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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Salicaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, woody, erect to ascending or reclining. A shrub to +5m tall. Twigs glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, terete, with spongy white pith, green or reddish in strong sun. New growth sericeous, green. Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate. Petioles to 3mm long, whitish green, glabrous or with some sericeous hairs. Blades linear-oblong, , mostly glabrous above, sericeous or not below, deep shiny green above, dull green below, acute, with unevenly-spaced shallow teeth on the margins (the teeth small and less than 13 per inch).
Inflorescence - (pistillate) - Terminal spike on new season's growth. Spike to +/-4cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +8cm long. Axis of the inflorescence sericeous to tomentose, light green. Each flower subtended by and partially enclosed by one cupped bract. Bracts enclosing the flowers for about 2/3 of the total flower length. Bracts light green, ovate, sericeous, rounded at the apex, 2-3mm long in flower, -2mm broad. Flowers ascending, tightly overlapping, spiraled around the axis.
Flowers - (pistillate) - Green, sericeous, to +4mm long in flower, longer in fruit. Stigmas 2, each divided and appearing as 4, white in flower, -1mm long, spreading, sessile. Styles wanting. Ovary with many ovules. Staminate flowers not seen. Fruits brown, splitting into 2 halves vertically. Seeds comose. Coma white, like silk, 5-8mm long. Seeds brown, -1mm long, .2mm broad, cylindric.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Sand bars, gravel bars, mud flats, streambanks, oxbow lakes, river bottoms, flood plains. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species of Willow is common throughout nearly all of Missouri except in the bootheel of the state, where it is apparently absent. This species is typically found as a small shrub on gravel bars and mudflats. The plant spreads by underground stems and can form large colonies if left unchecked. The pubescence of all parts of the plant is variable.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To 1.2m tall, erect, simple, multiple from base, forming tufts, typically glabrous, glaucous, annual.
Leaves - Leaf blades to +/-30cm long, +/-9mm broad, glabrous or somewhat strigose, entire, bluish-green. Auricles (when present) with a slightly wavy margin, scarious. Ligule a short membrane to +/-1mm tall. Leaf sheath open, glabrous or with the lowermost pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single terminal cylinder of spikelets to +10cm long. Spikelets single at each node of the inflorescence, somewhat depressed into the bent axis. Axis glabrous. Flowers - Spikelets light green with darker green lines, to 10mm long, ovoid. Glumes either with a short tooth at the tip or sometimes with an awn up to 6cm long. Lemmas typically with an awn reaching 8cm in length, sometimes without the awn and just with one or two short teeth.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Widely cultivated but also planted along roadsides and in disturbed areas. Escaped to waste ground, railroads. Origin - Developed through cultivation possibly in the Middle East. Other info. - Triticum is the common "wheat" of cultivation. Many cultivars and subspecies of wheat exist, which is why the plant can be so variable. The plant can be found scattered throughout Missouri and is commonly planted for erosion control along roadsides, as well as in food plots for animals. Wild plants are not long persistent.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To 2.5m tall, erect to spreading at the base, herbaceous, multiple from the base, from fibrous roots, glabrous. Leaves - Blades to 40cm long, to 2.5cm broad, flat, scabrous adaxially, scabrous to glabrous abaxially, entire. Margins ciliolate at the base, often purplish near the base of the leaf. Sheaths with cilia on the margins, glabrous to scabrous. Ligules of hairs, to 3mm long.
Inflorescence - Terminal. Spike-like but actually paniculate with many short alternate branches, to 20cm long, erect or nodding near the apex. Lowermost 2-3 branches of the inflorescence typically slightly separated from the rest of the inflorescence. Axis of inflorescence with short and long antrorse hairs. Spikelets subtended by 1-3 stiff bristles. Bristles green to purple, to 1.2cm long.
Flowers - Spikelets to 2.5mm long. Lower glume to 1.2mm long, glabrous, green. Upper glume to 2.2mm long, glabrous, green. Glumes mostly ovate, blunt to somewhat acute at the apex. Fertile lemma to 2.1mm long, with fine transverse wrinkles, glabrous.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Margins of mesic upland woods, upland prairies, streambanks, pond margins, pastures, fields, lawns, cultivated areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This weedy species can be found throughout Missouri. It is a variable species and two varieties are recognized in Missouri. Variety major (Gaudin) Posp. grows to 1.4m tall and is a more robust and stout plant. The leaf blades of this variety grow to 40cm long and 2.5cm broad. Variety viridis is a taller, thinner plant which grows to 2.5m tall. The leaf blades of this variety grow to 25cm long and 1.5cm broad. Plants in this genus can be difficult to distinguish.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To 60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, typically simple but sometimes branching in the fall, single or multiple from the base, glabrous. Nodes glabrous or with short appressed hairs. Leaves - Leaves of basal rosette different than those of the stem. Basal leaves elliptic. Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, to +/-20cm long, +/-2.5cm broad, sheathing, rounded a the base, glabrous on the surfaces, with hairs on the margins near the base. Some of the hairs with pustulate bases. Sheath glabrous but hairy on the margins.
Inflorescence - A dense branching panicle to +10cm tall (long). Spikelets mostly at the tips of the panicle branches. The branches os the panicle mostly glabrous.
Flowers - Spikelets small, +/-1.5mm long, broadly elliptic to orbicular. Lower glume glabrous. Upper glume fine hairy (rarely glabrous), rounded at the apex, to 1.8mm long. Flowering - May - September or July - November. Habitat - Upland prairies, glades, ledges of bluffs, mesic to dry upland woods, bottoms, streambanks, disturbed sites, roadsides. Usually on acid substrates.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found mostly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is fairly easy to ID in the field because of its dense inflorescence, tiny spikelets, and dimorphic leaves. There are two varieties of this species in Missouri. Variety isophyllum (shown above) has glabrous nodes and an inflorescence about twice as long as wide. Variety sphaerocarpon has pubescent nodes and an inflorescence that is about as long as wide.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - Flowering culms to +/-40cm tall but can be much shorter, multiple from base, erect to ascending, simple, from fibrous roots, glabrous.
Leaves - Leaf blades to +/-10cm long, +/-4mm broad, glabrous to pubescent. Ligule membrenaceous, small, to +/-1.5mm long. Sheaths glabrous to pubescent, open. Inflorescence - Dense cylindrical spike of many spikelets, 2-8cm long, -1cm in diameter.
Flowers - Spikelets composed of two smaller sterile florets and one larger fertile floret. Fertile floret central and sterile florets lateral. Awns of lemmas to 8mm long.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, stream banks, pond margins, fallow fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little weedy grass can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is very common and is easy to ID because of its small size and distinctive individual spikelets. As seen in the picture above, the spikelets are composed of two, small sterile florets which are lateral and slightly raised above the central, fertile floret. The fertile floret is much larger than the two sterile florets. The long awns of the lemmas are another character to help identify this grass.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To 40cm long, spreading to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from the base, from fibrous roots, glabrous but often with a small ring of glandular bumps below the nodes. Plants annual. Leaves - Blades to 20cm long, to 7mm broad, flat, glabrous. Leaf margins with many minute glands which can be felt or seen with a lens. Leaf bases with ciliate hairs. Sheaths glabrous but with glands on the margins, ciliate on the margins near the apex. Ligule a line of minute hairs to 1mm long.
Inflorescence - Paniculate arrangement of spikelets, fairly dense, to 15cm long, ovate in outline, with a slightly silvery-greyish cast. Branches of the inflorescence ascending to spreading, glabrous or with floccose axillary hairs, also with glands as the leaves.
Flowers - Spikelets to 15mm long, 2-4mm broad, oblong-lanceolate in outline, with typically 10-20 florets. Glumes of the florets to 2.3mm long, the upper slightly longer than the lower, both glumes typically glabrous but usually with glands. Lemmas to 2.8mm long, acute to acuminate at the apex, keeled, with glands along the midvein.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Streambanks, glades, fields, pastures, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This weedy species is found throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its tufts of hairs at the base of the leaves and its small glands which are present on nearly all parts of the plants. The glands sometimes emit a foul odor when crushed and the plant has been called "Stink Grass." It is believed to be mildly toxic if ingested.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - Creeping, to 40cm long, glabrous, terete, mat-forming, from rhizomes and stolons. Perennial. Leaves - Leaf blades to 8cm long, 4mm broad, flat to slightly keeled, pubescent toward the base. Sheaths slightly keeled, pubescent at the apex and along the apical margins. Ligule a short membrane with a ciliate apex.
Inflorescence - Palmate arrangement of 2-6 spikes. Spikes to -8cm long, with many spikelets. Spikelets appressed into 2 rows along the axis.
Flowers - Spikelets with 1 perfect floret. Glumes to 2mm long, lanceolate, acute at the apex. Lower glume slightly smaller than the upper. Lemmas to 2.8mm long, 3-nerved, acute, pubescent or scabrous on the nerves. Anthers to 1.3mm long, tan to yellow. Styles purple.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Pastures, fields, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Africa (?) Other info. - This weedy species can be found mainly in the southern half of Missouri. The grass, commonly called "Bermuda Grass", is widely cultivated in the southern U.S. and is an introduced weed in most of the warmer regions of the world. Cynodon is easy to identify in the field because of its creeping habit and its palmately compound inflorescence.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To 80cm tall, multiple from the base, spreading or ascending, somewhat compressed except at the nodes, glabrous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - Blades to +/-15cm long, to 7mm broad, glabrous, flattened, scabrous. Sheaths glabrous, keeled. Ligule a ring of hairs to -2mm long.
Inflorescence - To 10cm long, with 4-18 spikelets. Flowers - Spikelets globose at maturity, -8mm in diameter, subtended by and partially covered with bristles and flattened spines to 7mm long. Lower glume to 4mm long. Upper glume to 6mm long, 3-5-nerved. Fertile lemma to -8mm long.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Sandy open areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. and Central America. Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. It is a weed of disturbed areas with open sandy ground. The spiny burs of this species become detached from the inflorescence and stick to anything they touch. They cause intense and persistent pain. As children growing up in Florida, my friends and I would pick the fruiting stems of Cenchrus and throw them at each other. Yes, it hurt, and yes, it was stupid.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To 40cm tall, erect, multiple from base, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, glabrous. Leaves - Small, thin, to 5cm long, +/-1mm broad, scabrous. The ligule to 3mm tall, scarious, rounded at the apex. Leaf sheaths scabrous or glabrous.
Inflorescence - Fairly dense terminal panicles making up 1/3 to 1/2 of the plant height. Panicle branches ascending, glabrous. Stalks of individual spikelets to +1cm long, glabrous or scabrous.
Flowers - Spikelets to 3mm long, scabrous or glabrous. Only one lemma of the spikelet having an awn. Awns to 3mm long.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Prairies, riverbanks, disturbed sites, roadsides. Origin - Native to Eurasia and Africa. Other info. - This little grass is fairly uncommon in Missouri, being found in only a handful of southern counties. This is an easy species to ID in the field because of its small size, open panicles, and its single-awned spikelets. The inflorescence of mature plants is open and spreading with the pedicels of the spikelets being barely visible at a distance. Another species, A. caryophyllea L., is similar but is smaller in size and has two awned lemmas per spikelet. This latter species is slightly more common in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月03日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Poaceae Stems - To +/-20cm tall, erect, multiple from base, glabrous, from fibrous roots.
Leaves - Small, thin, to +/-4cm long, +/-1mm broad, scabrous. Sheaths scabrous. Ligule scarious, to +/-3mm long, typically erose on the margins. Inflorescence - Open, branched panicle making up 1/3 to 1/2 of the plant height. Panicle branches ascending, glabrous. Stalks of the individual spikelets to 5mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Spikelets mostly scabrous, to 3mm long. Both the lemmas of the spikelet with an awn to +3mm long.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Lawns, pastures, fields, disturbed sites, igneous glades, roadsides. Origin - Native to Eurasia and Africa. Introduced nearly worldwide. Other info. - This diminutive grass can be found in the southern part of Missouri. The plant was first reported in the state in 1982. A. caryophyllea is easy to ID in the field because of its small size and the fact that both of the lemmas of the florets are awned. Another species, A. elegans is similar, but is slightly larger and has florets with only one awned lemma. This latter species is slightly less common in the state.
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