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花园 (6)
动态 (3585)
Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Juncaceae Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, herbaceous, cespitose, from fibrous roots, with small bulblets at the base, multiple from the base. Leaves - Basal leaves many, to +6cm long, 5-9mm broad, glabrous above and below but with long pilose margins, green, entire, acuminate. Cauline leaves with a closed sheath, to 7-8cm long, +/-5mm broad, glabrous but with long-pilose margins (especially at joint with the stem), acuminate, 2-4 per stem. Sheaths glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel or panicle of ovoid flower clusters. Clusters to 9mm long, 5-7mm in diameter. Bracts at the base of the peduncles foliaceous, shorter than the peduncles. Peduncles to +2.5cm long, erect to slightly spreading, glabrous. Bracteoles at the base of the flowers white-scarious, glabrous, 3mm long, ovoid-triangular, ciliate-margined, erose, typically 1-3 per flower. Flowers sessile, +/-20 per cluster. Central cluster of the inflorescence often sessile.
Flowers - Sepals and petals 3, similar, green at the base, shiny chestnut-brown and with scarious margins apically, acuminate, to 3mm long, 1mm broad at the base, erect. Stamens 6, opposite the petals and sepals, erect. Filaments green, glabrous, .3mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Ovary superior, globose-ovoid, green, glabrous, .6mm long, .6mm in diameter in flower, 3-locular. Style 1, -1mm long, glabrous, green. Stigmas 3, +1mm long. Capsules shorter than the perianth, 3-seeded.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Dry upland forests, mesic upland forests in ravines, upland prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is found in the southern half of Missouri. It is the only species of its genus in the state. Steyermark listed only one species in the flora, L. bulbosa (A.W. Wood) Smyth. Since that time other species have been reported in the state. The different taxa are now listed as varieties of L. campestris. There are three. See page 480 of "The Flora of Missouri, Volume 1" by Yatskievych for more details on the different varieties.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Cyperaceae Stems - Aerial stems to -1m tall, about 2-3mm broad, erect, herbaceous, trigonous (blunt), uniformly pubescent and roughened over their entire length, from very short, knotty rhizomes.
Leaves - Blades to 60cm long, 3-7mm broad, all basal, present at anthesis, pubescent. Inflorescence - Terminal umbel with 4-12 rays. Each ray to 15cm long, uniformly roughened and short pubescent over the entire length, 1-2mm broad. Bracts of the inflorescence +/-6, shorter than the rays, pubescent at least on the margins, spreading. Spikes 10-18mm long, with 20-100 spikelets. Spikelets dense, sessile, mostly reflexed, the bases of the spikelets not visible.
Flowers - Spikelets 6-8mm long, narrowly linear, acute to acuminate at the apex, terete to somewhat 4-angled, typically with 3 scales, glabrous, typically shed as an intact unit. Scales 4-4.5mm long, strongly overlapping, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, straw-colored to brown. Fertile florets 1-2 per spikelet. Stamens 3. Anthers .5-1mm long. Stigmas 3. Fruits 2.5-3mm long, narrowly oblong in outline, 3-angled in cross-section, with flat sides, brown, shiny, finely pebbled.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Sand prairies, openings of dry upland woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in just a few southeastern Missouri counties. The plant can be identified by its dense spikes and pubescent-roughened stems and inflorescence rays. Another species, C. retrofractus (L.) Torr., is similar but has sharply trigonous stems and inflorescence rays that are smooth to slightly roughened at the apex. This latter species is found in the same area of Missouri as C. plukenetii.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Cyperaceae Stems - Flowering stems to +/-40cm tall, erect, sharply 3-angled, glabrous, light bluish-green, often glaucous, typically single from the base, from creeping rhizomes. Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, to +/-10cm long, 3-7mm broad, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Staminate spikes superior to the pistillate, to 4cm long, -5mm in diameter. Pistillate spikes on short stalks or sessile, to +/-3cm long, 5-9mm in diameter, with 8-30 fruits.
Flowers - Perigynia light green to yellowish or brownish, plump, widest above the middle (obovate), +/-4mm long, -3mm broad, with a slightly bent beak. Styles 3, withering in fruit.
Flowering - March - June. Habitat - Limestone and dolomite glades, bluffs, upland prairies, openings of dry upland forests, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Although this species can be found throughout much of Missouri, it is most common in the Ozark region where it is a characteristic glade and dry upland species. The plant is easy to identify because of its habitat, its light green-blue stems, and its long rhizomes. The plump, light-colored fruits are another good character to use for identification. The plant is sometimes found in more mesic areas and will grow taller and less erect than in the dry locations.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Dryopteridaceae Stems - Rhizomes horizontal, prostrate, with long fibrous roots, compact, sometimes branched. Scales of rhizomes brownish-orange, ovate to linear-lanceolate. Leaves terminating rhizome.
Leaves - To 75cm long, slightly dimorphic, pinnate. Pinnae sub-opposite near base, becoming alternate, serrate (the teeth mucronate), to +5cm long, +1cm broad, lanceolate, typically with a single acute auricle at the base, deep green and glabrous adaxially, lighter green and with tan scaly hairs abaxially. Pinnae of the upper 1/3 of leaf reduced, fertile. Rachis densely scaly (especially at the base). Scales tan, becoming hair-like near apex of leaf. Petiolule of pinnae short, to .5mm long.
Sori - Circular, ferruginous, almost completely covering the abaxial surface of the fertile pinnae. Indusia circular, peltate, to 1.5mm in diameter, scarious. Spores 64 per sporangium.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Wooded slopes, in mesic and dry-mesic forests. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri and is probably the most common fern seen in the state. The leaves recline near the end of the year but remain green throughout the winter. The common name, "Christmas Fern", is so given because the plant stays green all year and because the pinnae resemble small Christmas stockings. American Indians used the rhizomes of the plant to make a tea for chills, fevers, pneumonia, and to induce vomiting.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Pteridaceae Stems - Rhizomes compact, scaly. The scales ferruginous, linear. Leaves - Leaves to 50cm long but often seen much shorter. Rachis deep purplish-brown, densely pubescent (mostly at the base). The hairs ferruginous and curling. Base of hairs often pustulate. Pinnae opposite, with petiolules (except for terminal pinna), the lowest often 1-2 times divided, +/-3cm long, hastate or linear to oblong (depending on fertility), deep green and glabrous adaxially, light green-blue abaxially with a few hairs on the midrib. Margins distinctly revolute and creating a false indusium for the sporangia. Sporangia many, marginal, brown, -.2mm in diameter when coiled, with +/-20(32) spores.
Flowering - Spores produced June - September. Habitat - Crevices of limestone and dolomite outcrops, bluffs, boulders, and sinkholes. Sometimes in dry soils adjacent to dolomite glades.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This small species can be found scattered throughout much of Missouri but is most common in the Ozark region of the state. The plant is almost always found growing from rock crevices. This is an easy species to ID because of its habitat and its distinctive look. Nothing else in our flora resembles it. The pinnae of the fertile leaves are much more long and thin than those of the sterile leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Dryopteridaceae Stems - Rhizomes scaly, horizontal, with fibrous roots, densely reddish-yellow pubescent, 3-4mm in diameter. Scales typically 5-6mm long.
Leaves - From 1-5cm behind the tip of the rhizome, densely clustered, narrowly lanceolate to oblong in outline, to +/-30cm long, 5-6cm broad. Petioles long (+/-15cm), darker brown at the base, greenish apically, with an adaxial groove, when cut transversely 2 vascular bundles are noticeable. Leaves 1-2 pinnate. Pinnae mostly alternate, at right angles to the rachis, typically bipinnatifid, glabrous, serrate.
Inflorescence - Sori originating from the lateral veins on the pinnae, globular, .3mm in diameter. The indusia originating from one side of the sorus, glabrous, small. Typically +/-15 sporangia per sorus.
Flowering - Spores produced April - July. Habitat - Mesic and bottomland forests, rich soils of slopes, ravine bottoms, streambanks, sinkhole bottoms. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This springtime fern can be found throughout Missouri in the habitats mentioned above. It is the only member of its genus in Missouri to not grow from rock ledges or crevices. The plant typically wilts once the daytime temperatures start to really rise but plants can persist until late summer.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Aspleniaceae Stems - Short scaly rhizomes, dark brown. With fibrous, dark roots. Leaves - To 10cm long, pinnately divided twice or three times, green, glabrous. Pinnae alternate, 1-3cm long. Pinnules spatulate, erose or just toothed at the apical margin.
Inflorescence - Sori one to many on the abaxial surface of the pinnae, linear. Indusium attached along one side of the sori. Flowers - No flowers produced. Sporangia black, with 32 spores each.
Flowering - Spores produced May - September. Habitat - Dolomite and limestone bluffs, in cracks and holes in the rock. Origin - Native to U.S. and Europe. Other info. - This neat little fern can be found in the southeastern Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is very easy to ID in the field as nothing else looks like it and it has a very limited habitat. The species is, however, rarely seen by casual observers as it grows along high bluffs and on rocky outcrops.
This is a small plant which would look great in a shaded limestone rock garden.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, scrambling to erect, mostly unbranched, angled, carinate, pubescent (sometimes sparsely), to +1m long, hollow, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, sessile, even-pinnate, to +10cm long, terminated by a branching tendril. Stipules of the lower leaves acute to acuminate, with one or two serrate teeth and a few ciliate hairs, with pointed basal auricles (auricles with ciliate margins), to 1cm long. The stipules each with a translucent spot in the middle. This spot is pubescent abaxially (use a lens to see this). Stipules of the upper leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate, smaller than those of the basal leaves (to 5mm long), mostly entire, purplish, with a translucent spot which is pubescent abaxially. Rachis of the leaves pubescent. Leaflets subopposite to alternate, with petiolules to 1mm long. Leaflets of lower leaves elliptic, truncate at the apex, mucronate, 2-3 pairs per leaf, to +/-2cm long, 1cm broad. Leaflets of the upper leaves linear to linear-oblong, truncate to emarginate at the apex, mucronate, to +2cm long, 5-7mm broad, sparse pubescent above, pubescent to sericeous below, entire, 5-6 pairs per leaf.
Inflorescence - Paired axillary flowers from the upper stems, sometimes in 3's. Pedicels pubescent, 2-3mm long. Flowers - Corolla lilac to pale yellow. Standard to 3cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous. Wing petals adnate to the keel petals in the middle. Keel petals purplish at the apex. All petals glabrous. Stamens diadelphous, the stamen tube glabrous, -1cm long. Style distinctly upcurved, with floccose hairs at the apex, 3-4mm long. Ovary green, somewhat compressed, puberulent. Calyx tube oblique at the base, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, +/-1cm long, 5-lobed. Lobes attenuate, subequal, +/-5mm long, ciliate. Fruits +/-5cm long, 7-10mm broad, strongly compressed, with +/-10 seeds.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This plant is uncommon in Missouri but will certainly expand its range with time. Steyermark reported just one collection of the plant in the state. V. grandiflora is often called the "Yellow-flowered Vetch" but its flowers are typically only yellow when in bud or when first opened. The flowers quickly turn a more pale lilac color once opened. The flowers are solitary, paired, or in 3's in the leaf axils. Like most plants of this genus, this species is weedy.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Anacardiaceae Stems - Typically vines or shrubs, often with aerial roots, rhizomatous, woody, typically reddish in the herbaceous portions. Young shoots densely pubescent to hirsute, greenish. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles densely pubescent. Leaflets ovate, coarsely serrate or lobed to entire, acute to acuminate, glabrous to pubescent above and below. Petiolules of lateral leaflets to 5mm long. Terminal leaflet to +13cm long, +8cm broad, on petiolule to 4cm long. All petiolules densely pubescent.
Inflorescence - Axillary paniculate thryse to +10cm long. Axis of thryse densely pubescent. Pedicels to 2mm long, pubescent. Plants dioecious. Flowers - Petals 5, free, yellowish-green, 1.7mm long, 1.1mm broad, glabrous, oblong, obtuse at apex, spreading to reflexed. Staminate flowers with 5 stamens. Stamens alternating with petals. Filaments whitish to yellowish, glabrous, broader at base than at apex. Anthers orange, 1.2mm long. Pistillate flowers with a globose ovary. Ovary superior, glabrous. Style short, 3-lobed. Pistillate flowers often with staminal vestiges. Stigmas whitish to yellowish. Sepals 5, green with yellow on margins, glabrous, lance-ovate, 1.1mm long, 1mm broad, united at base. Drupes globose, creamy white to tannish, +/-4mm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Prairies, woodlands, glades, waste ground, fence rows, bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads, nearly everywhere. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - As you may have guessed by now, this is the classic "Poison Ivy" that most folks are afraid of. I won't go on and on about how allergenic this plant is but I do want to say that most people are not immediately allergic to the plant. The allergy is acquired through contact over a period of time with the volatile oils in the tissues of the species. It took me 30 years to become only mildly allergic to the plant. The only way to know for sure if your allergic is to come into contact with the plant and see what happens.
Toxicodendron means "Poison Tree". This species is highly variable in leaf shape, leaf pubescence, and growth habit. I won't go into the many varieties here but I will say the plant described above is typical of nearly all of the Missouri material. An old synonym is Rhus radicans L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Orchidaceae Stems - Flowering stem to +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, greenish-brown, glabrous, essentially leafless. Flowering stem from a small corm. Leaves - Basal leaf single, entire (the margins often sinuous), glabrous, to +9cm long, +5cm broad, elliptic to ovate or somewhat cordate, dull to shiny green above (most often with purple spots), shiny purple abaxially, acute to subacute at apex. Purple spots on blade often slightly raised compared to the rest of the leaf tissue. Petiole of leaf to +3cm long, glabrous, purple. Leaves of flowering stem reduced to minute bracts.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to 30cm tall. Pedicels spreading, to 8mm long, glabrous, each flower subtended by a minute scale-like bract. Bracts maroon, .1mm long (use a lens to see).
Flowers - Ovary inferior, 6-7mm long in flower, glabrous, greenish-brown. Sepals 3, spreading, 7-8mm long, 2-3mm broad, glabrous, elliptic, greenish-brown. Petals 3. Lateral 2 petals spreading, 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear-elliptic. Central petal deflexed, 6-7mm long, with 2 basal appendages, lighter in color than the other petals or sepals, glabrous, curled at base (slightly). Spur of central lower lip long, longer than ovary and pedicel combined, +2cm long, fairly straight. Column light green, rounded at apex, 4-5mm long, 1.5mm broad. Pollinia yellow, 1mm broad.
Flowering - July - August. Habitat - Moist soil of mesic forests, stream terraces, tops of shallow sand dunes. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - T. discolor is a relatively new species to Missouri, having only been reported for the first time in 1983. It is believed that this species is expanding its range in the U.S. and the Missouri population may be part of this expansion. The plant can only be found in the extreme southeastern corner of the state. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its distinctive leaves (which appear in the fall, overwinter, and wilt at anthesis) and its plain-colored inflorescences, which appear in the summer. T. discolor is sometimes mistaken for another species, Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl.) Torr., but the latter has a silvery leaf with many veins. Here is a picture of the leaf of Aplectrum.
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