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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Araliaceae Stems - Solitary from big root, to 50cm tall ,glabrous, green, erect, herbaceous, fragrant.
Leaves - Whorled, 3 or 4 in number, palmately 5-foliate. Petioles glabrous, to 10cm long. Petiolules to +/-2cm long, glabrous, with a shallow adaxial groove. Leaflets to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, abruptly acuminate, double serrate, obovate, glabrous. Inflorescence - Solitary terminal pedunculate umbel with +/-25 flowers. Peduncle to +10cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 3mm in flower, longer in fruit, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals whitish-green, +/-2mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, slightly keeled abaxially, ovate to subulate, rounded at apex. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments glabrous, 2mm long, greenish-white. Anthers whitish, 1.1mm long. Style(s) green, glabrous, to 1.5mm long. Calyx green, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, 5-toothed. Teeth minute, broadly triangular, acute, .5mm long. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, with a nectariferous ring at apex. Drupes red when ripe, to 1cm broad, glabrous.
Flowering - June - July. Habitat - Wooded slopes, moist ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - "Ginseng", as this popular species is often called, is becoming very rare in Missouri and over much of its range due to over-collecting for medicinal use. The plant is believed to have medicinal uses ranging from an being an aphrodisiac to a cancer fighter. Because of the high demand for the plant, it is rarely found growing wild. Populations of this species have been successfully cultivated and this may be its only chance for survival as a species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - Herbaceous, vining, twining, terete, with milky sap, multiple from the base, to many meters long, pubescent with long multicellular hairs and short glandular hairs. Some hairs with pustulate bases.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-10cm long, less pubescent than the stem, terete. Blades ovate, cordate, acute, entire, to +/-20cm long, +/-10cm broad, densely glandular pubescent below (the hairs with the gland below the apex and with a sharp tip), less pubescent adaxially, dull green adaxially, light green abaxially. Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate clusters of 2-10 flowers. Pedicels sparsely short pubescent with the same hairs as the leaves, to 1.5cm long. Pedicels with small subulate bracts at the base (1 per pedicel). Bracts to 1.5cm long, .3mm broad, ciliate-margined.
Flowers - Petals 5, united at the base, spreading, -1cm long, +/-3mm broad at the base, narrowly triangular, entire, olive-green, with a thin light margin, glabrous. Column short (1-1.5mm tall), +/-3mm broad (diameter), green at the apex, subtended by a large yellowish nectary. Pollinia -1mm long (total). Terminator purplish. Pollen sacs greenish (olive). Pistils 2, glabrous, with vertical ribs, 2mm long in flower. Sepals 5, green, subulate-ovate, to +/-3mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, entire, with the apices recurved. Sometimes the sepals with short cilia at the apex.
Flowering - July - August. Habitat - Rocky woods, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This interesting species can be found only in extreme southern Missouri and only in a handful of counties. The plant is not rare, it just reaches the northern edge of its range in Missouri. M. gonocarpa is easy to identify in the field because of its big cordate leaves, vining habit, and greenish star-shaped flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Dioscoreaceae Stems - To +3m long, vining, twining, herbaceous, from thickened tubers, glabrous.
Leaves - Lower leaves in whorls of 4-many, petiolate, upper leaves whorled or alternate. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, thickened at the base. Blades cordate, entire, acute to acuminate, +/-12cm long, +/-10cm broad, typically with 9-11 veins, glabrous, shiny to dull green. Inflorescence - Staminate inflorescences of axillary panicles to +/-10cm long. Axis of inflorescence glabrous. Each division if the panicles typically subtended by small subulate bracts. Bracts to 2mm long. Flowers sessile, typically 2 at a node. Flowers subtended by a broadly ovate bract. Bracts glabrous, scarious in the apical half, 1.2mm long and broad. Pistillate inflorescences not seen.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Perianth segments 6, green, glabrous, spreading, obovate to elliptic, -2mm long, with slightly scarious margins. Stamens 6, adnate at the base of the perianth segments, erect. Filaments green, glabrous, short, .2-.3mm long. Anthers bi-lobed, whitish, .2-.4mm broad. Pistillate flowers not seen.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich and/or rocky woods, talus slopes, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This vine can be found in the southeastern corner of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify because of its whorled leaves. I did not get the chance to take pics of the pistillate inflorescences or flowers last season. Maybe this year... Another species, D. villosa L., is very similar and many botanists think the two should be lumped as one species. Currently they are still separated on differences in their root structure and fruit size. D. villosa is also supposed to have 3 or less leaves at a node whereas D. quaternata has 4 or more. This characteristic doesn't always hold in the field however. Plants found anywhere in Missouri other than the southeast corner of the state are D. villosa.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - Typically erect, +/-60cm tall, often purplish, weakly 4-angled, (the angles rounded), tomentoulose, from a taproot, simple, with milky sap, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short-petiolate, with more than 6 pairs per stem, variable in shape. Petioles 2-3mm long, often with a reddish tinge. Blades typically lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire, (the margins wavy and minutely antrorse strigillose), to +/-9cm long, +/-4cm broad, reduced above, often ascending, pubescent above and below, acute with a slightly hardened tip. Venation anastomosing. Midrib distinctly whitish below.
Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 compound umbels near the apex of the stem. Umbels short-pedunculate, arising from the sides of the stem near the leaf nodes. Peduncles tomentose, 2-3mm long. Pedicels pilose, +/-1cm, long.
Flowers - Petals 5, light green, subulate, reflexed, +/-7mm long, 2.1mm broad, glabrous internally, sparse pubescent externally, sometimes with involute margins. Hoods reduced, not exceeding the anther column, glabrous, light green, -4mm long, +/-1mm broad. Anther column green, white at the apex, 3.5-4mm long. Horns absent. Pollinia 3mm long, long-beaked, translator deep purplish-brown. Pistils 2, 3mm long, greenish-white, glabrous. Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Rocky prairies and glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is common if you explore its preferred habitat. The plant is absent in most of the north-central portions of the state though. The flowers of this species are not as showy as other members of the genus but attract many insects just the same. If you look closely at the close-up flower picture above you can see a partially exserted pollinia which was pulled free by an insect. For more about the pollination of the milkweeds, see the Asclepias syriaca page of this website.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - Glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous, erect, to +/-40cm tall, from a thin rhizome, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, lanceolate, spreading, to 8cm long, 4cm broad, glabrous (margins sometimes ciliate), entire, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a slightly wavy margin. Inflorescence - Single terminal umbel of +/-15 flowers. Umbel nodding. Pedicels to 2cm long, typically pubescent.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish or with some purple tinge, to 9mm long, ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous. Sepals 5, reflexed, green to purplish tinged, to 4mm long, pubescent. Hoods greenish, to 5mm long. Horns arching over and resting upon the anther column.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Prairies and glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking little species is rare in Missouri and is an endangered species in North America. It can be found in just a handful of Missouri counties. The plant responds well in areas that burn regularly and perhaps bringing fire back into management will help make this species more common. It likes rocky open areas with little competition from larger plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Herbaceous, erect, from rhizomes, glabrous, green or becoming purple in the strong sun, ribbed, to +/-35cm tall, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, deeply pinnatifid. Basal leaves to -10cm long, 2-2.5cm broad, with +/-6 main divisions per side. Cauline leaves similar but reduced. All leaves glabrous or with very few short hairs. Divisions of the leaves toothed. Upper leaves with thinner and fewer divisions than the lower. Tissue connecting the divisions of the leaves .2-.3mm broad (use a lens to see). Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +10cm long. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, expanding to +/-1cm long in fruit, glabrous. Inflorescence compact in flower, quickly expanding. Siliques to 1cm long, 1mm in diameter, cylindric but slightly compressed, glabrous, with a beak to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, spatulate, yellow, glabrous, to +4mm long, 1.5mm broad, rounded at the apex. Stamens 6, erect, 4 larger and 2 smaller. Filaments yellow, glabrous, to 3mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Ovary cylindric, green-yellow, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, superior. Style .5mm long. Stigmas globose-capitate, .7mm broad. Sepals 4, distinct, yellow, erect to spreading, cupped, mostly glabrous but often with a few hairs at the apex externally, entire, 2-2.5mm long, to 1mm broad, subulate.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Moist low ground, streambanks, wet fields and meadows. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its yellow flower petals, which are 4-8mm long, and its pinnately divided leaves, which have toothed margins. The wet habitat of the plant and its creeping stems with fibrous roots are other good characteristics to look for.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Decumbent to prostrate, often rooting at nodes, herbaceous, multiple from thin rhizomes, glabrous or with vesicular hairs.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnately lobed, clasping or not, auriculate or not, to 8cm long, 2.5cm broad, glabrous or with few vesicular hairs. Lobes shallow toothed to entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes elongating in fruit to 20cm long. Pedicels 5mm long in flower, to +1cm in fruit, typically at right angles to axis and curved in fruit. Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, glabrous, to 5mm long, +2mm broad, narrowed at base to claw. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments to +3mm long, greenish-yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm broad. Ovary green, glabrous, 3mm long, slightly compressed. Style 1mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, greenish-yellow, to 4mm long, 1.8mm broad at base, glabrous, with scarious margins, erect to spreading, acute. Siliques to 6mm long, few seeded, 2-valved, cylindrical, beaked with persistent style, ascending (curving) towards the axis of the inflorescence.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Moist ground of flood plains, , railroads, disturbed sites. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The fruits of this genus are cylindrical and appear "short and fat" compared to other genus of the family. Technically they are classified as siliques but could be called silicles also. Some of the species in this genus can be difficult to distinguish.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - From long, thick, white roots, glabrous, to +60cm tall, becoming purplish in strong sun, ridged, branching in the upper half, herbaceous, erect, fistulose.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, glabrous. Basal leaves pinnatifid, to 10cm long, 2-3cm broad, divided almost all the way to the midrib. Divisions rounded to subacute, with a minute mucro. Leaves becoming less divided towards and smaller towards the apex of the plant. Leaf tissue cuneate all the way to the base of the petiole and forming two small auricles at the base of the petiole.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit to +/-15cm long. Rachis of the inflorescence glabrous. Pedicels of the flowers 0-1mm long, to 2mm long in fruit, typically spreading perpendicular to the stem in fruit. Flowers - Sepals 4, pale yellow, erect, 2mm long, .5mm broad, glabrous, rounded at the apex, slightly inflated, fugacious. Petals absent or very minute, when present the petals are spatulate, -2mm long, .5mm broad, glabrous, translucent yellow, fugacious. Stamens 4, erect. Filaments glabrous, 2-2.2mm long, translucent-white. Anthers yellow, .3-.4mm broad. Ovary green, glabrous, 1-2mm long in flower, -1mm in diameter, cylindrical, quickly expanding. Style absent. Stigma capitate, .8mm broad. Siliques cylindrical, glabrous, beaked by the persistent style and stigma, to 1cm long, 2-2.5mm in diameter, 2-valved, many-seeded.
Flowering - April - October. Habitat - Bottomland forests, banks of streams and rivers, sloughs, levees, railroads and roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is absent from much of the central Ozark region. Yatskievych speculates that this absence may be due to the lack of muddy habitats in this region. R. sessiliflora can be identified by its habitat, divided lower leaves, minute flowers, and many-seeded fruits. The short pedicels of the fruit are the shortest of any Rorippa species in the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Anacardiaceae Stems - To +2m tall, woody, multiple from base, erect to ascending, fragrant. Branches glabrous below, becoming puberulent to pilose above in new growth. Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, petiolate, deciduous. Petioles to +/-2cm long, pubescent to glabrous. Leaflets sessile, nearly entire to serrate, lobed or not, to +5cm long, +4cm broad, glabrous to densely pubescent, acute to blunt.
Inflorescence - Catkins produced at the end of the growing season, typically 1-1.5cm long and 4mm in diameter but expanding in the spring before anthesis, often in a compound spike. Flowers appearing before leaves or with the first leaves.
Flowers - Polygamodioecious. Petals 5, yellow, to 3mm long, with sparse cilia internally, free. Stamens 5, erect, yellowish. Anthers, .5mm in diameter, yellow-orange. Style 1, 3-lobed. Ovary surrounded by yellow disk. Sepals 5, united at base. Drupes red, subglobose, 5-7mm in diameter, densely pubescent.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Rocky open woods, thickets, glades, bluffs, knobs, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common and highly variable species with 3 varieties in Missouri and many more to our west. The leaves are variable in shape and pubescence. The twigs and branches are variable in pubescence. I won't go into the varieties here but for the most part they are clearly distinguishable in the field. Consult Steyermark if you wish to separate the plant into its varieties. The leaves and stems of the species are fragrant when crushed or bruised. The fruits, as with most of the genus, can be brewed into a tasty tea. The species is also widely cultivated.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月01日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To -2m tall, multiple from base, herbaceous, erect, branching above, hirsute, scabrous, carinate, from caudex.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, pinnatifid to pinnately divided, +/-18cm long, scabrous, hirsute on midrib, with typically 3-11 lobes. Lobes entire to coarsely toothed, often divided again. Basal leaves drying before flowers. Inflorescence - Single flower heads from long(+/-20cm) naked peduncles. Involucre - Phyllaries spreading to reflexed, +/-9mm long, 2mm broad, subulate, antrorse strigose, scabrous.
Ray flowers - Flowers typically 10 in number. Ligule yellow, +/-6cm long, to 1.5cm broad, pubescent below and less so above, notched at apex, spreading to reflexed. Flowers sterile. Achene 2.5mm long, pubescent at apex. Pappus absent.
Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm in diameter, 2cm long, subglobose. Flowers fertile. Corolla tube to 2mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes .2mm long, acute, deep brownish-purple, spreading. Stamens 5. Anthers deep brownish-purple, connate around style. Pollen yellow. Style exserted, bifurcate. Stigma deep brownish-purple. Achene slightly flattened, 3mm long, white, glabrous. Pappus absent. Receptacle 1cm long, 3mm broad, cylindrical. Chaff with purple margins, white below, green at apex, 5mm long, partially surrounding achene. Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Prairies, thickets, woodland edges, streambanks, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is common in the state and easy to ID in the field. The subglobose disk, long ray ligules, and pinnate leaves are good characteristics to look for.
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