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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To 50cm tall, from caudex and long woody roots, multiple from base, herbaceous, densely villous to hirsute, erect to reclining or sprawling, often reddish-purple, simple to few branching.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, stipulate. Stipules to 11mm long. Leaflets opposite to subopposite, with short petiolules or sessile, 11-25, oblong-elliptic, mucronate to apiculate, to 2.5cm long, 1cm broad, entire, sericeous below, pubescent above, with prominent midrib. Terminal leaflet typically emarginate, cuneate, slightly smaller than lateral leaflets.
Inflorescence - Terminal compact racemes to -10cm long (tall). Pedicels to 1cm long in flower, hirsute to densely villous. Each flower subtended by a bract to +1cm long. Bracts pubescent to villous. Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, bicolored, to +1.5cm long and broad. Standard yellow to tannish, 1.5cm broad, +1.5cm long, with slight purple mottling at base, densely pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Keel and wings pink to rose, to 1.5cm long, glabrous. Stamens monodelphous(but sometimes appearing diadelphous), the tube(filaments) glabrous and white. Ovary canescent, 8-9mm long. Style upcurved, bearded, green, 8mm long. Calyx tube purplish above, green below, canescent externally, glabrous internally, to +3mm long. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes acuminate or attenuate, to 4mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes acuminate to attenuate, to 6mm long. Fruit to +5cm long, 5mm broad, compressed, brownish with some black, canescent.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - T. virginiana is a very striking and important plant. The large roots contain nitrogen fixing bacteria and also rotenone, the latter being used as an insecticide and fish poison. Traditionally, the plant had been used to treat many ailments such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, and bladder troubles. The plant has also been studied in cancer research. Steyermark stated that the plant "does not transplant successfully" and doesn't really take from seed either because of the special relationships and requirements the plant has with the acid soil in which it grows. The pubescence of the leaves can vary from glabrous to sericeous above. The plant is common throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from the northwest corner of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caryophyllaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, from a taproot, erect, typically simple but also branching, retrorse strigillose below, glandular above, mostly hollow, herbaceous, typically with dark viscid patches along internodes in upper portions of stems.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, linear-oblong, entire, acute, glabrous, with strigillose margins, to 5cm long, 6mm broad. Inflorescence - Terminal cymes (dychasia), each division subtended by a pair of linear bracts. Bracts glabrous. Pedicels to 2cm long, glabrous, thin.
Flowers - Apetalous or petals included within the calyx and inconspicuous. Calyx 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, typically 6mm long in flower, quickly expanding. Calyx teeth to 1mm long, ciliolate on margins. Petals 5, white, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.5mm broad. Stamens 10, included. Filaments whitish, glabrous, 4mm long. Anthers whitish, 2-lobed, .3-.4mm long. Ovary green, cylindric, glabrous, superior, 3.1mm long, 1mm in diameter, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many, tuberculate. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, white, 1.2mm long.
Flowering - April - September. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, pastures, fields, waste ground, alluvial woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This interesting little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is typically found with dark viscid patches along the stem which can trap insects. The petals are rarely seen and many times absent all together. Steyermark breaks the species up into 4 forms characterized by whether or not the plant has petals, the color of those petals, and whether or not the plant has the typical viscid patches. These forms integrate too much and are no longer valid.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygonaceae Stems - To -50cm tall, from creeping rhizomes, erect, multiple from base, angled, glabrous, striate, branching above at inflorescence, thin. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, sheathing. Ocrea reddish at base near petiole, the remainder scarious. Petioles to 4cm long, with adaxial groove. Blade hastate, to +3cm long, glabrous, entire. Lateral lobes +/-1cm long, 4-5mm broad, acute. Central lobe +1cm broad, acute. Leaves reduced upward.
Inflorescence - Terminal paniculate arrangement of verticillate racemes to +20cm tall. Pedicels to 2mm long, jointed just below the flower. Plants dioeceous or polygamous.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Sepals 6, in two whorls, to -1mm long, .5mm broad, acute to rounded at apex, scarious, spreading with maturity. Stamens 6. Filaments to .5mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers to -1mm long, yellow. Pistillate flowers - Fruiting sepals green, to +1.5mm long, tuberculate but not with 1-3 large tubercles as seen in other species of the genus. Achene brown, +/-1mm long, 3-sided.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Fields, waste ground, glades, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little plant has spread rapidly throughout Missouri and can be found throughout. The pollen of the plant is a cause of hay fever. The leaves of this species are edible and were used traditionally as treatment for fevers, tumors, scurvy and other ailments. The plant is fairly high in tannins and oxalic acid so care should be taken not to consume it in great quantity.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Anacardiaceae Stems - Woody, to +/-8m tall, typically with a single trunk but forming colonies from stolons, with sticky sap(sap quickly darkening with exposure to air). New seasons twigs densely pilose, tan to slightly reddish. Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate. Petiole and rachis densely pilose, slightly reddish. Petioles to +5cm long. Leaflets opposite, typically 11-31 per leaf, sessile, serrate, acute to acuminate, elliptic-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, pubescent to glabrate and deep green above. Dull green below.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse. Axis and branches of thryse densely pilose. Pistillate inflorescence smaller but much more dense than staminate inflorescence. Pistillate inflorescence to +11cm long(tall), +/-5cm in diameter. Branches of thryse each subtended by a long attenuate bract. Bracts to 2cm long, 2-3mm broad at base, densely pilose. Staminate inflorescence more of a pyramid shape than pistillate. Plants polygamo-dioecious.
Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-yellow, 2.1mm long, oblong to rotund, glabrous, spreading to reflexed. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, acute to acuminate, greenish. Pistillate flowers often with staminal vestiges. Style 3-parted, +/-.5mm long. Stigmas capitate, yellowish. Ovary superior, densely white pubescent. Staminate flowers - Stamens 5, erect, exserted. Filaments whitish, +1.2mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Drupes brilliant red, pubescent, to 5mm in diameter.
Flowering - June - July. Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to roadsides, disturbed sites and waste ground. Origin - Native to eastern U.S. Other info. - This species is becoming common in some parts of the state and can be found in the habitats mentioned above. The species quickly spreads by means of stolons and can form large colonies. The fruits of the plant persist through winter and are eaten by wildlife. The fruits are also popular with humans and can be brewed into a tea. Traditionally the tea was used for medicinal purposes. A similar species, R. glabra L. grows wild in Missouri and is very common. R. glabra has glabrous stems, leaf petioles, and inflorescences.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Anacardiaceae Stems - Woody, single or multiple from base, branching, to 3m tall, reddish, glabrate, with lenticels. New seasons growth puberulent to tomentose.
Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate. Petiole reddish above(adaxially), green below(abaxially), puberulent to tomentose, to 6cm long. Rachis between leaflets winged. Wings to 4mm broad, shiny green. Leaflets 5-11, sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, entire, acute to acuminate, often slightly oblique at base, puberulent on midrib and veins above, pubescent below, deep green above, dull green below, to +7cm long, +3.5cm broad. Terminal leaflet sometimes divided, abruptly contracted at base and appearing to have a petiolule.
Inflorescence - Terminal thryse to +15cm long. Axis and branches of thryse tomentose. Plants polygamodioecious. Flowers - Petals 5, greenish-yellow, 2.1m long, 1.2mm broad, with minutely ciliolate margins, spreading to reflexed. Sepals 5, pubescent, broadly ovate, green, 1mm long, 1mm broad. Pistillate flowers - Style 3-parted, .5mm long, yellow, thick, sparse pubescent. Stigmas capitate, yellow-orange. Ovary globose, tomentose to puberulent, .9mm in diameter. Staminal vestiges often present in pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers - Stamens 5, erect, exserted, alternating with petals. Filaments white, to 1.5mm long. Anthers yellow-orange, 1mm long. Drupes to 4mm in diameter, reddish, with simple and glandular pubescence.
Flowering - May - November. Habitat - Prairies, thickets, open woods, glades, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is common throughout most of Missouri with the exception of most of the northern counties. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its winged leaves and the fact that it is a more compact species than any other Rhus in this state. The leaves turn a brilliant crimson red in the fall. Like many of the genus, this plant was used by indians to treat ailments such as dysentery and mouth sores.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polygalaceae Stems - To +20cm tall, erect, single from the base, from a small taproot, herbaceous, dichotomously branching, purplish near the base, 4-angled, glabrous. Leaves - At least the most basal sets whorled, all leaves sessile, glabrous, entire, acute, linear-lanceolate, with single costa, to +/-2.5cm long, +4mm broad. Upper leaves reduced to bracts by the inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral indeterminate racemes, to +2cm long, 5mm in diameter. Pedicels to .6mm long. Pedicels and axis glabrous. Flowers - Petals 3, united into a 3-lobed tube, folded around the pistil and stamens, purplish at the apex. The middle lobe fringed (with 5 fringes). Stamens minute, 6-8, adnate to the corolla tube, in two rows. Anthers yellow. Ovary superior, green, subglobose to compressed, glabrous, 1mm long, 2-locular, 2-ovuled. Sepals 5, unequal. The uppermost sepal to 1mm long, green, acute. The lower 2 sepals -1mm long, with a purple midvein, acute. The lateral 2 sepals ovate, whitish-green, with a purple midvein, to 1.5mm long. Capsules to +2mm long. Seeds black, pilosulous, to +2mm long.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Rocky glades, prairies, open woods, fallow fields, eroded open slopes, upland flats, typically in acid soils. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. This is an easy species to overlook in the field as it is small and non-distinct.
Steyermark breaks the Missouri material into 5 varieties based on leaf arrangement and size, inflorescence size, flower color, and branch arrangement. The variety described above is most likely variety isocycla Fern., which is the most common variety found in Missouri. Some varieties integrate but others are more readily separated. I won't go into the rest of the varieties here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Plantaginaceae Stems - Plants acaulescent, from a big taproot. Leaves - All basal, linear to linear-oblong, mostly entire but with a few small whitish tubercles on each margin, glabrous to sparse pilose adaxially, pilose abaxially, with 2-4 main side nerves (nerves run parallel to the midrib), dull-green, to 17cm long, -1cm broad, rounded to subacute at the apex.
Inflorescence - Many long-pedunculate flower spikes. Scapes to 30cm long, terete, solid, green, antrorse appressed pubescent in the upper 2/3, pilose at the base. Spikes to 7-8cm long, +/-8mm in diameter, very densely-flowered. Rachis densely pilose. Each flower subtended by 1 subulate bract. Bracts 4-5mm long, 1-1.7mm broad, green with translucent margins. Margins pilose basally.
Flowers - Sessile. Sepals 4, joined at the base, green with large translucent margins, rounded at the apex, to +4mm long, 2mm broad, pilose externally, glabrous internally, completely enveloping the ovary of the flower. Ovary green, glabrous, shiny, 4mm long, +2mm in diameter, with a transverse suture in the basal 1/3, 2-celled. Corolla 4-lobed, translucent. The two lateral lobes larger than the dorsal and ventral lobes, to +3mm long, 2-3mm broad, rounded at the apices, glabrous. Corolla tube short (-1mm long) ferruginous. Stamens 4, adnate to the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, only the anthers exserted. Anthers yellow, .6mm long, .3mm broad, sagittate. Style absent. Stigma included, 1-1.5mm long.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste places, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species has been reported in just two Missouri counties (St. Louis and Scott) and is much more common in the southeastern U.S. The plant can be identified by its long, thin leaves, pubescent flowering scapes, and pilose calices.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Plantaginaceae Stems - Plant acaulescent, from a taproot, herbaceous. Flowering scapes to +20cm tall, erect, solid, multiple from the base, simple, hispid.
Leaves - In a basal rosette, spatulate to oblanceolate or obovate, rounded to subacute at the apex, tapering to the base, to +/-15cm long, +/-4cm broad, typically hispidulous above and below but sometimes sparse pubescent. Lateral veins arising from the base of the blade, parallel to midrib. Petioles typically purplish at the base. Margins entire to shallow toothed.
Inflorescence - Terminal scapose spike to 5cm long, 8mm in diameter. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts sessile, scarious-margined, hispid abaxially, glabrous adaxially, to 2mm long. Flowers - Corolla 4-lobed. Corolla tube to 2.1mm long, scarious, glabrous. Corolla lobes to 1.5mm long, brownish-scarious, spreading in flower, erect and convergent in fruit. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, erect to spreading, well exserted. Filaments translucent, glabrous, to 3-5mm long. Anthers yellow-purple, 1mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, globose, .7mm in diameter. Style 1, pubescent, 4-5mm long, exserted. Sepals 4, ovate-elliptic, scarious with a green midvein, +2mm long, 1.7mm broad, hispid abaxially, with ciliolate margins.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Fallow fields, pastures, glades, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to the U.S. Other info. - This variable species can be found throughout Missouri and is very common. The plant can be difficult to identify in the field sometimes because it is very variable in leaf size, shape, and toothing, pubescence, and scape size.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Plantaginaceae Stems - Acaulescent. Flowering spikes and peduncles to +20cm tall, from taproot, hirsute to villous, herbaceous.
Leaves - Basal, linear-spatulate to linear, parallel-veined, to +10cm long, -1cm broad, entire, acute to rounded at apex, hirsute to villous, the base gradually tapering to the petiole. Inflorescence - Dense terminal spike to +8cm long, 8mm in diameter. Flowers subtended by sepallike bract.
Flowers - Corolla 4-lobed, scarious, zygomorphic, salverform. Lobes spreading, 2mm long, glabrous. Stamens 2, short, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Anthers copper-brown. Sepals 4, densely pilose to sericeous externally, glabrous internally, to 3mm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, 2-locular. Capsules to 2.2mm long, circumsissle.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Loess hills, glades, dry prairies, waste ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little plant is found naturally in a few western counties of Missouri and has been introduced into a couple of scattered counties also. The plant is fairly easy to ID in the field as it has densely sericeous flowering spikes and long, thin, villous leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Plantaginaceae Stems - Acaulescent to short-stemmed (in old plants). Flowering stems to +/-40cm tall, herbaceous, erect to ascending, multiple from base, from a taproot. Leaves - Basal, linear, arachnoid pubescent to lanate abaxially, glabrous and deep green above, tapering at base ends, to +15cm long, -1cm broad, slightly scabrous, entire, acute.
Inflorescence - Scapose spikes. Spikes to +12cm long, 7-8mm in diameter. Scape to +16cm long, antrorse strigose (the hairs pustulate at the base and giving the scape a scabrous feel). Each flower subtended by an aristate bract. Bracts to +/-3cm long, 2mm broad, densely arachnoid pubescent at base.
Flowers - Corolla scarious, 4-lobed, 3-4mm broad. Lower lobe deflexed, lateral lobes reflexed. Lobes ferruginous at base. Stamens 4, alternating with the corolla lobes, exserted. Anthers yellow, sagittate, .2-.3mm long. Style exserted, 1.5mm long. Ovary glabrous, shiny green, 3mm long, 2mm in diameter, ovoid, with transverse groove. Placentation axile. Seeds 2. Sepals 4. Front two sepals green, densely pilose, with minutely scarious margins (less than .2mm broad), minutely glandular pubescent internally, oblong, round at apex, to 3mm long, 1.3mm broad. Rear two sepals mostly scarious but with a green midrib, scarious portion to 1mm broad.
Flowering - May - November. Habitat - Pastures, glades, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of the large aristate bracts which it has on the inflorescence. The plant can be variable in size and pubescence.
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