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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Convolvulaceae Stems - Twining, herbaceous, glabrous to hairy, from rhizomes, angled or terete.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Blades to 10cm broad at base, to +10cm long, ovate to lanceolate, entire, acute to acuminate, glabrous to pubescent, cordate to sagittate at base with auricles either squarish or rounded. Inflorescence - Single axillary pedunculate flowers. Peduncles to +10cm long, glabrous to puberulent.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-5cm long, funnelform, white, glabrous or sparse puberulent externally. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, erect. Filaments to +2.5cm long, with glandular pubescence at base, whitish. Anthers to 5mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, green, 2-locular. Style to 2cm long, glabrous, whitish. Stigmas 2, slightly compressed. Sepals 5, lance-ovate, to 1.5mm long, 5mm broad, acute to blunt at apex, mucronate and with small cilia at apex. Calyx surrounded by two large green bracts. Bracts to 2cm long, -2cm broad, broadly ovate, glabrous.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, thickets, moist ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is synonymous with Calystegia sepium R. Br., which is the more excepted name now. "Calystegia" meaning "covered calyx". This species, and indeed many species from this family, are seen as weedy or intrusive. "Convolvulus" meaning "to entwine", which is exactly how the plants grow, entwining themselves on any sturdy support. Steyermark breaks the species down into three varieties, one of these varieties having three forms. The varieties are distinguished mainly on leaf size, shape, hairiness, and basal extension shape. One plant, C. sepium var. sepium f. coloratus Lange, has a rose colored corolla. I will not break down the other varieties and forms here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Convolvulaceae Stems - Trailing, twining, herbaceous, glabrous to pubescent, appearing 4-5 angled because of twisting of stem.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, variable in shape from ovate to elliptic, to 10cm long, +/-5cm broad, hastate to sagittate or cordate. Petiole to +3cm long, with adaxial groove, pubescent to glabrous. Blade glabrous or pubescent. Basal lobes acute to obtuse. Leaf margins often undulate. Inflorescence - Flowers either single or in loose cymes of up to 3 flowers. Peduncle to +6cm long, with opposite to subopposite pair of bracts at apex(subtending pedicels), pubescent. Bracts to +4mm long. Pedicels to -2cm long, with pair of opposite to subopposite bracts in middle, pubescent to tomentose. Bracts to +/-3mm long, linear.
Flowers - Corolla funnelform, white or tinged with pink, to +/-3cm broad, -2cm long, glabrous internally, glabrous to sparse puberulent externally. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Filaments to 1cm long, flattened and broad at base(to 1.2mm broad), terete above, clavate pubescent near base, white. Anthers whitish-pink, to 3mm long. Style white, glabrous, 1cm long. Stigmas 2, 3-4mm long, white to pale yellow. Ovary subtended(surrounded) by orange nectar ring. Ovary white, glabrous to pubescent, superior, 2mm long, 2-locular. Sepals 5, green and often with tiny brownish tip, glabrous, 4mm long, 2.1mm broad, scarious near apex, distinct. Fruit a glabrous 4-valved capsule to +/-6mm long. Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe and Asia. Other info. - According to Steyermark there are two forms in Missouri. Form arvensis (pictured above) has lobes at the base of the leaves being pointed (acutely), the leaf blade itself can be from sagittate to ovate-triangular. Form cordifolius has lobes which are rounded and a broad cordate leaf blade. This species is quite common and weedy. It primarily stays low or on the ground but can climb by twining. The species name "arvensis" means "from cultivated fields" or "of cultivated fields" telling of the plants pioneering and invasive nature. The pubescence of the plant is highly variable.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - Creeping underground rhizomes. Aerial stems to +15cm long. Leaves - 2-3 per node, oblong to elliptic, entire, glabrous, to +15cm long, +4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Raceme terminating aerial stem, to 7cm long. Pedicels to 1cm long, glabrous, with scarious bract at base to 8mm long. Flowers - Nodding. Perianth campanulate, white, glabrous, to +6mm long, +8mm broad, 6-lobed. Lobes 2.5mm broad, 3mm long, fragrant. Stamens 6, borne at base of perianth tube. Anthers pale yellow, to 2mm long, tapering to point at apex. Filaments short, -1.5mm long, pinkish-purple at base. Ovary glabrous, superior, 3-carpellate. Style 2.2mm long. Fruit - Globose, red, fleshy, to -1cm in diameter.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Cultivated and rarely escaped to roadsides or waste ground. Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species can be found sporadically escaped throughout much of Missouri. The plant is often found around old homesites or businesses. C. majalis can form large colonies when left untouched. It is a toxic plant that contains cardiac glycosides. Traditionally the plant was used as a Digitalis substitute to treat heart disease. A flower and root tea was used to treat fevers, as a diuretic, sedative, and emetic. A root ointment was used to treat burns to prevent scaring.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To 3m tall, herbaceous, green with purple or black spots, sometimes entirely purple, often glaucous, glabrous, erect, from large taproot. Leaves - Alternate, large, to 40cm long, about as broad as long, ternate, glabrous, broadly ovate in outline. Leaflets pinnatifid. Lobes serrate.
Inflorescence - Multiple compound umbels terminating the stems. Umbels and umbellets subtended by attenuate bracts to 5mm long. Rays glabrous. Flowers +/-15 per umbellet. Flowers - Petals 5, white, subequal but typically with one petal larger than the others, glabrous, to 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, cuneate at base. Apex of petal apiculate with the apiculus curving adaxially. Margins of petal folding slightly downward. Stamens 5, alternating with petals. Filaments to 1mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale yellow to whitish, .15mm broad. Stylopodium present, slightly flattened, greenish.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Waste groung, disturbed sites, pastures, open fields, low ground, railroads, roadsides. Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - Although this plant may smell like fennel (Foeniculum sp.) , or Finocchio in Italian, when bruised or crushed, it should not be eaten as it is very toxic. No other species in the family has such large and divided leaves as C. maculatum, so the plant can be easily distinguished from a distance. It is a very common weed in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Santalaceae Stems - To +30cm tall, simple to branching, erect, glabrous, herbaceous, from underground rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile or on very short petiole to -1mm, entire, glabrous or glaucous, oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate, to -1cm broad, +3cm long. Inflorescence - Loose, paniculate, terminal clusters of 4-6 flowered cymules. Pedicels 1-4mm long, glabrous. Flowers - Apetalous. Calyx tube green, to 3mm long, campanulate, glabrous, with 4-5 lobes. Lobes to 2mm long, white, glabrous externally, sparse pubescent internally. Stamens 5, opposite the calyx lobes. Filaments to -1mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow. Style glabrous, 2.5mm long.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Open woods, slopes, glades, ridges, prairies, bluffs.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little plant is parasitic on neighboring plants by means of its rhizomes. The rhizomes are tan, thin, and fairly long. The plant can be found in dry rocky areas of the habitats mentioned above. It ranges throughout the state except in a few counties of the bootheel. A common synonym is C. umbellata (L.) Nutt.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +3m, glabrous, not completely winged by extended leaf tissue.
Leaves - Glabrous or slightly hairy above, hairy below, no spines on upper surface, alternate, larger below, reduced towards inflorescence. Margins toothed or lobed or not, flat, spiny. Inflorescence - Single flower-head terminating each branch of the inflorescence.
Involucre - 2-3.5cm long(high). Bracts imbricate, tightly appressed, ending in spine-like prickle. Flowers - All discoid, no rays present. Pappus of plumose bristles. Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Slopes, thickets, roadsides, railroads, open woodland.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This form of C. altissimum is not often found in Missouri. The more common C. altissimum f. altissimum, with pink-rose flowers, is the plant most often seen. This plant can be found on the "Pink Flowers" page of this web site. "altissimum" means "tall" or "the tallest" in Latin and this plant certainly is, being the tallest member of this genus in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - Flowering stems to +2m tall, erect, glabrous, glaucous, from a woody caudex, herbaceous, green but purple at the nodes.
Leaves - Basal and alternate, petiolate, glabrous, to 1m broad, -1m long, ternately divided, purple at the joints. Ultimate leaflets serrate, green adaxially, silvery-green abaxially, with a few hairs abaxially on the veins. Serrations of margin with a lighter green or yellowish apex. Veins of leaflets impressed adaxially. Leaves of the flowering stem reduced to bracts. Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +/-50cm long. Axis of the inflorescence tomentoulose. Pedicels to 6cm long in flower, slightly longer in fruit, whitish tomentose. Each pedicel subtended by a minute bract. Bracts attenuate, 1-3mm long.
Flowers - Apetalous, Asepalous, fetid. Stamens many, +/-100. Filaments white, filiform, glabrous, to 5mm long. Anthers white, 1mm long. Ovary superior, white, tomentose, obliquely ovoid, 2.5mm long in flower, unilocular, with +/-10 ovules. Style wanting, forming a slight beak in fruit. Seeds semicircular in shape. Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Low rocky woods, base of bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This distinctive species can be found in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its big leaves and long inflorescences. The plant also has a fowl odor, especially when in flower. This species has many medicinal uses. Traditionally, a tincture of the plant was used for bronchitis, chorea, fevers, rheumatism, snakebites, and many other ailments. Modern medicine has found the plant useful for strengthening female reproductive organs in lab rats. The plant has also shown anti-inflammatory properties.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To -2m tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous, glaucous, fistulose, purplish at nodes, typically simple to branching, from a tuberous base and fleshy roots, single or multiple from base.
Leaves - Alternate, 2-3-pinnate. Lowest leaves long petiolate, to +60cm long(including petiole). Upper leaves with shorter petioles. Petioles with involute margin. Leaf divisions purple at axils. Ultimate leaflets serrate(the teeth mucronate), lanceolate, glabrous. Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal compound umbels. Main rays of umbels not subtended by bracts, to -3cm long(in flower), +/-15 in number. Secondary rays(raylets) 5-6cm long(in flower), subtended by bracts. Bracts with scarious margins, to 3mm long, attenuate-lanceolate, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, unequal to subequal, margins deflexed, to 1.3mm broad, 1.1mm long, apiculate and inflexed at apex. Stamens 5, alternating with petals, erect to spreading. Filaments white, 1.2mm long, glabrous. Anthers whitish, .2mm long. Ovary inferior, 2-locular. Styles 2, .1mm long. Calyx tube .9mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, scarious, .4-.5mm long. Fruits to +4mm long, oval to orbicular, glabrous. Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Wet to moist areas. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is one of the more toxic species of the Apiaceae or of any plant family for that matter. The plant has a pleasant licorice or anise scent when crushed but obviously it should not be eaten. It is easy to ID in the field because of its habitat, its glabrous and glaucous stems (which are purplish at the nodes), and its 2-3-pinnately divided leaves. The Missouri plants are all variety maculata. A couple of other varieties are found in the U.S. but not in Missouri. The plant is common throughout Missouri.
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