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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Crassulaceae Stems - To -1m tall, branching, erect, from fibrous stoloniferous roots, scabrous to glabrous, with ferruginous glandular pubescence near apex, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to very short-petiolate, serrulate, glabrous, lance-elliptic, acute to acuminate at apex, tapering to base, to +/-12cm long, +/-3.5cm broad. Inflorescence - A terminal branching cyme with 2-6 branches. Flowers secund on upper side of branches. Axis of inflorescence densely glandular pubescent. Flowers on pedicels to 2mm long.
Flowers - Typically apetalous. Sepals 5, green, acute, 1.1mm long, typically glabrous, persistent in fruit. Stamens 10. Filaments to 2mm long, pinkish. Anthers yellowish-pink, .8mm long. Carpels 5(7), white and glabrous in flower, in a ring, to 4mm long. Placentation free central. Styles to 1.2mm long, persistent in fruit as beak. Capsule 5-horned, circumsissle below the beaks, glabrous, greenish-brown to reddish. Seeds many, .7mm long, tuberculate.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Wet soils, flood plains, ditches, submerged or marginal. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Penthorum can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common but frequently overlooked. The flowers are anything but showy, however, the fruits are interesting. The plant was used traditionally by Indians to treat such ailments as diarrhea, dysentery, tonsillitis and bronchitis.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Monotropaceae Stems - To +20cm tall, simple, nodding at apex, from fleshy roots, sub-succulent, yellowish, short pubescent, with slightly pungent odor when crushed or bruised. Leaves - Alternate, reduced and scalelike, to 1.3cm long, 5mm broad, typically lance-ovate, glabrous, with erose margins.
Inflorescence - Terminal racemes of few flowers. Each flower subtended by leaflike bract. Pedicels 1-8mm long in flower, densely short pubescent. Flowers nodding or druping at first but erect later.
Flowers - Petals 4-5, 1.1cm long, 4.5mm broad at apex, pale yellowish to tan, broadest at apex, short pubescent externally and internally. Stamens 8-10 (twice as many as petals), typically included. Filaments inserted in grooves on ovary, white, glabrous, 7mm long. Anthers reddish, .4mm broad. Style 1, yellow, 2.1mm long, 1mm in diameter. Stigma capitate (flattened), 2.5mm broad. Ovary 4mm tall (long) and broad, 4-locular. Placentation axile. Sepals 4-5, erect, distinct, 8-9mm long, 2-3mm broad at apex, pale yellow to tannish, short pubescent on margins, erose at apex. Capsules erect, to 8mm long, with persistent style. Seeds many.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Rich to dry woods, along streams, ravines, alluvial soils. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This diminutive plant is not commonly seen. It is found in a small number of counties throughout Missouri. The plant is saprophytic on decaying vegetation and the mycelia of fungi. The stems of the plant can be yellowish-brown to reddish (when the plant is in fruit). Another species, M. uniflora L., is nearly white and has only one flower terminating each stem.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Amaranthaceae Stems - To 60cm tall, from taproot, branching at base, ascending or slightly procumbent, herbaceous, erect, arachnoid pubescent.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, mostly at base of plant, linear-oblong, entire, arachnoid pubescent below, sericeous above (the hairs swollen basally), acute, to +7cm long, -1cm broad. Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral spikes. Lateral spikes sessile. Bracts subtending flowers densely lanate, pinkish-tinged at apex.
Flowers - Apetalous. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, pinkish-tinged, densely lanate, 2.2mm long(in flower). Stamens 5, included. Filaments connate and forming a tube. Anthers yellow, .2-.3mm long. Ovary and style compressed. Ovary ovoid-rotund. Style scarious-green, .4mm long. Stigma capitate, globose. Fruiting calyx to +3mm long, with 2 rows of spines. Urticle with a single spine.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Glades, sandy open ground, streambanks, gravel bars, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Most plants from the Amaranthaceae have flowers which are very difficult to decipher without a good scope or lens. The flower parts are very small and typically indistinct. F. gracilis is no exception, but it is, however, easy to ID in the field because of its basally branching habit and wooly-arachnoid stems and flowers. Another species, F. floridana (Nutt.) Moq. is found in Missouri and the two species hybridize. F. floridana has thicker stems, broader leaves, and doesn't typically branch at the base. Both species can be found in many scattered counties throughout Missouri. F. gracilis is found in quantity on the gravel bars in the Ozarks. The spiny fruits can be the cause of much discomfort for sandal-wearers in the area.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - From a single taproot, multiple from the base, branching, prostrate, herbaceous, terete, pilose at the base, moderately pilose to hirsute above, green to (more commonly) red, with milky sap, to +30cm long, forming mats.
Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate. Petioles to 1mm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades oblique at the base, typically oblong to oblong-ovate, dull dark green above, whitish-green below, sometimes with a dark red splotch in the center, with few to many hairs above, much more hairy below, appearing entire but actually with shallow teeth along the entire margin, rounded at the apex, to +/-1.4cm long, +/-5mm broad. Main veins of the leaf all arising at the base of the blade, typically 3.
Inflorescence - Typically a single cyathium per leaf axil, appearing dense because of the short internodes of the upper stems. Flowers - Involucre of the cyathium green, -2mm long, glabrous or sparse strigose, with 4 glands at the apex. Glands olive green, with small white to pinkish appendages. Appendages to .5mm broad, .3-.4mm long. Cyathia with a few hairs at the apex internally. Stamens 1-2 per cyathium. Filaments white, glabrous, .5-.7mm long. Anthers yellowish with some red, bilobed, .3mm broad. Capsule usually at 90 degrees to the cyathium, strigose, green, to -2mm long, 3-locular. Styles 3, .4-.5mm long, translucent, divided in apical 1/3 - 1/4, glabrous. Seeds 1-1.1mm long, brownish-purple when mature, with weak crossed ridges between the angles. Ridges coarse and few.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, cultivated ground, along sidewalks and streets, roadsides, railroads, glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri and is quite common. It is one of the most common weeds in the state and in the eastern U.S. The plant is easy to ID because of its prostrate habit, opposite leaves and hairy stems. It can form large, circular mats nearly 1m or more in diameter. The milky sap of this species and many plants in the family can be irritating or even toxic to some people so be careful when handling the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - From a taproot, multiple from the base, branching, erect to ascending, herbaceous, sparsely papillose-hispid and pubescent, to 60cm long(tall), terete, with milky sap. Some of the hairs are multicellular.
Leaves - Mostly opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +1.5cm long, pubescent as the stem, with a shallow adaxial groove. A small cluster of minute glands is often present at the base of each petiole. The glands often brownish. Blades irregularly dentate to subentire, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, to +3cm broad, 8cm long, pubescent above and below, dull green above, bluish green below.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cluster of cymules. Pedicels to 1.5mm long, glabrous. Flowers - Involucre (at anthesis) whitish-green, 3mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed, with a single cupulate nectary, (nectary green, to 1.2mm long). Lobes fimbriate and often with a pinkish tinge. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.2mm in diameter (at anthesis). Styles 3, white, glabrous, spreading, to 1mm long, divided nearly to the base and appearing as 6. Anthers bi-lobed, yellow, .5mm broad. Filaments white, glabrous, distinctly jointed in the apical 1/4. Stamens +/-30 per flower. Capsules 3-lobed, glabrous, 3-seeded.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Prairies, glades, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is fairly inconspicuous because of its indistinct flowers. It is closely related to the every popular Poinsettia that many people like to buy around the winter holidays. Be careful with the sap of this plant and most from this genus and it can be irritating to the skin and eyes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - North and East-facing slopes of ravines, mesic, upland woods. Origin - Native to U.S., Europe, and Asia. Other info. - This showy and striking species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is just one of a larger complex of plants which occur in Europe, Asia, and North America. At present, two varieties are recognized in Missouri. Variety parviflorum (Salisb.) Fernald has a corolla lip 2-3cm long, and 4-6 leaves per flowering stem. Variety pubescens (Willd.) Correll has a corolla lip 3-6cm long and 3-4 leaves per flowering stem. Both varieties are commonly scattered throughout the state. A rare white form of var. parviflorum has been collected in Missouri in a couple of southern counties.
Due to its beauty, the plant has been dug for gardening use and the species has declined in the wild. The roots are also collected for medicinal use. The plant was used traditionally to remedy headaches, hysteria, insomnia, depression, and menstrual irregularities.
It would be a shame to see this species decline more in the wild because of harvesting. Plants will grow from seed and pods can be easily collected in the late summer.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +25cm tall, from a taproot, erect, herbaceous, fistulose, appressed pubescent (with malpighian hairs).
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate at the base, sessile above. Margins with a few shallow teeth. Blades densely appressed pubescent, tapering at the base, acute, to +6cm long, -1cm broad, linear to linear-lanceolate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme. Pedicels to 5mm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, erect, with pubescence as the stem. Flowers - Petals 4, clawed, distinct. Claw yellow, to +/-1cm long. Limb orange, sub-orbicular, to 9mm long, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments greenish-white, glabrous, compressed, 1cm long. Anthers greenish, 2mm long. Ovary densely appressed pubescent (the hairs forked and arranged vertically), 1cm long. Style short, 1.1mm long. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, erect, 9-10mm long, to 2mm broad, linear-oblong, gibbous at the base, glabrous internally, pubescent as the stem externally, light green, often slightly keeled. Siliques beaked, pubescent as the ovary, erect, mostly parallel to the axis of the inflorescence.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Limestone bluffs, glades, rocky open ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This biennial species is certainly the most showy of the genus in Missouri. It can be found mainly in the north-central Ozark region and is mostly restricted to the habitats mentioned above. The plant would be a good garden subject and will grow from seed.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Cornaceae Stems - A tree to +/-10m tall. Bark with square fissures. Twigs deep green to red, with malpighian hairs, opposite.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, pubescent as stem and sparse pilose. Blades ovate, entire, acute to acuminate, appressed pubescent above, densely appressed pubescent below with pilose hairs on the veins below, to +/-13cm long, +/-7cm broad, entire. Veins of leaves impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially. A silky thread is present when the leaves are pulled apart lengthwise.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower cluster from between leaves of new seasons growth. Flowers appearing with or just before the leaves. Peduncle to 3.5cm long, densely pubescent as the stem, light green or with some red at base. Flowers +/-20 per cluster. Flowers - White (sometimes pink) bracts subtending the flowers to +3cm long, 2.5cm broad, obcordate. Floral tube densely pubescent as stem, to 3mm long, 1.5mm in diameter, 5-lobed. Sepals 4, acute, .6-.7mm long. Petals 4, yellow-green, glabrous, 4mm long, pubescent as stem internally, glabrous externally. Stamens 4, exserted, erect, alternating with the petals. Filaments glabrous, whitish-green, 2-2.5mm long. Anthers 1.2mm long. Style green, 2.1mm long, pubescent as stem. Ovary inferior, 2-locular. Placentation axile.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Wooded slopes, ravines, bluffs, ridges, thickets, typically in acid soils. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking tree can be found growing wild in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. It is, however, widely cultivated throughout the rest of the state. A form with pink flowers, form rubra (Weston) Palm. & Steyerm., can be seen frequently in cultivation but less so in the wild. Here it is.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Bottoms, along streams, ravines, base of bluffs, wet woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This common tree can be found throughout most of Missouri in the habitats mentioned above. Although commonly seen as a small shrub, the plant is capable of growing into a tree some 15m tall. Here is an old picture of a tree.

A. triloba produces an edible fruit which tastes a little like a banana when ripe. The fruits are commonly eaten by wildlife and seldom harvested by humans. The seeds of the fruit contain alkaloids and are toxic. Crushed seeds were traditionally used as an insecticide by settlers. Ingested seeds have a calming effect.
The leaves of the plant have the smell of roasted peppers or used motor oil and are insecticidal also. The bark of Asimina can be woven in to rope or made into clothing.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月02日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - Stout, erect, herbaceous, to 1.5m tall, 4-angled (the angles rounded), tomentoulose, with milky sap. Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long. Blades to +/-20cm long, +/-10cm broad, entire, tomentose (tomentoulose) and light green below, darker green and sparse tomentoulose above, often with purplish midrib adaxially, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, rounded at base, acute at apex. Veins of the leaf anistomosing before the margins of the leaf (best viewed abaxially).
Inflorescence - Axillary, pedunculate, globose umbels on the apical 1/2 of the stem. Peduncles to +/-6cm long, tomentose. Flowers +/-100 per umbel. Pedicels tomentose, to 4cm long, typically with some purplish tinge.
Flowers - Petals 5, reflexed, subulate, to 9mm long, 3-4mm broad, acute, entire, glabrous internally, pubescent externally. Hoods creamy whitish-purple, 4-5mm tall, attached basally to column, glabrous. Horns to 2mm long, whitish-purple, curved inward and touching the top of the anther column. Column dark purple and whitish at the apex, 2-3mm long and broad. Anther sacs 2mm long, connective dark purplish-brown. Sepals 5, green, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, reflexed, shorter than the petals.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Fields, open woods, roadsides, railroads, waste ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This robust species can be found throughout most of Missouri but seems to be uncommon in the south-central portion of the state. Like the majority of the milkweeds, this species bleeds a profuse amount of milky sap when injured. The plant is toxic if ingested. This species can be mistaken with another, A. purpurescens L., but the latter has more purple flowers, inflorescences which are at the apex of the plant, and smooth fruits. The fruits of A. syriaca have small protuberances on them. Both species are quite striking and are visited frequently by insects in search of nectar. Plants of the genus Asclepias have their pollen gathered in small sacs known as pollinia. The pollinia are buried within the other flora organs and cannot be seen without dissecting the flowers. As insects crawl amongst and feed upon the flowers of Asclepias their feet and appendages slip into slits in the gynostegium of the flower and get snagged on these pollinia. The pollinia will then be carried by the insects to other flowers on different plants to assure varied pollination. This amazing process can be seen in the picture below as a small larva feeding upon the flowers of A. syriaca can be seen with a pair of pollinia attached to one of its feet.
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