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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Leaves - Alternate, the basal long petiolate, the cauline sessile. Petioles of the basal leaves to +20cm long, purplish at the base, with a narrow but deep adaxial groove, arachnoid pubescent at the base and sparse pubescent throughout, shaped like a diamond in cross section. Blades of the basal leaves becoming very large, cordate to truncate at the base, shiny deep-green above, light green below, crenate, sparse arachnoid pubescent to glabrous below, glabrous above. Cauline leaves few, becoming sessile and pinnately lobed (lyrate pinnatifid), pubescent as the basal leaves.
Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform cluster of flower heads to +/-10cm broad. Peduncles carinate, glabrous or sparse arachnoid pubescent. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a linear-subulate bract. Bracts with some arachnoid pubescence near the base. Involucre - Cylindric to urceolate, +/-8mm long, 4mm in diameter (in flower), uniseriate but with a few small bracts at the base. Phyllaries linear, .5mm broad, united, green, sparse arachnoid pubescent externally, glabrous internally, acute, often brown at the very tip.
Ray flowers - Flowers +/-8 per head. Ligule yellow, -1cm long, 3mm broad, oblong-elliptic, 3-toothed at the apex (the teeth .4mm long), glabrous. Corolla tube 4mm long, white, glabrous. Style yellow apically white basally, bifurcate, exserted for about 1mm, the apices spreading and 1mm long. Pappus of white capillary bristles, uniseriate, to 5mm long. Achenes white in flower, cylindric, +2mm long, 4-sided. Disk flowers - Disk 7mm broad. Receptacle flat. Corolla tube of florets 5-6mm long, white basally, yellow apically, contracted in the basal 2/3-3/4, expanded at the apex, glabrous in and out, 5-lobed. Lobes acute spreading, .75mm long and broad, triangular. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the expanded portion of the corolla tube. Filaments 1.2mm long, glabrous, translucent-white, very thin at the base, expanded in the apical portion. Anthers 2mm long, yellow, connate around the style. Style partially exserted beyond the anthers, glabrous, whitish basally, yellow apically, to 7mm long, bifurcate in the apical 1mm. Stigmas capitate, small. Pappus and achenes as the ray flowers.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Moist or low ground along spring branches, streams, wet ledges, and bluffs. Also in low wet woods and wooded ravines. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species can be found scattered throughout much of Missouri but is most common in the southeastern half of the state. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its numerous yellow flowers, big basal leaves, wet habitat, and stoloniferous growth. The plant can form large colonies when left untouched. The big basal leaves can get up to 20cm broad and are cordate to truncate at the base. The pubescence of the plant is variable.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, multiple from base, from taproot, fragrant.
Leaves - Mostly in a basal rosette, pinnately divided (pinnatifid), to +3.5cm long, 7mm broad. Divisions typically 3-lobed, glabrous, 13-14 pairs per leaf. Lobes acute.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme, compact in flower, elongating in fruit to +7cm long. Pedicels to 2.5cm long(in flower), glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, glabrous, 1.3cm long, to 5mm broad at apex, spatulate to oblanceolate, emarginate at apex, glabrous. Stamens 6, erect, subtended by small green nectaries. Filaments to 6mm long, yellow, glabrous. Anthers 1.2mm long, yellow-orange. Ovary on small gynophore (to 1mm long), 3mm long, glabrous, green, narrowly ovoid. Style to -4mm long, greenish-yellow. Sepals 4, slightly gibbous at base, greenish at first but becoming yellow, glabrous, 5-6mm long, to 3mm broad, acute, entire. Silique erect, highly compressed, to +2cm long, +7mm broad, beaked by persistent style, glabrous, light green with darker margins.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Glades, rocky prairies, waste ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This small, striking species can be found in a handful of west-central counties in the state. The plant can be found in large colonies and the brilliant yellow flowers light up their glade habitat. The plant is easy to I.D. in the field because of its pinnatifid leaves and striking flowers. S. aurea would make a magnificent garden subject in the right conditions were provided.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Erect, to +2m tall, branching, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, hirsute to strigose, reddish-green. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, sessile above, scabrous, strigose. Lower leaves 3-lobed, scabrous, to +/-15cm long, +/-10cm broad. Upper leaves becoming simple, coarse serrate, attenuate, wih ciliate margins, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Tissue of leaves abruptly contracted at base and winging petiole.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of single flower heads terminating stem branches. Involucre - Phyllaries to +/-1cm long, 2.5mm broad at base, in single series, recurving, ciliate-margined, typically 8 in number, scabrous, pubescent to strigose.
Ray flowers - Ligule yellow, to +/-2cm long, 7mm broad, notched at apex, glabrous to sparse appressed pubescent below, glabrous above. Achenes to 1.1mm long in flower, glabrous, white, somewhat compressed. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Flowers sterile. Disk flowers - Disk to 1.2cm in diameter. Corolla deep purple, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 2.5mm long, glabrous. Lobes acute, .8mm long. Style bifurcate, deep purple. Achene 2mm long in flower, white, glabrous, 4-angled, black in fruit. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Receptacle conic. Chaff whitish below, deep purple at apex, glabrous, to 5.5mm long, acuminate.Flowering - June - November. Habitat - Low wet woods, thickets, rocky slopes, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a tall, much-branched plant. The flowers are smaller than any other Rudbeckia in Missouri but the plant is still striking. It would do well in cultivation but it has a tendency to drop its leaves at anthesis and can look pretty ragged. A slightly moist soil will prevent this. Our plants belong to var. triloba. A southeastern variety, var. pinnatiloba T.& G., has lower leaves with 5-7 lobes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1.2m tall, from thick rhizomes, carinate, tomentose, branching above, herbaceous, erect. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, 3-lobed (simple in upper-most portion of plant), subtomentose below, scabrous above. Lateral lobes smaller than terminal lobe, serrate, acute to acuminate. Terminal lobe serrate, lance-ovate, acuminate. Leaves thick and firm. Petioles subtomentose.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flower heads. Peduncles tomentose. Each division of inflorescence subtended by foliaceous bract. Involucre - Phyllaries tomentose, spreading, linear-subulate, in several series, to +/-1.2cm long, -3mm broad.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligule yellow, to 3.5cm long, 6-7mm broad, pubescent below, glabrous above. Achenes 3-angled, 1.2mm long. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Disk flowers - Disk to 1.6cm in diameter. Corolla tube 2mm long, 5-lobed, glabrous, purplish-brown. Lobes acute, recurved to spreading. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers connate around style, purplish-brown, 1.3mm long, slightly exserted from corolla. Style bifurcate, deep purple. Achene 2.2mm long (in flower), white, glabrous, 4-angled. Pappus absent or a minute crown. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 5mm long, purplish, pubescent at apex.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Prairies, low meadows, open slopes, streambanks, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common plant throughout most of Missouri.The flowers are easily recognized as are the thick, rough, 3-lobed leaves. Two forms of R. subtomentosa exist in Missouri. The form pictured above is form subtomentosa, which has purplish-brown disk flowers. Form craigii (Sherff) Fern. has yellow disk flowers and is rare. This is NOT the plant typically called "Black-eyed Susan", that plant is the similar R. hirta L.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +/-60cm tall, from a stout rhizome and thick-fleshy roots, hirsute, scabrous (the hairs with swollen bases), multiple from the base, erect, branching at the apex, slightly angled or not. Leaves - 1st year leaves in a basal rosette. Leaves petiolate. Petioles very slightly winged, +/-5cm long. Blades linear-oblong to linear-spatulate, appearing entire but actually shallow serrate, with a single midrib and 2 prominent lateral veins arising near the base of the blade and becoming parallel with the midrib, pubescent as the stem, to 15cm long (with petiole), 1.4cm broad. Teeth of margins with a minute yellow or yellowish-green tip.
Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower head terminating each stem. The peduncle hollow below the receptacle. Involucre - Basically flat to cupulate, -2.5cm broad. Phyllaries imbricate, in 2-3 series, lanceolate, to +1cm long, 4mm broad, spreading, sparse pubescent internally, pubescent as the stem externally.
Ray flowers - 10-13 per flower head, sterile. Ligules yellow, pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with a shallow notch at the apex, to 2.3cm long, 6-7mm broad. Achene (in flower) white, 3-sided, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Pappus absent. Disk flowers - Disk to 1.5cm broad. Corollas glabrous 4-5mm long, white at the base, deep purplish brown above, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, to 1mm long, erect to spreading. Stamens 5, mostly included, adnate near the base of the corolla tube. Filaments compressed, 1.2mm long, translucent, with an obvious midvein. Anthers deep purplish-brown, -2mm long, connate at the base, surrounding the style. Style glabrous, slightly exserted, white basally, deep purplish brown at the apex, bifurcate. Achene (in flower) 4-sided, white, glabrous, 2mm long. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff partially enclosing the disk flowers, to +5mm long, translucent but with purple margins near the apex, acute, glabrous or with a few hairs externally.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Glades, barrens, bald knobs, rocky prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a characteristic Missouri Ozark species. It is quite common in the habitats mentioned above and is therefore easy to identify in the field because of its habitat. Hundreds of plants can be found in an undisturbed area. This species grows on limestone substrata.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 3m tall, from fibrous and fleshy roots, erect, branching, single or multiple from the base, slightly fragrant, glabrous, glaucous, herbaceous. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, reduced to bracts in inflorescence and often unlobed near the apex of the plant. Petioles to +10cm long, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades deeply lobed (the lobes often divided again), to +/-25cm broad, +/-40cm long. Lobes serrate, deep green above, light green below, glabrous but the margins of the serrations often antrorse strigillose. The lateral venation splitting at the base of the sinuses.
Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of terminal flowerheads, bracteate. Peduncles to 15cm long. Involucre - Flat, to -3cm broad. Phyllaries unequal, some or all reflexed, linear oblong, in one or two series, to 1.5cm long, -6mm broad, acute, green, glabrous. Ray flowers - +/-9 per flowerhead, sterile. Ligule yellow, antrorse appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with a single notch at apex, oblong-elliptic, 1.3cm broad, +/-4cm long. Achenes 3mm long in flower, glabrous, angled.
Disk flowers - Disk to 2cm in diameter, conic to globose. Corolla yellow, glabrous, 5-lobed, -4mm long. Lobes erect, .6mm long, triangular. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments yellow, compressed, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers deep purple, connate around the style, -2mm long, mostly exserted. Style exserted, bifurcate, the apices spreading, glabrous, pale yellow. Achenes in flower pinkish, 4-angled, 4mm long, glabrous, becoming deep purple to black and 5mm long in fruit. Receptacle cylindric. Chaff slightly enclosing the achenes, pubescent at the apex, whitish to whitish-green, 5mm long.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Rich low woods, streambanks, woodlands along lakes and sloughs, wet thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is common throughout Missouri. The plant gets quite large and produces many flowers. Some varieties of this species are cultivated frequently. Traditionally the plant was used to treat indigestion, burns, and other ailments. The plant may be toxic if eaten in large quantities. The species epithet "laciniata" means "torn" because of the divided nature of the leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, scabrous, hirsute to papillose-hispid (hairs with purple swollen bases), branching, carinate, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate to sessile, serrate to subentire, hirsute to papillose-hispid, scabrous. Lowest leaves with long petioles. Blade to 15cm long, 5cm broad, lance-elliptic to broadly lanceolate or oblong, with tissue contracted in lower 1/5 of blade.. Upper leaves becoming sessile, linear-lanceolate. Inflorescence - Single large flower head terminating stem, on long peduncle. Involucre - Outer phyllaries reflexed, scabrous, hirsute to papillose-hispid, to 2.5cm long, 5-6mm broad, linear-oblong. Inner phyllaries smaller, spreading.
Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligule yellow, to +4cm long, 1cm broad, 3-toothed at apex, appressed pubescent below, glabrous above. Achene 2.1mm long, 1.3mm broad(in flower). Pappus absent. Disk flowers - Disk to 1.8cm in diameter, broadly ovoid to hemispheric, flowers fertile. Disk corollas 4.5mm long, dark purple-brown at apex, 5-lobed. Lobes acute. Style brown, bifurcate (the divisions subulate-attenuate). Achenes black, 1.8mm long (in flower), glabrous, subterete to 4-angled. Pappus absent. Receptacle conic. Chaff to 7mm long, purplish-brown, pubescent at apex.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, rocky prairies, meadows, pastures, slopes, roadsides, railroads, also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This hardy plant is extremely popular in cultivation and is very common in the wild. The species is classified as biennial but can grow as an annual also. It readily grows from seed. This species fairly closely resembles R. fulgida Ait. but the latter grows wild only in the southern 1/3 of the state and prefers moist to wet habitats. There are other differences between the two species also but habitat is really a good determining factor.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Multiple from the base, from fibrous and fleshy roots, erect, herbaceous, to +/-50cm tall, branching, angled, sparse antrorse strigose. Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves long-petiolate. The petioles sparse antrorse strigose, with an adaxial groove, to +15cm long. Blades ovate, shallow serrate to crenate-serrate or almost entire, antrorse strigose (use lens) on both surfaces, acute, rounded to subcordate at base, to +10cm long, +6cm broad. Cauline leaves becoming sessile, shallow coarse serrate, lanceolate, pubescent as the basal leaves. All leaves coriaceous and "crisp", easily ripped or cracked.
Inflorescence - Single flowerheads terminating stems and branches. Involucre - -3cm broad, flattened. Phyllaries spreading to recurved, in a few series, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 1.4cm long, 5mm broad, antrorse strigose, green, blunt to subacute at apex, entire. The apices often darkened slightly. Margins often revolute.
Ray flowers - Sterile, +/-12 per flowerhead. Ligule yellow, to -3cm long, 7mm broad. Achene minute, .5mm long, glabrous, truncate at base. Pappus wanting. Disk flowers - Disk to 1.3cm broad. Corollas whitish at base but chocolate-purple at apex, 3.1mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, erect, .3mm long. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, included. Filaments white, compressed, glabrous, with a white prominent midvein, 1mm long. Anthers chocolate-purple, connate around the style, 1.5-1.6mm long. Style exserted, bifurcate, glabrous, white at the base, chocolate-purple at the apex(stigma). Achene 4-angled, white in flower, glabrous, 2mm long in flower. Pappus a minute crown, often somewhat purplish. Receptacle conic. Chaff partially enclosing the achenes and flowers, to 4mm long, white but with purple near the margins and at the apex, mostly glabrous but with a few cilia on the margins near the apex, acute.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Moist places, streambanks, gravel bars, wet ledges. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in the Ozark section of Missouri. The plant is quite showy and the species epithet "fulgida" means "gleaming". The flowers of this species look similar to many other plants in the genus but the leaves and habitat of the plant make it easy to ID in the field.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Herbaceous, erect, from rhizomes, glabrous, green or becoming purple in the strong sun, ribbed, to +/-35cm tall, branching. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, deeply pinnatifid. Basal leaves to -10cm long, 2-2.5cm broad, with +/-6 main divisions per side. Cauline leaves similar but reduced. All leaves glabrous or with very few short hairs. Divisions of the leaves toothed. Upper leaves with thinner and fewer divisions than the lower. Tissue connecting the divisions of the leaves .2-.3mm broad (use a lens to see).
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +10cm long. Axis glabrous. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, expanding to +/-1cm long in fruit, glabrous. Inflorescence compact in flower, quickly expanding. Siliques to 1cm long, 1mm in diameter, cylindric but slightly compressed, glabrous, with a beak to 1mm long.
Flowers - Petals 4, distinct, spatulate, yellow, glabrous, to +4mm long, 1.5mm broad, rounded at the apex. Stamens 6, erect, 4 larger and 2 smaller. Filaments yellow, glabrous, to 3mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm long. Ovary cylindric, green-yellow, glabrous, 2mm long in flower, superior. Style .5mm long. Stigmas globose-capitate, .7mm broad. Sepals 4, distinct, yellow, erect to spreading, cupped, mostly glabrous but often with a few hairs at the apex externally, entire, 2-2.5mm long, to 1mm broad, subulate.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Moist low ground, streambanks, wet fields and meadows. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its yellow flower petals, which are 4-8mm long, and its pinnately divided leaves, which have toothed margins. The wet habitat of the plant and its creeping stems with fibrous roots are other good characteristics to look for.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Decumbent to prostrate, often rooting at nodes, herbaceous, multiple from thin rhizomes, glabrous or with vesicular hairs. Leaves - Alternate, pinnately lobed, clasping or not, auriculate or not, to 8cm long, 2.5cm broad, glabrous or with few vesicular hairs. Lobes shallow toothed to entire.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes elongating in fruit to 20cm long. Pedicels 5mm long in flower, to +1cm in fruit, typically at right angles to axis and curved in fruit.
Flowers - Petals 4, yellow, glabrous, to 5mm long, +2mm broad, narrowed at base to claw. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments to +3mm long, greenish-yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm broad. Ovary green, glabrous, 3mm long, slightly compressed. Style 1mm long, persistent in fruit. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, greenish-yellow, to 4mm long, 1.8mm broad at base, glabrous, with scarious margins, erect to spreading, acute. Siliques to 6mm long, few seeded, 2-valved, cylindrical, beaked with persistent style, ascending (curving) towards the axis of the inflorescence.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Moist ground of flood plains, , railroads, disturbed sites. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The fruits of this genus are cylindrical and appear "short and fat" compared to other genus of the family. Technically they are classified as siliques but could be called silicles also. Some of the species in this genus can be difficult to distinguish.
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