, essentially biseriate. Lower series with green phyllaries. Phyllaries glabrous, linear-lanceolate, +/-2mm long, 1mm broad, acute. Inner series of phyllaries yellow-green (translucent at the base), glabrous, +3mm long, 1.5-1.8mm broad at the apex, acute, with the apical 1/4 spreading outward.
Ray flowers - +/-8 per flower head, spreading, pistillate and fertile. Ligule yellow, 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, elliptic-oblong, glabrous, with 2 impressed veins above (expressed below). Corolla tube 1-1.5mm long, whitish, glabrous. Style slightly exserted and bifurcate, whitish, .5-.6mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 1mm long, yellow, glabrous. Pappus absent or a minute, translucent crown. Disk flowers - Disk +/-3mm broad, with +/-15 flowers. Flowers staminate. Corolla tube translucent-yellow, glabrous, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, yellow, acute, +/-.5mm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent, .7mm long. Anthers yellow, connivent around the undivided style, 1mm long, partially exserted. Style +2mm long, translucent in the basal 2/3, with the apical 1/3 pubescent and yellowish and exserted. Receptacle flat, naked but with ridges around the flower bases. Pappus a translucent awned crown. Awns equaling or exceeding the corolla. Crown (undivided portion) short, .3-.5mm long.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Upland prairies, limestone and dolomite glades, bluff tops, riverbanks, fallow fields, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This attractive little species can be found in the southwest corner of Missouri. Although it is not seen in the plant photo above, the plant nearly always grows from a single trunk-like base and then branches widely in the upper half (the whole plant being as wide or wider than tall). This species grows in profusion along roadsides in the Great Plains and is quite common there. It is far less abundant in Missouri. A synonym is Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) S.F. Blake
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To .75m tall, erect, herbaceous, simple to branching above, from short rhizomes and fibrous roots, densely pubescent with short and long hairs (the longer hairs typically ascending).
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, pinnately divided, to +20cm long. Large leaflets oblanceolate to elliptic, coarse serrate, slightly scabrous above, pubescent below, to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad. Stipules foliaceous, serrate, to +/-2cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform racemes elongating in fruit to +30cm. Each flower subtended by small 3-lobed bract. Bracts and axis of inflorescence pubescent. Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, 2.5-3mm long, -2mm broad, elliptic. Stamens 10. Filaments glabrous, pale yellow to white, 1.2mm long. Anthers orange, .6mm broad. Styles (and pistils) 2, protruding from center of nectar ring, glabrous, .9mm long. Ovary concealed in hypanthium. Hypanthium turbinate, pubescent, 10-nerved, 1.1mm long(in flower), with ring of uncinate bristles subtending corolla. Bristles to 1mm long. Sepals 5, spreading, acute, 1.5mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous or with a few hairs at apex. Fruit an achene within the hypanthium.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Dry rocky woods, ravines, floodbanks, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one of the four species of Agrimonia that occur in Missouri. While fruiting, this little plant is likely to be overlooked in the field. The fruits, however, attach to all clothing and will certainly be noticed when you get home. They are a bit of a pain to pull from your apparel. The small flowers are actually quite easy to notice as they add a splash of light to the dark forest floor.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Plant acaulescent. Leaves and flowering stems from a big vertical taproot, with milky sap. Taproot woody. Leaves - Leaves in a basal rosette, sessile, linear-attenuate, white at the partially sheathing base, mainly dark green with an adaxial white strip along the midrib, to 20cm long, 1.5cm broad at the base, typically folded. Margins entire, often sinuous, fringed with dense white hairs. Abaxial surface of the leaf with long whitish pubescence on the veins. Adaxial surface with lanate-tomentose pubescence on the midvein. The hairs of the plant multicellular.
Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating the flowering scape, typically one per plant. Scape (peduncle) to +/-15cm tall, lanate-tomentose, fistulose, carinate, appearing gray because of the pubescence. Involucre - Phyllaries imbricate or overlapping but subequal in length, spreading at the apices, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate, light green with a brown mid-portion, glabrous. Inner phyllaries slightly smaller than the outer.
Ray flowers - Flower head to 5cm broad. Flowers many per head. Corolla tube whitish, densely antrorse pubescent externally, 1cm long. Ligule yellow adaxially, with a brown mid-stripe abaxially, 4-5-notched at the apex (the teeth to .75mm long), pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, to 2cm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate near the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments translucent-yellow, 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers orange, exserted, to +5mm long, connate around the style. Style yellow, antrorse pubescent, bifurcate at the apex for 1-2mm (the ends spreading). Achenes (in flower) green, glabrous, ribbed, 1.5mm long, cylindric. Pappus of white capillary bristles to +1cm long. The bristles antrorse barbellate. Receptacle flat.
Disk flowers - Absent. Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Glades and rocky prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one of the most uncommon plants in Missouri only being found in 4 counties thus far. It is locally abundant in some areas, however. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its habitat, dandelion-like flower heads, and grayish hairy leaves and scapes. The big taproot helps the plant to survive in its harsh glade habitat.
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