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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - Herbaceous, from fibrous roots, multiple from base, branching, glabrous, to +50cm tall but typically shorter, erect.
Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate, un-lobed to lobed. Petiole to 15cm long, pubescent adaxially, petiole reduced on lobed basal leaves. Blade of un-lobed leaves reniform, crenate, to 5cm long, 6cm broad, glabrous, ciliate at basal margin. Lobed basal leaves with typically three lobes, the lobes crenate. Cauline leaves sessile to short petiolate, 3-lobed (occasionally each lobe divided again). Lobes linear to oblanceolate, entire to crenate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Single terminal flowers on long peduncle. Peduncle to +9cm long, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, lanceolate, 3mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous. Stamens +20, from base of pistils. Filaments yellow, -1mm long. Anthers yellow. Pistils many, forming a globose head to +/-5mm long (tall), +/-4mm in diameter. Sepals 5, spreading to reflexed, oval to elliptic, cupped, green with scarious margins, 3-4mm long, 2.2mm broad, glabrous or with a few straight hairs. Achenes glabrous, -2mm long when mature, slightly compressed, with minute beak to .1mm long.
Flowering - March - June. Habitat - Slopes, streambanks, woods, ravines, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a very common plant in the state and one of the first signs that spring is truly arriving. This species and other woodland species are typically the first plants to bloom in spring. The flowers are very small but easy to spot against the dark woodland floor.The plant can be found in moist areas of the habitats mentioned above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, herbaceous, hirsute (with simple and gland-tipped pubescence), branching, multiple from base, from thick caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, palmately compound, stipulate. Stipules to 3.5cm long, -1cm broad, hirsute, lance-ovate, laciniate in upper portions. Petioles to +11cm long, hirsute to pilose, with some gland-tipped pubescence. Blades with 5-7 leaflets. Leaflets serrate, oblanceolate, to +8cm long, +2.5cm broad, hirsute to pilose below, pubescent above. Upper leaves becoming sessile, typically trifoliolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose cymes. Pedicels pilose to hirsute, often subtended by reduced foliaceous bracts. Flowers - Petals 5, yellow to pale yellow, glabrous, obcordate to emarginate, 1.5cm long and broad. Stamens many (+20). Filaments filiform, to 4mm long. Anthers yellow, 1.8mm long. Carpels many, yellowish. Styles thick near base, tuberculate, yellow. Hypanthium cup-shaped, +6mm broad, pilose to hirsute. Bracts subtending sepals 5, lanceolate, 3-nerved, to 1cm long, 3mm broad. Sepals subulate to ovate-lanceolate, keeled, to 8mm long, 4.5mm broad, hirsute to pilose. Calyx accrescent. Achenes oblique-ovate, to 1.3mm long, slightly winged on margins.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - P. recta is a common roadsides weed throughout Missouri. If left untouched it can form large clumps, as shown above. The flowers of this species are quite showy and the species is suitable for a low maintenance garden. Care should be taken not to spread the plant in the wild as it is introduced. There are many other species of Potentilla growing wild in Missouri, this is the most showy.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To .75m tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, from a taproot, branching, hirsute (hairs with swollen bases), green but becoming dark red in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate, much reduced upward. Stipules typically 4-5-lobed, to 3cm long, sparse pubescent above, ciliate-margined. Lobes acute. Petioles to 10cm long, hirsute, with adaxial groove. Lateral leaflets sessile, hirsute, ovate-oblong, to 5cm long, 3cm broad, serrate. Teeth acute, often with reddish tips. Terminal leaflet oval to broadly elliptic, on petiolule to 7mm long, hirsute.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate cymes. Pedicels to 9mm long(in flower), elongating in fruit, pilose to hirsute. Flowers - To +/-1.2cm broad. Petals 5, distinct, yellow, glabrous, emarginate, 3.5mm long, 3mm broad. Stamens many(+/-20). Filaments yellowish, to 2mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .4mm broad. Carpels many, yellowish. Hypanthium flattish, 5-6mm in diameter, densely pubescent. Sepals 5, accrescent, subtended by 5 bracts. Sepals and bracts deep green and typically with reddish tips. Sepals acuminate, 5mm long, 3mm broad at base. Bracts lance-oblong, 4-5mm long, 2mm broad, acute, ciliate-margined, appressed pubescent. Achenes brownish, rugose, to 1.3mm long.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is found scattered throughout the state of Missouri. Our plants belong to variety norvegica which has hirsute stems and leaves. Another variety, var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fern., has glabrous stems and leaves but does not occur in our area.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Portulacaceae Stems - From stout taproot, multiple from base, prostrate, greenish with some red tinge, branching, succulent, herbaceous. Leaves - Alternate, sessile or very short petiolate (+/-1mm), glabrous, oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse to truncate at apex, tapering slightly to base, entire, glabrous, succulent, to 3cm long, 1.2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single or few flowers terminating stems. Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, 3-4mm long, 2.5-3mm broad, distinct. Stamens 6-10. Filaments 1mm long, translucent yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm broad. Style 5-lobed, 1.1mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous, green, 2-lobed, with transverse groove. Lobes subequal to unequal, to 4mm long, glabrous, acute. Capsule circumsissle, to +5mm long (tall). Seeds many. Placentation free central.
capsules with seeds. Flowering - June - November. Habitat - Cultivated and waste ground, rocky bluffs, glades. roadsides. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This small plant is becoming common throughout Missouri. The succulent nature of the plant allows it to survive in habitats barren habitats.
Although I have the flower parts labeled as "petals", "sepals", and "calyx" above, this is not technically correct. The perianth is actually composed of an involucre of 2 bracts - the "sepals" above, and 4-6 petaloid tepals - the "petals" above. The ovary is partially inferior. This species is edible (it's quite tasty) and is often called "Pusley." It was also used traditionally as an ointment for burns.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Solanaceae Stems - To +1m tall, from caudex (well below ground), herbaceous, angled, purple-green, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs on angles (strigillose), minutely winged on angles, (wings -1mm broad), branching (divergent) above, typically erect but also reclining with age.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blade lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or sparse pubescent above, typically oblique at base, to +15cm long, +9cm broad. Margins entire to sinuate or coarsely dentate. Midrib purple with antrorse appressed pubescence. Petiole to +4cm long, winged. Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on peduncle to 2cm long. Peduncles antrorse strigillose, elongating in fruit. Flowers - Pendant. Corolla funnelform, +2cm broad, sparse pubescent externally, dense pubescent(tomentose) internally in tube, yellow with purple at base. Corolla tube 5-6mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments thick, purple, clavate, glabrous, 5-6mm long. Anthers yellow 3.5mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, subglobose, 2-locular. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, antrorse strigose. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes acuminate, to 6mm long, 4mm broad at base. Calyx tube inflating at maturity and surrounding fruit, to 3cm long, -3cm in diameter. Fruit pendant.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Rich woods, ravines, bases of slopes, streambanks, thickets, pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Steyermark lists 4 variations for this species. I will not go into those here as it may be that they are no longer considered valid. Regardless, Physalis longifolia is probably the most common species in the genus found in Missouri. The plant can look like a little "tree" with a single straight stem and "canopy" of branches near the apex, or, the plant can grow very low and almost sprawl.
The "Tomatilla", which is found in many stores now, is also from the genus Physalis. Some of our species are edible while raw, some need to be cooked first. P. longifolia should be cooked first.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Solanaceae Stems - Erect, from tough horizontal rhizomes, to 50cm tall, herbaceous, terete, densely glandular pubescent, branching, often purplish at the nodes. Hairs of the stem often branching and of different lengths.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to +1.5cm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades ovate, typically cordate with a few coarse, irregular teeth on margins, acute, to +6cm long, -5cm broad, sericeous above, less so below, glandular pubescent on both surfaces.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils. Flowers nodding. Pedicels to -1cm in flower, longer in fruit, densely glandular pubescent. Flowers - Corolla yellow externally, purplish at base internally, funnelform, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally except at very base, to +/-1.5cm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included, surrounded by tufts of white hairs (the hairs branching). Filaments purple, clavate, glabrous at apex, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow to purple, 3-4mm long. Ovary superior, yellow, 1.5mm long, 2mm in diameter, glabrous, subtended by a green nectary, 2-locular, placentation axile. Seeds (ovules) many. Calyx campanulate, densely glandular pubescent externally with hairs if different lengths, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Tube to 5mm long. Lobes 5mm long, triangular-attenuate. Calyx inflated in fruit to +3cm long, 2.5cm in diameter. Fruit viscid, glabrous, globose, 1cm in diameter.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Prairies, rocky woods, waste ground, thickets, gravel bars. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - P. heterophylla can be found throughout Missouri and is fairly easy to ID in the field due to its glandular pubescent stems, coarsely toothed leaves, thick roots, and bi-colored flowers. The fruit of this species is edible when ripe but the plant itself is toxic. The darker portions of the corolla are typically darker than in the close-up picture shown above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To +25cm tall, from thick roots, multiple from base, herbaceous, hollow, reddish, erect, villous. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, pinnatifid to bipinnatifid, ultimate divisions crenate. Blade to +7cm long, 2.5-3cm broad, oblong, typically glabrous but with appressed hairs on sunken midrib above. Petioles to +3cm long, with sparse cilia on margins. Larger leaves basal, upper leaves reduced.
Inflorescence - Terminal spicate raceme to +/-9cm long. Axis of raceme dense villous to lanate. Flowers sessile, each subtended by foliaceous bract. Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, yellowish, to 2.5cm long. Upper lip galeate, 1.2cm long. Lower lip bearded internally, to 1cm long. Stamens 4, didynamous. Filaments flattened, 2.3cm long, pubescent at base and at apex. Anthers 3mm long, 1.5mm broad. Ovary 4mm long, superior, glabrous, flattened at apex. Calyx to +/-1.4cm total length, 8mm in diameter. Capsule to +1.5cm long, with minute beak.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Dry open woods, ridges, slopes, prairies, low meadows. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - P. canadensis is a common plant in the state. The yellow flowers are easy to spot in meadows in the spring. Steyermark lists a white flowered form also, f. albescens Steyerm., but it is rare.
Natives used the roots of the plant in tea for a variety of ailments. Then again, they used most plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Oxalidaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, from fibrous roots, ascending, herbaceous, densely antrorse appressed pubescent, to +20cm tall, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles to +4cm long, with few to many antrorse appressed hairs. Leaflets obcordate, mostly sessile, antrorse appressed pubescent below, mostly glabrous adaxially, entire, to +/-1.5cm broad and long. Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate umbels of 2-6 flowers. Peduncles pubescent as the stems, to 6cm long. Umbels subtended by small linear bracts. Bracts to 3-4mm long. Pedicels erect in flower, spreading to slightly reflexed in fruit, to -2cm long, pubescent as the stems.
Flowers - Corolla yellow, deeply 5-lobed, glabrous. Lobes to 1.2cm long, 6mm broad, rounded to emarginate. Stamens 10, united at the base into a tube which surrounds the ovary. Filaments glabrous, yellowish, to 5mm long. Ovary 5-carpellate. Styles antrorse appressed pubescent, to 3mm long. Sepals 5, distinct, green, acute, antrorse appressed pubescent, oblong to linear-oblong, to 6mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous internally. Fruits erect, appressed and spreading pubescent, to 2.5cm long, with many seeds.
Flowering - May - November. Habitat - Fields, glades, prairies, gravel bars, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. It is a very common "weed." This species and another, O. stricta L., can be very difficult to distinguish. The best characteristic to use to try and differentiate the two species is the arrangement of the infructescence. The pedicels of O. dillenii are spreading to slightly reflexed in fruit whereas those of O. stricta are erect. Also, O. dillenii has an unbranched, umbellate inflorescence and the inflorescence of O. stricta is branched with maturity. Other characteristics mentioned in many plant keys do not hold well in the field.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Onograceae Stems - To +/-30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, simple to branching near apex, from a branched taproot, multiple from base, hirsutulous below, glabrous near apex.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal rosette typically drying by anthesis. Leaves of rosette petiolate, spatulate, to 3cm long, 6mm broad, entire to shallow serrate, glabrous. Cauline leaves linear, 2-3cm long, 1-2mm broad, glabrous, entire. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts acute to acuminate, lance-ovate, mostly glabrous, entire but with strigose margins. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, distinct, obcordate, 5mm long, 4-5mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 8, erect, adnate at apex of floral tube. Filaments yellow, glabrous, +/-2mm long. Anthers reddish-yellow, .7mm long. Style yellowish, glabrous, 4.5mm long. Stigma 4(5)-lobed. Ovary inferior, 4-locular, 4-angled, slightly winged on angles, obovoid in outline, 5-6mm long n flower, longer in fruit, with antrorse strigose pubescence. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Floral tube yellow, 3mm long, mostly glabrous or with a few strigose hairs as ovary. Sepals 2, reflexed, ovate, glabrous internally, with small strigose hairs externally, yellow-green, -3mm long, 2.3mm broad.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Glades, rocky fields. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This small species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The small flowers of this species wilt quickly and barely last a day. More commonly, the plant is found in fruit, if at all. Because of its thin stems and leaves, and its small flowers, this species is often overlooked. This is a characteristic glade species in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月31日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Onagraceae Stems - From a big taproot, multiple from the base, ascending, herbaceous, solid, green, branching, to +50cm long, antrorse puberulent and antrorse villous (especially near the apex) (the hairs villous hairs with pustulate bases).
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or with short petioles to 2-3mm long, laciniate, oblong to elliptic or lanceolate in outline, to 9-10cm long, +/-2cm broad, pubescent with short and long hairs as the stem, flat-green above and below. The translucent-whitish midrib contrasting with the leaf tissue. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Sessile flowers from the leaf axils, one flower per leaf. Flowers - Petals 4, pale yellow, obcordate, to 1.5cm broad and long, glabrous, borne at the apex of the flora tube. Stamens 8, erect, exserted, borne at the apex of the floral tube. Filaments glabrous, yellow, +/-1cm long. Anthers yellow, 5mm long, dorsifixed. Style 1, to +/-3.5cm long, translucent basally, yellowish apically, glabrous, mostly included in the floral tube but exserted +/-1cm. Stigmas yellow, 4, spreading, 5-7mm long. Sepals 4, linear-subulate, to -2cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, glabrous internally, villous and glandular pubescent externally, remaining joined at the apices and reflexed to one side at anthesis. Floral tube to +/-2.5cm long, -2mm in diameter, villous and with short, glandular hairs, with a reddish tinge. Ovary cylindric, villous and with short antrorse puberulent hairs, 1.2cm long, -2mm in diameter (in flower), quickly expanding in fruit, green, 8-ribbed, with many ovules.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Fallow fields, alluvial soils, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is low growing and easy to ID in the field because of its toothed leaves and pale yellow flowers. The flowers of this species open at night and close when hit by strong sunlight. Although typically hairy as mentioned above, this species can sometimes be glabrate.
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