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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Papaveraceae Stems - From a woody caudex and thick roots, to +/-40cm tall, erect to ascending, herbaceous, fistulose, mostly green but purple at the base, glaucous, sparse to moderately pilose. Trichomes of the plant multicellular.
Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, pinnatifid. Petioles to +/-16cm long, purplish near the base, green apically, with a shallow adaxial groove, sparse pilose. Blades pinnatifid. Divisions of the blade to +/-6cm long, +/-3cm broad, with rounded lobes, green and glabrous adaxially, heavily glaucous and sparse pilose abaxially. Rachis between the leaf divisions with pilose hairs.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel of 1-many flowers. Umbels subtended by a pair of opposite leaves. The leaves reduced. Pedicels of the umbels subtended by a pair of subulate bracts. Bracts to +1cm long, +/-3mm broad, pilose, acute. Pedicels to +6cm long, sparse pilose, glaucous, terete, erect. Flowers - Petaloid sepals 4, spreading, distinct, yellow-orange, broadly obovate, to +/-3cm long and broad, glabrous. Petals absent. Stamens many, erect, from below the pistil. Filaments yellow, to 7mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, +2mm long, +1mm broad, compressed. Ovary superior, 6-10mm long in flower, 3-4mm in diameter, narrowly ovoid, densely antrorse strigose, yellow-green, unilocular, with many ovules. Placentation parietal. Style yellow-green, glabrous, 2-3mm long. Stigma with a truncate apex, 2-4-lobed. Fruits pendant, to +2cm long, dehiscing by 4 valves. Seeds with a distinctive keel of white pubescence and otherwise shiny and dark brown to black.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich soils of woodlands, base of bluffs, along streams, ravine bottoms. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking plant can be found in the east-central portion of the state and in a few southwestern counties. It is simple to identify because of its paired leaves, brilliant yellow flowers, and bristly fruits. The species is also cultivated and grows well in many conditions.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Stout, erect, herbaceous, to +2.5m tall, branching in the apical 1/2, single or multiple from the base, green but often purplish in strong sun, terete to slightly 4-angled (the angles rounded), villosulous to villous. The hairs of the stem with pustulate bases which create a slightly scabrous feel to the stem.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, ovate, acute to acuminate, to +15cm long, +9cm broad, entire or with coarse shallow teeth (the teeth with minute whitish apices), scabrous above, sericeous below. Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves with pustulate bases, those of the lower surface pilosulose. Veins around the base of the blade impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. Inflorescence - Terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads on stems. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a pair of reduced foliaceous bracts. Peduncles villosulous, with multicellular trichomes. Involucre - To 2.5cm broad, +1.5cm tall (long). Phyllaries imbricate, not tightly appressed, broadly ovate to orbicular, acute to slightly acuminate, to 1.5cm long and broad, green, glandular pubescent and with some antrorse appressed hairs at the base externally, glandular and antrorse appressed pubescent in the apical half internally (glabrous basally), with ciliolate margins.
Ray flowers - +/-15 per flower head, fertile, pistillate. Ligule yellow, +3cm long, +7mm broad, with two adaxial vertical grooves, with a single notch at the apex, sparsely pubescent at the base. Corolla tube to 3mm long, pilose, pale yellow. Style yellowish-brown, divided to below the middle, glabrous, +/-7mm long. Achenes compressed, orbicular to broadly ovate, +/-7mm in diameter in flower, retrorse appressed pubescent, with two basal projections. Projections pointed, to 2-3mm long. Disk flowers - Disk +2cm broad. Flowers staminate. Corolla tube yellow, 8-9mm long, contracted in the basal 1/5, white at the base, glabrous basally, with some pubescence at the apex, glabrous internally, 5-lobed. Lobes triangular, acute, +/-1mm long, erect. Stamens 5, adnate at the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, -2mm long. Anthers brown, 5mm long, partially exserted, connivent around the style. Style yellow (pale in basal 1/2), to +1.5cm long, glabrous in the basal 1/2, pubescent apically, undivided. Achene white in flower, terete, with retrorse hairs, 6mm long, -1mm in diameter, tapered to the apex. Receptacle small, mostly flat or slightly convex. Chaff partially enclosing the achenes, +/-1.5cm long, -2mm broad, white in the basal 2/3, green apically, glabrous internally, pubescent (ciliate) externally at least on the midrib and at the apex, glabrous at the base.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, prairies, glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This big species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is variable in stem and involucre pubescence but despite this, it is still an easy species to ID in the field. The broad rounded phyllaries and undivided styles are good characteristics for proper identification. Steyermark breaks the species up into two varieties based on stem pubescence. Variety laeve T. & G. has glabrous and glaucous stems and involucres. Variety integrifolium has pubescent stems and involucres. This latter variety is much more common in the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To 2m tall, herbaceous, erect, retrorse pubescent, branching, multiple from base. Leaves - Opposite. Lowest leaves large, pinnatifid, pubescent, to 30cm long, short-petiolate. Lobes again divided. Ultimate divisions coarse serrate. Upper leaves lanceolate, lobed to crenate or entire, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform racemes on the main stems and branches. Flowers subtended by foliaceous bracts. Pedicels to +1.5mm long. Inflorescence appearing as just paired axillary flowers because of the foliaceous bracts.
Flowers - Corolla zygomorphic, yellow, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 8mm long, white at very base, yellow above, bearded internally at least near apex. Lobes spreading or reflexed, to 6mm long, rounded, unequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, included to slightly exserted, adnate about 1/2 way up corolla tube. Filaments 2mm long, pubescent. Anthers brown, 2.7mm long, 1mm broad. Style 3mm long. Ovary superior, glabrous, yellow-green, surrounded at base by green ringlike nectary, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Calyx tube 4mm long, retrorse pubescent, purplish-green, 5-lobed. Lobes unequal, ovate, to 6mm long, 4mm broad, pubescent.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Rich low woods, ravines, valleys, rocky slopes, thickets, bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - After spending some time in the field, a person gets a feel for how the flowers of particular plant families look. This plant has classic flowers of the Scrophulariaceae. The flowers are tubular, zygomorphic, and 5-lobed. The plant is easy to recognize in the field because of the bright yellow flowers and the large pinnatifid opposite leaves. This species is actually partially parasitic on the roots of larger woody and herbaceous plants. A synonym is Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Primulaceae Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, from fleshy rhizomes, herbaceous, branching, glabrous, 4-angled, slightly winged in upper portions by decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear, sessile, entire, deep shiny green, with single prominent midrib, acute, glabrous, to +/-13cm long, +/-7mm broad. Margins revolute and often with a few cilia near base.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedicillate flowers near the tips of the stems. The internodes are very short in the upper portions of the plant and create a whorled appearance. Pedicels glabrous, to 2.5cm long. Flowers nodding. Flowers - Corolla yellow, to 2.5cm broad, 4-lobed. Lobes rotund to ovate, apiculate, slightly lacerate to erose on apical margins, glabrous externally, densely glandular near base internally. Corolla tube very short, to 2mm long. Stamens 5, erect, adnate at apex of corolla tube, opposite the corolla lobes. Filaments compressed slightly, white, glandular pubescent, to 4mm long. Anthers orange-brown, 2.5-3mm long. Style whitish green, glabrous, 5mm long. Ovary superior, subglobose, green, glabrous, 5-valved, 1.2mm in diameter. Placentation free-central. Locules (seeds) many. Sepals 5, spreading, to 7mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, green, acute to acuminate.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Stream banks, swampy meadows, wet thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in the central portions of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its thin, opposite leaves, its falsely-whorled flowers, and the wet habitat it prefers. L. quadriflora also prefers calcareous soils. The flowers can sometimes be white in color. Traditionally the leaves of this plant were dried and made into a bland tea which was used to treat feminine problems and kidney troubles.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Primulaceae Stems - Repent, tp +40cm long (and sometimes much longer), herbaceous, multiple from the base, typically simple, with 4 wings from deccurent leaf tissue. Wings to .7mm broad, forming vertical grooves along the sides of the stems.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-5mm long, glabrous, with a wide and shallow adaxial groove. Blades orbicular, to +/-2.5cm in diameter, glabrous, entire, somewhat cordate at the base, dark green above, lighter green below. Veins of the leaves impressed above, expressed below.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles to +/-2cm long, erect, glabrous. Flowers - Petals typically 5 (sometimes 6), united at the very base and forming a small corolla tube. Tube to 1mm long. Free portion of petals glabrous, yellow, to +1.4cm long, 5-7mm broad, rounded at the apex, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 5(6), adnate at the base of the petals, erect, united at the base. Filaments yellow, broadest at the base and tapering to the apex, glandular puberulent, to 5mm long. Anthers yellow, to 2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, globose, 1.2mm in diameter. Style green, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma small, purplish. Sepals 5(6), green, spreading, with the margins slightly revolute in the basal 1/2, ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, to +/-7mm long, +/-5mm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Streambanks, bottoms, ditches, roadsides. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This weedy yet attractive species can be found scattered throughout most of Missouri. The plant is an escape from lawns and gardens and is now well established in this state. Plants seldom flower, which is why I do not show flowers in the whole plant pic above, but rather spread by creeping stems which root at the nodes and create large mats if left unchecked. Steyermark mentions that the plant makes a good ground cover for shaded, moist areas. This species can be easily identified by its creeping stems and opposite orbicular leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Primulaceae Stems - To +/-40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot, typically purplish, 4-angled, mostly glabrous but with some branched pubescence near the apex.
Leaves - Opposite to whorled. Basal leaves petiolate. Petioles involute, glabrous. Blades ovate, glabrous. Cauline leaves sessile or short-petiolate, with distinct white coarse cilia at base of blade and on petiole. Blades tapering to the base, to +/-8cm long, 1.5cm broad, acute, linear-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, green above, lighter green below, with obvious midrib and lateral venation.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate flowers at the apex of the stem (typically in a false whorl of 4). Peduncles to +3cm long, purplish, glabrous, arched. Flowers - Corolla yellow, to 2cm broad, 5-lobed. Lobes obovate to orbicular with an abruptly acuminate apex, 6-7mm long, slightly erose on apical margins, densely glandular adaxially. Glands yellow, stalked and sessile. Corolla tube short, with a brown ring. Fornices of corolla attenuate, to 2mm long, alternating with the corolla lobes. Stamens 5, opposite the corolla lobes, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, erect. Filaments whitish, glandular, 3mm long. Anthers yellow, +2.5mm long, curved to falcate at maturity. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, ovoid to globose, 1.3mm in diameter, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Style white, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma minute. Calyx tube green, glabrous, 1-1.5mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes green, glabrous, +5mm long, acute, spreading.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Dry or wet rocky woods, slopes, ridges, thickets, valley bottoms, wet prairies, pond margins, swamps, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species is found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is common in the habitats mentioned above. This is an easy species to ID when in flower because of its long, thin, whorled leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Primulaceae Stems - To +80cm tall, herbaceous, erect, 4-angled, glabrous or with glandular pubescence at upper nodes, multiple from base, simple to branching above, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles slightly winged by decurrent leaf tissue, to +3cm long. Wings -1mm broad, ciliate-margined. Blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, rounded to cuneate at base, to +11cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous, minutely serrulate on margins.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate flowers, from upper leaf axils. Peduncles to +4cm long, glandular-puberulent. Flowers nodding. Flowers - Corolla yellow, deeply 5-lobed, glandular externally, slightly orange to reddish at base. Corolla tube to +1mm long. Lobes to 1.3cm long, 1cm broad, glandular internally (dense near base), apiculate, erose. Staminodes present, 1mm long, alternating with stamens, lance-attenuate. Stamens 5, erect, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments to 2.5mm long, yellow, glandular. Anthers yellowish, 2.5-3mm long. Ovary superior, green, globose, 1.5mm in diameter. Placentation free central. Style 5mm long, glabrous, green. Calyx tube to 2mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, 6-7mm long, 2mm broad, linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire, glabrous. Capsule globose (sub-globose), glabrous, +5mm in diameter, many seeded, dehiscing by 5 valves, brownish.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Moist low woods, wet prairies, streambanks, pond margins. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - L. ciliata is easy to identify in the field because of its ciliate petioles and its nodding yellow flowers. The plant is common throughout the state of Missouri. It is easily grown from seed and would make a good garden subject in a shady moist location.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hypericaceae Stems - Woody, multiple from the base, branching, erect, to 2m tall, with shredding bark.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblong to lance-oblong, dark green above, lighter green below, glabrous, decussate, entire, with minute whitish tip, with single prominent midrib, to +3cm long, +/-1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers on new seasons growth. Flowers sessile or on short pedicels to 5mm long. Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, distinct, to +/-1.5cm long, 7mm broad, glabrous, oblong to narrowly obovate, rounded at apex. Stamens many, (+100), erect. Filaments yellow, 8-9mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .6mm broad. Style 4-5mm long, glabrous. Ovary superior, ovoid, glabrous, pale greenish-yellow, 4mm long, 2mm in diameter, 3-locular. Placentation axile, ovules(seeds) many. Sepals 5, unequal, to 6mm long, +/-3mm broad, glabrous, acute, spreading to slightly recurved.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Rocky open ground, streambanks, bluffs, wooded slopes, low moist ground, also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species grows wild throughout the majority of Missouri, excluding the northwest corner of the state. The plant is also becoming more popular in cultivation. H. spathulatum is easy to identify becasue of its pom-pom like flowers, shrubby habit, opposite leaves, and shredding bark.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hypericaceae Stems - Suffrutescent, erect to reclining, multiple from base, branching, reddish, glabrous, shrubby, to +/-1m tall. Bark of lower stems often shredding.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile to very short-petiolate, ovate to lance-ovate, acute, entire, shiny green above, grayish-green below, to +5cm long, +/-2.5cm broad, glabrous, thick. Inflorescence - Typicallt single axillary flowers near apex of stems, sometimes cymose. Pedicels to 1.3cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, yellow, distinct, shiny above, obovate, to 3.5cm long, +2cm broad, glabrous. Stamens many (+100), erect. Filaments yellow, glabrous, to 1.8cm long. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, yellow, 5-locular, 1cm long, +/-6mm in diameter, glabrous. Placentation axile, ovules (seeds) many. Styles 5, united near base. Sepals 5, spreading, lance-ovate, 1cm long, 5-6mm broad, glabrous. Margins reddish, strigillose. Capsule ovoid, to 3cm long, -1cm in diameter, glabrous, often reddish, dehiscing by 5 valves.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Rich wooded slopes, open woods, thickets, also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species has the largest flowers of any other Hypericum in Missouri. The flowers are quite showy and thus the plant is gaining popularity in cultivation. It is easy to grow and requires no care once established. This species is rare in the wilds of Missouri, only being collected in a few northern counties. It is, however, commonly found in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月30日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hypericaceae Stems - Multiple from base, erect, to +60cm tall, herbaceous, green to red, branching above in inflorescence, simple below, from woody rhizome, glabrous, with many black glandular punctations.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, oblanceolate to oblong, truncate to emarginate or obtuse at apex, 5-6cm long, 1.5cm broad, with many black glandular punctations below and on margins (punctations below lighter in color than those on margins), glabrous, often turning reddish-purple with age.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cymes. Peduncles to 1.5cm long, with multiple black glandular punctations. Flowers sessile or short-pedicillate, each subtended by a small linear bract to 3mm long. Flowers - Petals 5, yellow with black glandular punctations in lines and dotted, to 5mm long, 1.5mm broad, glabrous, distinct. Stamens many from base of ovary. Filaments 3.2mm long, golden-yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary ovoid, greenish-white, glabrous, 3-locular. Ovules (seeds) many. Styles 3, to +3mm long, glabrous. Stigmas often reddish. Sepals 5, to 3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, with distinct vertical venation, with some black glandular punctations.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Fields, waste ground, moist open woods, moist thickets, prairies, streambanks, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is the smallest flowered member of the genus in Missouri. The flowers only being about 8mm broad. The species is easy to ID because of the prominent black glandular punctations found over most of the plant. The leaves turn a brilliant reddish-purple with age. According to Steyermark, two varieties can be found in Missouri. The plant described above is variety punctatum. Variety pseudomaculatum (Bush) Fern. has larger flower, glaucous triangular leaves which are acute, and longer styles than var. punctatum. Each of these varieties has two forms also. I won't go into the forms here.
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