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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caryophyllaceae Stems - Sprawling to erect, multiple from thick roots, branching above, herbaceous, to +20cm tall, with minute longitudinal ribs, reddish-purple, with pubescence in one or two distinct longitudinal lines, or pilose (pubescence multicellular).
Leaves - Opposite, sessile to very short-petiolate, lanceolate, oblong, narrowly ovate, or oblanceolate, to +3cm long, +1cm broad, entire, glabrous but typically with ciliate margins on lower half of blade, acute at apex.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from between opposite stems. Peduncles elongating in fruit to 2.5cm, -1mm in diameter, densely pubescent with pubescence in two opposing longitudinal lines. Flowers - Corolla rotate. Petals 5, white, deeply notched and appearing as ten petals, free, to +6mm long, glabrous. Stamens 10, anthers orange-red. Styles 3. Ovary globose, superior. Sepals 5, free, green with slightly lighter margins, lanceolate, to 5mm long, 2.5mm broad, glabrous or sparse pilose. Fruit a globose capsule dehiscent by 4 valves. Seeds with free-central placentation. Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Dry to moist low woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - To me this is one of the best looking plants of the genus. Typically this genus is weedy and troublesome but this species is native and adds a surprisingly brilliant splash of white for such a small plant. I don't know if it is cultivated, but it would make a neat border.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caryophyllaceae Stems - To 50cm long(20-30cm tall), decumbent, rooting at lower nodes, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, mostly glabrous but with a single longitudinal line of pubescence. Pubescence hirsute to tomentose.
Leaves - Opposite, ovate(sometimes truncate at base), short-mucronate, petiolate. Blades to +2cm wide, +2cm long, glabrous, green above, lighter green below, entire. Petiole to +2cm long, sometimes winged, pubescent. Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Also terminal cymes of +3 flowers. Peduncles 1-3cm long, pubescent. Flowers - Corolla white, rotate, 5-6mm broad. Petals 5, deeply notched and appearing as 10, glabrous, to 2mm long, free. Petal lobes oblong. Stamens typically 3-5, attached at base of ovary, alternating with petals. Styles 3, spreading. Sepals 5, free, to 5mm long, pubescent with glandular-tipped hairs, ovate-lanceolate, green. Capsules to +6mm long, 4mm wide, glabrous, with +/-15 seeds. Seeds 1mm in diameter, tuberculate, rotund.
Flowering - Typically March - November, but can flower all year. Habitat - Moist shaded locations. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This plant has spread rapidly throughout most of the U.S. and the Americas. The calyx is persistent and the fruits stick to clothing, hair and skin and are thus carried everywhere. The plant can be eaten but has a rank smell when first picked (at least to me). If the stem is carefully bent side-to-side and then pulled apart, the elastic vascular tissue can be seen. This is a good way to help identify the plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Staphyleaceae Stems - Woody, multiple. A shrub to 11m tall. Freely suckering.
Leaves - Opposite, trifoliate. Leaflets elliptic, ovate or obovate, to 10cm long, 5cm broad, serrate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent above, pubescent below. Middle leaflet on long petiolule, lateral leaflets sessile or on short petiolules. Inflorescence - Drooping, axillary or terminal racemose clusters. Flowers - Corolla white, campanulate. Petals 5, to 1cm long, spatulate, 3-4mm broad at apex, glabrous, free. Stamens 5, slightly protruding past corolla, alternating with petals. Filaments 8mm long, pilose at base. Anthers yellow-orange, 1.2mm long. Ovary superior, pilose. Styles 4, 5mm long, glabrous. Calyx 5-lobed, campanulate. Lobes to 7mm long, 4mm broad, pale green to semi-transparent, erect, equaling or slightly shorter than petals. Fruits inflated, 3-sided, whitish, becoming brown when drying. Seeds 1-4.
Flowering - April - May. Fruits persistent into winter. Habitat - Rich woods, thickets, shaded slopes, along streams. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common shrub which blooms quickly. The flowers don't last long but the fruits persist for some time. This is an easy species to identify becasue of its opposite, trifoliate leaves, and inflated fruits. The plant can be found throughout Missouri but may be absent from the extreme southeast corner of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caryophyllaceae Stems - To 1.2m tall, herbaceous, branching above, pubescent, subhollow, becoming reddish to purplish below, single or multiple from base, from taproot.
Leaves - Opposite or in whorls of 4, lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, entire, to +10cm long, +4cm broad, sessile, pubescent above and below, often punctate.
Inflorescence - Terminal panicles. Flowers opposite, decussate. Pedicels to -1cm long, tomentose. Each flower subtended by linear bract to 1cm long, 1.2mm broad. Flowers - Corolla white, deeply five lobed and lobes joined at base into short tube 3mm long. Tube lanate. Lobes clawed, deeply fimbriate, to +/-1.5cm long. Stamens 10, typically protruding beyond corolla, erect. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers 2.5-3mm long. Styles 3, erect, exserted, whitish, glabrous, 5mm long. Calyx campanulate. Calyx tube to 9mm long, 5-lobed, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, greenish-white, 10-nerved. Lobes acute, 4mm long. Calyx persistent in fruit. Fruit a unilocular capsule with six teeth at apex. Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Open woods and slopes. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is found throughout Missouri. The plant is commonly encountered and easily recognized by its fringed (fimbriate), white corolla lobes and whorled leaves. The species name means "star" because the flowers are starlike.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caprifoliaceae Stems - To +3m tall, woody, glabrous, erect, branching, multiple from base, with large whitish pith. New growth green, glabrous, often glaucous. Leaves - Opposite, pinnately compound. Petioles to +6cm long, glabrous, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to +5mm long. Leaflets typically 5-9 per leaf, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, oblong to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad. Inflorescence - Terminal compound cymes, typically dome shaped to flattened, to 30cm broad. Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, glabrous, 5-6mm broad. Lobes 2.2mm long, 2mm broad, rounded to emarginate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes, erect to spreading. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.4mm long. Anthers yellow, .5mm long. Style wanting. Stigma 5-lobed, capitate. Ovary inferior, 4-locular. Calyx tube 1mm long, creamy white, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .5mm long. Fruits blackish-purple, globose, glabrous, to 5mm in diameter, 4-seeded.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground, disturbed sites, fence rows, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is actually quite aggressive if given the right conditions. It spreads by suckering. The fruits are edible if cooked (boiled) and this plant is the source of the ever popular "Elderberry jelly". The pith of the stems is large, soft, and easily removed and my dad tells childhood stories of making flutes from stems of a similar European species. Don't get too much sap in your mouth though, it's toxic. The plants contain calcium oxalate crystals which do a number on a persons kidneys.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To +80cm tall, erect, herbaceous, multiple or single from base, branching, 4-angled, glabrous, from thin rhizomes. Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, linear, acute, to 5.5cm long, 2-4mm broad, glabrous, dark green above, lighter green below, punctate.
Inflorescence - Compact corymbose arrangement of glomerules. Glomerules +/-7mm broad, 4mm tall(long), with an involucre of attenuate pubescent bracts. Bracts 3-4mm long, 2mm broad, with densely ciliate margins, reduced inward. Flowers sessile. Flowers - Corolla white to pinkish, bilabiate. Corolla tube to -5mm long, pubescent externally near apex. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe to 2.6mm long, 1.4mm broad, emarginate, pubescent internally and externally. Lower lip 3-lobed, with faint pinkish spotting. Central lobe longer than lateral lobes, to 2.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, pubescent internally and externally. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.9mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers pale lilac, .4mm broad. Style white, to 6mm long, glabrous, long exserted, tuberculate and expanded just above ovary. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 2.7mm long, lanate, 4-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, to 1.1mm long, short pubescent to glabrous externally, glabrous internally. Nutlets dark brown at maturity, to 1mm long.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Dry rocky open woods, prairies, wet thickets, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is common throughout the entire state of Missouri. This member of the mint family is easy to recognize because of its thin dense leaves and its dense small flower clusters (glomerules). Insects like to visit the plant to retrieve nectar. The leaves and stem have a strong minty odor and the plant can be brewed as a tea.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - From fibrous roots, multiple from the base, rooting at the lowest nodes, branching, herbaceous, 4-angled, fragrant, hollow, pubescent with both long and short and long hairs, to +1m tall, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, short-petiolate. Petioles to 6mm long, pubescent as the stem. Blades to +9cm long, -4cm broad, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, serrate (the tips of the serrations often white), green adaxially, whitish-green abaxially, punctate, pubescent (more so below).
Inflorescence - Axillary and lateral capitate clusters of bractiate cymes. Pedicels +/-1mm long. Bracts subtending the inflorescence with a whitish bloom. Each division of the cyme subtended by a gradually reduced bract. Flowers - Corolla white, 6mm long, bilabiate. Corolla tube glabrous externally, pubescent internally. Lobes glandular and pubescent externally. Lower lip single-lobed. Lobe 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, white. Upper lip 3-lobed, 4-5mm broad. Lobes deflexed, spotted with purple internally. Central lobe bent forward at the apex. Lateral lobes shorter than the central. Stamens 4, subequal, exserted, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes. Filaments 4-5mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .8mm long, orange. Style white, glabrous, exserted, 7-8mm long. Stigma unequally 2-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed, green. Lobes pubescent at the apex, +/-.5mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, weakly bilabiate, 4mm long, glandular punctate, covered by a dense whitish pubescence. Calyx tube glabrous internally. Upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes acute, to +1mm long. Lower lip shallowly 3-lobed or notched at the apex. Lobes pubescent internally. Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Rocky open woods, grassy slopes, clearings over rocky substrates. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. It is common in the habitats mentioned above. The plant is easily identified by its whitish bracts. Like most species of this genus, the plant has a characteristic minty smell. "albescens" means "becoming white" for the bracts of the inflorescence.
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