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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caprifoliaceae Stems - Woody, multiple from base. A shrub to +5m tall, erect. New seasons growth tomentose. Twigs tomentose, typically hollow. Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, simple. Petioles to +/-6mm long, tomentose. Blades ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire, to +/-9cm long, +/-4cm broad, typically glabrous adaxially but sometimes with pubescence on midrib, pubescent abaxially especially on veins. Margins ciliolate.
Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate paired flowers. Peduncles +/-3mm long, pubescent, with a pair of small bracts at the joint in the peduncle. Bracts to 3mm long, linear, ciliate. Pair of bracts subtending the calyx and ovary to 1.7mm long, rounded, ciliate-margined, green, pubescent. Flowers - Corolla white when fresh, fading to a yellowish-white when older, often with some pinkish tinge at base of tube. Corolla tube to 9mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, tomentose externally, pubescent internally. Corolla bilabiate. Lower lip single-lobed. Lobe to +1.5cm long, 4mm broad, rounded at apex, glabrous internally, tomentose externally. Upper lip 4-lobed. Lobes to +1.5cm long, rounded at apex, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Stamens 5, exserted, alternating with the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1.1cm long, pubescent at base, glabrous near apex, white. Anthers yellow, to 6mm long, 1.2mm broad. Style white, 1.6cm long, pubescent, exserted. Stigma green, capitate. Ovary inferior, green, 3-locular, 1.5mm in diameter, sub-globose. Placentation axile. Calyx tube +/-1.5mm long, 5-lobed, pubescent, green. Lobes unequal, shallow, +/-1mm long, acute, greenish-white. Fruits red, 2-4mm in diameter, glabrous, fleshy.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Disturbed sites, thickets, roadsides, railroads, woodland borders. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This nasty and aggressive species was brought to North America in 1855 as an ornamental. It has since spread rapidly and is found over much of the eastern half of the U.S. from Kansas east. The berries are eaten by birds which helps the plant spread rapidly. There are other species of bush honeysuckles in Missouri but this is the most aggressive and common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caprifoliaceae Stems - Twining, trailing, thin, sometimes rooting at nodes, reddish to brownish or purplish, with dense spreading pubescence in the younger portions, often with thin woody bark on the lower stems. Leaves - Opposite, sessile or petiolate. Petioles to 1cm long, pubescent. Blades variously pubescent above and below(but typically densely pubescent), entire, to +7cm long, 3cm broad, ovate-oblong, acute, rounded to cordate at base.
Inflorescence - Pair of flowers terminating axillary peduncle, subtended by foliaceous bracts. Peduncles to -4cm long. Flowers - Corolla white, drying to yellow, bilabiate. Corolla tube to 2.8cm long, glandular pubescent. Upper lip 4-lobed. Lobes obtuse, 8-9mm long, 3-4mm broad. Bottom lip single-lobed, tp +/-2.5cm long, 3-4mm broad, slightly recurved. Stamens 4, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 2.7cm long, glabrous, white. Style white, glabrous, 5mm long. Stigma green, capitate, subbiglobose. Calyx tube 2.8mm long, green, pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, ciliate, .4mm long. Scales subtending calyx tube 2, long ciliate-margined, 1.1mm long and broad, pubescent. Fruits to 8mm in diameter, globose, black, fleshy.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Cultivated and escaped into open woods, low woods, thickets, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This is an aggressive vine to say the least. If you stand in one spot to long it will grow around your legs ;) It persists well after the native flora has gone dormant for the winter. The attractive flowers are fragrant, plentiful and produce much nectar. Many fewer fruits are produced than flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Verbenaceae Stems - Erect to ascending, rooting at nodes, to +/-45cm tall, herbaceous, (4)-angled, green to purple and often with purple vertical striations, appearing glabrous but with malpighian trichomes (use lens to see).
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, tapering to the base, lanceolate, serrate, +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, with impressed veins above, expressed veins below, strigillose on both surfaces.
Inflorescence - Dense globose to cylindric capitate clusters of flowers on a long axillary peduncle. Peduncles from the upper leaf axils, to +/-9cm long, pubescent as the stem, expanding just below the flower cluster. Each flower subtended by one bract. Bracts to 3mm long, acute, broadest in the middle, tapering to the base, glabrous internally, strigose externally, often purplish in the apical half, to -3mm broad. Flowers - Corolla white, glabrous, 4-lobed, +/-4mm long. The upper and lower lobes more or less truncate at the apex. The lateral lobes slightly more rounded. Lobes to 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, unequal. Stamens 4, included, didynamous, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube. Filaments wanting. Anthers yellow, .3-.4mm broad. Ovary superior, greenish, glabrous, .5mm long in flower. Style short, green, glabrous, .5mm long. Stigma green, sub-globose, .3mm in diameter, slightly nodding or facing "forward." Calyx 2-lobed. The tube whitish, 1mm long. The lobes opposing, to 1.4mm long, cupped, whitish, acute, with short hairs on the outer surfaces and longer hairs on the midrib, glabrous internally. Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Moist to wet soils. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The actual flowers and racemes of the plant are small but the plant forms colonies and is easily found in wet, muddy areas. Close inspection of the flowers reveals that they are typical of the family Verbenaceae with a mostly irregular corolla and 4 stamens borne on and included within the corolla. This species is very common. A synonym is Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene-Rydberg.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Oleaceae Stems - Multiple to single from base, branching, woody, to +/-3m tall. Twigs pubescent with distinct long and short hairs. Leaves - Opposite, short-petiolate. Petioles to 3mm long, pubescent. Blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, glabrous above, mostly glabrous below but with pubescence on midrib, deep green above, light green below, entire, to +6cm long, +2.5cm broad, typically acute.
Inflorescence - Dense panicles terminating new seasons side branches, to +/-4cm long. Axis dense pubescent. Pedicels to 1mm long, pubescent.
Flowers - Slightly fragrant. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, white, to 9mm long total. Lobes in two opposing pairs, to 3mm long, acute, often recurving. Stamens 2, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments very short. Anthers brownish-yellow, 3mm long, slightly exserted. Ovary green, globose, glabrous. Style 2.5mm long, glabrous, white, included. Stigma capitate. Calyx tube to -2mm long, 1.4mm in diameter, pubescent, 4-lobed. Lobes very shallow. Drupes to +/-6mm long, ovoid, bluish-black. Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Moist woods, streambanks, also cultivated. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - There are other species of Ligustrum which are cultivated in Missouri and escaping into the wild, as this species has done. The majority of these species are fairly difficult to tell apart. These plants should not be willingly spread as they can be invasive and are beginning to become common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Acanthaceae Stems - To +40cm tall, herbaceous, rooting at nodes below, from creeping rhizomes, glabrous, with seven distinct vascular bundles in a ring and one bundle in center of that ring when stem is cut in cross section. Leaves - Opposite, sessile to very short-petiolate, linear to linear-elliptic or linear-lanceolate, to +10cm long, 2.5cm broad, glabrous, entire to shallow crenate.
Inflorescence - Axillary capitate pedunculate spikes to +/-3cm long. Peduncles to +10cm long. Flowers opposite.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, white to pale lavender or pale violet. Corolla tube 4-5mm long. Upper lip reflexed, bluish to purplish 6-7mm long, 5mm broad, notched at apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. Larger central lobe with purple mottling, 1cm long, 5mm broad. Lateral lobes spreading, 8mm long, 3mm broad, typically white. Stamens 2, adnate near apex of corolla tube, slightly exserted from upper lip. Filaments white, 5mm long, glabrous. Anthers with distinct sacs, purplish to brownish. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.2mm long, conic. Style white, glabrous, 9mm long. Calyx 5-lobed. Lobes to 6mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, green, acute to acuminate, with lighter margins. Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Wet locations, typically in still water. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The plant forms large mats or colonies on the shoreline of lakes, ponds and streams. It is very common. Although the flowers have a tremendous amount of purplish tint, they still look whitish from a distance.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hydrangeaceae Stems - To 2.5m tall, multiple from base, branching, woody. Leaves - Opposite, 5-7 lobed, petiolate, margins serrate, tomentose below, sparsely hairy to glabrous above, to +12cm broad, +15cm long.
Inflorescence - Dense, terminal panicle to +30cm long. Peduncle and axis puberulent to tomentose. Flowers - Outer flowers of inflorescence with 4 white, petaloid sepals (petals absent), sterile, to +2.5cm broad. Inner flowers small, with greenish sepals, fertile. Stamens 8-10, spreading. Filaments greenish-white, to 8mm long, glabrous. Anthers biglobose, whitish, 1.2mm broad.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to southeastern U.S. (Florida, Georgia, Mississippi). Other info. - This species is unmistakable while flowering because of the large panicles it produces. There are around 7-8 cultivars on the market. It prefers well drained yet cool soil. The species name means "Oak-leaved" and the leaves do slightly resemble those of the Red Oak group.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Hydrangeaceae Stems - To +2m tall, glabrous, glaucous, suffrutescent, terete, with white pith, erect, multiple from the base, branching. Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to 15cm long, often with a purple tinge, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Blades broadly ovate to orbicular, dentate, sparse strigose above, pubescent below, acute, deep green above, silvery-green below, +/-13cm in diameter.
Inflorescence - Terminal cyme. Branches of inflorescence fleshy, pubescent, Outermost flowers sterile, with large white bracts. Innermost flowers fertile. Pedicels to 3mm long on inner flowers. Flowers - Fertile flowers - Petals 5, white, ovate, fugacious, glabrous, cupped, distinct, to 2mm long, 1mm broad. Stamens 10, erect to spreading. Filaments white, to 5mm long, glabrous. Anthers white, 2-lobed, 1mm broad. Styles 2, white, thickened, glabrous, -1mm long. Ovary partially inferior, 2-locular, with many ovules. Placentation axile. Hypanthium white, 1mm long, mostly glabrous. Outermost flowers - White bracts to +/-1cm in diameter, orbicular, pubescent, typically unequal.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Rich wooded slopes, ravines, along streams, base of bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the Ozark region of Missouri. It prefers shaded low woods. The plant would do well in a shaded garden setting and should be cultivated more. Steyermark breaks the species up into many different varieties and forms depending on leaf pubescence, leaf shape, and the presence or not of the sterile flowers. I won't go into these plants here as many of them are not valid. "arborescens" means "becoming tree-like" since the plant gets woody with age.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月12日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rubiaceae Stems - To 30cm tall, multiple from base, from taproot, erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, glabrous, dichotomously branching. Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear, glabrous to scabrous, entire, to +3cm long, 3mm broad, acute.
Stipule at base of leaves. Inflorescence - Flowers many near apex of stems forming a corymbiform cyme. Each division of inflorescence subtended by a pair of foliaceous bracts (reduced leaves).
Flowers - Corolla 4-lobed, white. Tube to 3.3mm long, glabrous externally, densely pubescent internally. Lobes spreading, glabrous externally, densely pubescent internally, to 3mm long. Stamens 4, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate at apex of corolla tube. Filaments to 1mm long, whitish. Anthers -2mm long, blue-purple. Style glabrous, 2.7mm long, greenish-white. Hypanthium to 1.1mm long, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate, acute, 1.6mm long, with few marginal cilia near base or not. Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Dry exposed areas of loess hills, rocky ledges, limestone bluffs and glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is compact, densely branched, and produces many flowers. It is really an attractive little plant. It can be found in the Ozark section of the state north to a few eastern counties that border the Missouri river. H. nigricans is absent from most of the northern part of the state but reappears in a few northwest counties where the loess hills are found. A synonym is Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosb.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月11日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Caryophyllaceae Stems - To -30cm tall, multiple from the base, herbaceous, erect, simple, glandular pubescent in the internodes, from a small taproot. Leaves - Opposite, sessile, +/-3 pairs per stem, ovate-lanceolate, glandular pubescent on the margins, entire, sub-acute, +/-2cm long, 5-6mm broad, more linear at the base of the plant, light blue-green. Opposing pairs of leaves joined at the base and enclosing the stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal umbel of 5-10 flowers. Pedicels glabrous and filiform, to -2cm long, erect in flower, drooping later, erect again in fruit. Umbels subtended by minute involucre of connate bracts. Bracts acute, the free portion to 1mm long, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 5, distinct, white, erose at the apex, +/-4mm long, 2mm broad, tapering to a short claw at the base, glabrous. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, to -3mm long. Anthers pale yellow, .4mm long, globose. Ovary superior, light green, glabrous, ovoid, 1.5mm long, 1mm in diameter, unilocular, many-ovuled. Placentation free-central. Styles 3, distinct, 1mm long. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous internally and externally, green, with scarious margins, accrescent, to 3mm long, 1.6mm broad in flower, acute, entire. Capsule to 5mm long, apically dehiscent, brown, scarious, 6-lobed at apex. Seeds ferruginous, 1mm long, glabrous.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, waste places. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its small size and terminal umbellate inflorescence. The plant has a short growing season and dries quickly after flowering. It can be found in quantity when growing undisturbed.
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