动态第419页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2017年12月20日

[图片]蟹爪兰嫩绿色，新出茎节带红色，主茎圆，易木质化，分枝多，呈节状，刺座上有刺毛，花着生于茎节顶部刺座上。常见栽培品种有大红、粉红、杏黄、和纯白色。因节径连接形状如螃蟹的副爪。叶状茎扁平多节，肥厚，卵圆形，鲜绿色，先端截形，边缘具粗锯齿。花着生于茎的顶端，花被开张反卷，花色有淡紫、黄、红、纯白、粉红、橙和双色等。 [图片]蟹爪兰叶子发黄原因蟹爪兰叶子变黄无非就是所处环境与理想环境相差过大，如养分不足、湿度过小、寒流侵袭、土壤板结，病虫害，盆土过干，大家可以根据这些原因一一排除。有两个重要的致病因素值得大家注意，蟹爪兰花后会经历一段时间的休眠期，植株停止生长，此时浇水过多，导致盆土潮湿，叶子发黄。春夏季节光照较强，室外养护时若不遮阴，叶子也会发黄。蟹爪兰叶子发黄处理办法合理施肥蟹爪兰对肥料的需求不大，进入育蕾期需及时补充肥料，以促进花芽正常分化。缺肥时直接到去买磷酸二氢钾，直接兑水浇灌，记住浓度要低。控制水量浇水要有所节制，不能浇水太勤，盆土表面干则浇水。冬季根据盆土浇水，只干不湿。湿度适中室内养护蟹爪兰不能让植株离暖气片上或空调的出风口太近，否则叶面水分蒸发较快，叶片脱水，渐渐的整个植株萎蔫发黄。害虫防治蟹爪兰的主要害虫是红蜘蛛、蚧壳虫，一经发现及时摘除叶片并用药物喷杀。休眠蟹爪兰一年中会有两次生长期和两次半休眠期，根据生长规律浇水，不同时期放在不同位置。休眠期注意控水停肥。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

[图片]碰碰香为唇形科马刺花属(延命草属)植物，也称绒毛香茶菜，为亚灌木状多年生草本植物。多分枝，全株被有细密的白色绒毛。肉质叶，交互对生，绿色，卵圆形，边缘有钝锯齿。茎细瘦，匍匐状，分枝多，叶圆形，叶片毛茸茸，花小，白色。 [图片]碰碰香叶子发黄的原因水大了浇水过多是许多花友都会犯的错误，浇水过多容易烂根。所以首先你要检查是否水浇多了，。碰碰香不耐水，水多烂根，烂根叶子会发黄。施肥的问题盆栽的碰碰香土壤有限，单靠土壤的肥力肯定是不够的，所以要施肥。但是，施肥过多或者缺肥都会导致叶片发黄。施肥过多，造成肥害；施肥过少，养分不足。自然原因时间一长，碰碰香的茎会逐渐的木质化，周边的叶子也会发黄，逐渐枯掉，这是正常现象，枯掉后会逐渐长出新枝。碰碰香叶子发黄处理方法花友在遇到叶子发黄问题时，心疼肉肉手忙脚乱，但不要盲目补救，按照下面的方法试试看。换土最直接的方式就是换土。碰碰香喜欢透气透水强的土质，可以用的鹿沼土+小碎石+普通养殖土+蚯蚓粪（肥料）。换盆的选用有时碰碰香叶子发黄是盆的原因，盆下一定要有小气孔，便于渗水如果你的盆没有建议换一下。大水强阳光白天将碰碰香放在阳光下，暴晒，傍晚或者清晨浇水，一次浇透，水干了再浇水。阴天，雨天减少浇水，以免烂根。长时间通风肉肉要放在通风较好的地方，不要放在封闭的阳台，尤其是夏季室内闷热，最好放在有穿堂风的地方。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

[图片]听到鸿运当头，很多人以为是成语，或者是电影名称。其实，我们要说的鸿运当头，是一种凤梨科的花卉，因为花芯鲜红，所以又名为鸿运当头。它代表着完美。鸿运当头这种花卉，花在株顶或者中部开放，花叶繁盛，花色红艳，很有喜庆的气息。叶宽带形，呈现暗绿色。穗状花序类似圆锥状，苞片密生，尖端是黄色的。正因为这种凤梨科植物顶部开满了红花，所以借用鸿运当头这个成语来命名，表示好运。它的花语是完美，在人们的眼中，鸿运当头是吉祥高贵的花卉。 [图片]鸿运当头叶子发黄：温度过高或偏低鸿运当头喜欢温暖湿润的环境，最适宜的生长温度为21~28℃，最高温度不能高于30℃，高温对其生长不利，生长减缓。但温度若长期处于10℃，叶片或苞片会出现变红、变白的失色现象。因温度过低而出现发黄现象，可喷洒防冻防寒剂，适当的提升温度皆可。若温度过高及时通风降温，会逐渐改善。鸿运当头叶子发黄：浇水过多或不足鸿运当头喜欢湿润的环境，保持盆土湿润即可，阴雨天一般不浇水。家庭浇水最好选用晾晒过的水，不要直接用凉水浇灌。浇水不当就会出现叶子发黄的现象。浇水要适量，控制好度，可以往叶筒中加入少量的水，浇水过少时，可以作为补充。每日可往叶面上喷洒一次清水，清除粉尘，使叶色亮丽，还可以加强植株的光合作用，促进植株的生长。鸿运当头叶子发黄：放置位置不适鸿运当头不吸收辐射，若将植株放在空调口、电视机旁，辐射过大就会造成叶子发黄。另外，植株开花后，叶子逐渐发黄萎蔫是正常现象，不要担心。鸿运当头叶子发黄：施肥不当现在市面上的鸿运当头的花期在冬季，所以需要足够的养分，通常每周施肥一次，可以选择豆饼、麻将渣的浸泡液，或者发酵的淘米水。当施肥不足或缺氮时，枝叶瘦弱，叶薄而黄。需及时倒盆，换入新的疏松肥沃的培养土逐渐增施稀薄腐熟液肥或复合花肥。若施肥过多，新叶肥厚，表面凹凸不平，老叶干尖焦黄脱落。此时，应立即停止施肥，增加浇水量，使肥料从盆底排水孔流出，或立即倒盆，用水冲洗土坨后再重新栽入盆内。鸿运当头叶子发黄：光照不合适要使鸿运当头叶色明亮、定期开花，光照十分重要，冬天光照时间至少在4~5小时，阴雨天可灯光增加光照。夏季将植株放在阴凉处，适当遮阴。只要光照适宜，叶片发黄的现象是不会出现的。鸿运当头叶子发黄：土质不合通常从花卉市场直接买回的植株，土壤都不会有什么问题，只是在后期加土的时候，注意土质。若选择粘性较重的土壤，不利于植株的生长，建议直接购买花土添加。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

[图片]铁皮石斛是兰科草本植物。茎直立，圆柱形，长9-35厘米，粗2-4毫米，不分枝，具多节，节间长1-3-1.7厘米，常在中部以上互生3-5枚叶；叶二列，纸质，长圆状披针形，长3-4（-7）厘米，宽9-11（-15）毫米，先端钝并且多少钩转，基部下延为抱茎的鞘，边缘和中肋常带淡紫色；叶鞘常具紫斑，老时其上缘与茎松离而张开，并且与节留下1个环状铁青的间隙。 [图片]一、铁皮石斛能否放室内养对于都市生活的人来说，想养铁皮石斛就只能选择室内，那么睡觉的地方是否能养这种生活在海拔很高的地域的植物呢？答案是肯定的。虽然它的属性是微寒的，但是作为观赏，放在卧室是不成问题的。二、铁皮石斛的室内摆放位置很多人会喜欢把喜爱的植物摆在窗边，但是铁皮石斛不能放在窗边，中午光比较多的时候会使叶片变色。所以想放在卧室的话，可以选择明亮又不属于太阳直接照射的地方。三、铁皮石斛在室内养殖的注意事项 1、注意遮光铁皮石斛是很拍晒的植物。不能一直有阳光，但是也不能一直在阴影中。不论是春夏还是秋冬，铁皮石斛都不能接收百分之百的光照。即使是寒冷的冬天，也应该遮蔽掉四分之一左右的光照。当然，光照十分少的时候就可以选择不遮光。 2、注意温度阴凉是铁皮石斛的最爱，这种植物喜欢凉爽的环境，不过这个猜也猜到了，毕竟它是适合在海拔很高的地方生长的植物呀。这样的话它适宜的温度究竟是多少呢？正常情况下，10-15摄氏度是最合适的。温差还是要适当，太小的花也会影响它的开花。 3、注意湿度这个和其他家养植物差不多，适当的喷水就好，确保湿度得到保障。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

Description: This perennial plant is 1–2½' tall and more or less erect. The central stem is unbranched below, while above it branches occasionally. The stems are medium green, terete, and mostly glabrous, except at the bases of leaves, where they have tufts of hair. Pairs of opposite sessile leaves are distributed evenly along the stems. Lobed leaves are 1-3" long and about one-half as much across (in outline), while unlobed leaves are up to 1" long and less than ¼" across; they are widely spreading to ascending. Each leaf is usually divided into 2 lateral lobes and a terminal lobe; some of the uppermost leaves and small axillary leaves lack lobes. Both lateral and terminal lobes are narrowly oblong in shape; the lateral lobes occur toward the middle of each leaf, where they diverge from each other at about a 60º angle. Both unlobed leaves and the bases of lobed leaves are narrowly oblong. The leaf margins are smooth (entire). Upper leaf surfaces are medium to dark green and glabrous, while lower leaf surfaces are medium green and glabrous. The upper stems terminate in either solitary or pairs of flowerheads (usually the former) on peduncles that are more or less erect and about ½–2" long. These peduncles are medium green, terete, and glabrous. Each flowerhead spans about 1½–2" across, consisting of a dense head of numerous disk florets that are surrounded by about 8 ray florets. The tiny corollas of the disk florets are yellow, tubular in shape, and 4-5 lobed. The petaloid rays of the flowerheads are yellow, broadly oblong in shape, and somewhat truncate and ragged along their tips. Surrounding the base of each flowerhead, there are about 8 appressed phyllaries (inner floral bracts) in a single series; these phyllaries are yellowish green, broadly ovate in shape, and about 8 mm. long. Slightly below the base of each flowerhead, there are about 8 outer bracts that are ascending to erect; these outer bracts are green, glabrous, narrowly oblong in shape, and 8-12 mm. long. The blooming period occurs during early summer, lasting about 3 weeks. There is no noticeable floral scent. Afterwards, the florets are replaced by achenes. These achenes are about 5 mm. long, brown or grayish brown, oblong to elliptic-oblong in shape, slightly concave-convex, longitudinally and finely ridged, and hairless; the apices of these achenes are truncate, lacking hairs or significant scales. The root system is fibrous and long-rhizomatous, often forming colonies of clonal plants. During autumn, the deciduous foliage of this plant often acquires reddish tints. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry-mesic conditions, and soil containing loam, clay-loam, sandy loam, or some gravel. This plant is easy to cultivate. It may sprawl across the ground unless it receives full sun and rather lean treatment with fertilizer and water. While it can spread aggressively from its rhizomes, Prairie Coreopsis is more impressive when it is allowed to form clonal colonies. The foliage usually remains in good condition until hard frost during the autumn. Range & Habitat: The native Prairie Coreopsis occurs occasionally in most counties of Illinois, but it is rare or absent in SE Illinois and some western counties (see Distribution Map). Habitats include well-drained black soil prairies, sand prairies, gravel prairies, hill prairies, thickets, open areas of rocky upland forests, savannas, limestone glades, and abandoned fields. Prairie Coreopsis is usually found in high quality natural areas because the dispersion of its seeds is rather limited and it is infrequently cultivated. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract many kinds of insects because of their abundance and accessibility. These floral visitors include digger bees (Melissodes spp.), cuckoo bees (Epeolus spp., Nomada spp.), leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.), Halictid bees (including green metallic bees), dagger bees (Calliopsis spp., Heterosarus spp.), Sphecid wasps and other wasps, Syrphid flies (Eristalis spp. and others), bee flies (Exoprosopa spp. and others), thick-headed flies (Conopidae), Tachinid flies, bottle flies (Lucilia spp.), Muscid flies, butterflies, skippers, moths, and beetles (Robertson, 1929). A digger bee, Melissodes coreopsis, is an oligolege (specialist pollinator) of Coreopsis spp. Some insects feed destructively on the plant juices, flowerheads, and other parts of Prairie Coreopsis and other Coreopsis spp. These species include the Red-spotted Aster Mirid (Polymerus basalis), an aphid (Uroleucon reynoldense), the Ragweed Leaf Beetle (Calligrapha bidenticola) and Coreopsis Leaf Beetle (Calligrapha californica coreopsivora), and larvae of such moths as the Dimorphic Gray (Tornos scolopacinarius), Wavy-lined Emerald (Synchlora aerata), and Common Tan Wave (Pleuroprucha insulsaria). The larvae of the latter two moths feed on the flowerheads. See Knight (1941), Blackman & Eastop (2013), Clark et al. (2004), Wagner (2005), and Covell (1984/2005) for more information. Mammalian herbivores occasionally browse on the foliage of Coreopsis spp., including rabbits, groundhogs, deer, horses, and livestock. [图片]Photographic Location: Photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Among the many prairie wildflowers with showy yellow flowerheads, Prairie Coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) has the advantage of flowering somewhat earlier in the summer than most of them. It also blooms before the warm-season prairie grasses develop rapidly in response to hot summer weather, allowing its flowerheads to be seen from a distance by flower-visiting insects. Prairie Coreopsis can be distinguished from Sand Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) by its more deeply lobed and shorter leaves; these leaves are distributed evenly along the stems, while the leaves of Sand Coreopsis are more clustered toward the bottoms of the stems. In contrast, the leaves of Prairie Coreopsis have wider lobes than the leaves of Large-flowered Coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora) and Whorled Coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata). The leaves of these latter two species have lobes that are thread-like, rather than finger-like. Finally, Prairie Coreopsis is a much shorter plant that blooms earlier than Tall Coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris). In addition, the deeply lobed leaves of this latter species are much larger in size.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

Description: Fertile shoots of this perennial plant are 1½–3' tall, while infertile shoots consist of tufted basal leaves. The basal leaves are erect, ascending, or widely spreading; they are 3-6" long, ½–1" across, elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate in shape, and entire (toothless) along their margins. The slender petioles of basal leaves are 1-4" long. The upper and lower surfaces of basal leaves are light-medium green and either glabrous (var. lanceolata) or irregularly covered with white hairs (var. villosa). Fertile shoots produce one or more stems from the base of each plant; these stems are ascending to erect, although their bases may rest on the ground. The stems are light-medium green, terete, and either glabrous (var. lanceolata) or irregularly covered with white hairs (var. villosa). Pairs of sessile opposite leaves occur primarily along the lower one-half of each plant. Individual opposite leaves are either unlobed, or they may have 1-4 basal/lateral lobes and a terminal lobe. Unlobed opposite leaves are 1-4" long, linear-elliptic to elliptic in shape, and entire along their margins. Other opposite leaves have lobes that are ½–3" long, linear-elliptic to elliptic in shape, and entire along their margins. Some opposite leaves may have 1-2 short basal lobes, while other opposite leaves may have 2 basal lobes and 2 lateral lobes that are longer. The upper and lower surfaces of opposite leaves are light-medium green and either glabrous (var. lanceolata) or irregularly covered with white hairs (var. villosa). The stems terminate in solitary flowerheads on long naked peduncles (flowering stalks) up to 12" long. Each flowerhead spans 2-3" across, consisting of about 8 sterile ray florets that surround a dense head of numerous fertile disk florets. The petaloid rays of the flowerhead are yellow, oblanceolate to obovate in shape, and 4-lobed along their tips. In addition to the 4 primary lobes, some secondary lobes may be present, providing the tips of the petaloid rays with a ragged appearance. [图片]The corollas of the disk florets are about 6 mm. (¼") in length, yellow, tubular in shape, and 4-5 lobed. At the base of each flowerhead, there is a single series of about 8 phyllaries (inner floral bracts). These phyllaries are about 8-10 mm. long, yellowish green to yellowish brown, and deltate-oval in shape; they are appressed along the bases of the petals when the flowerhead is in bloom. Slightly below the base of the flowerhead, there is a single series of 8 outer bracts that are similar to the phyllaries, except they are more green and lanceolate-ovate in shape. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1 month for a colony of plants. Afterwards, the disk florets are replaced by achenes that are about 3 mm. long, 3 mm. across (including the membranous wings), brown, and flattened (slightly convex on one side and slightly concave on the other side). The tips of these achenes soon become truncate because their paired awns are early-deciduous. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous, often forming colonies of clonal plants. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and poor soil containing sandy or rocky material. This plant will adapt to soil containing fertile loam if it is well-drained and taller plants are kept away from it. This plant is easy to grow from transplants. In open areas with exposed ground, it may spread aggressively. Range & Habitat: The native Sand Coreopsis occurs in NE Illinois, counties along the Illinois River, SW Illinois, and scattered counties elsewhere within the state (see Distribution Map). In Illinois, it is an uncommon plant. Habitats include mesic to dry sand prairies, gravel prairies, hill prairies, limestone glades, thinly wooded bluffs, areas along railroads, and roadsides. Some local populations, particularly in heavily populated NE Illinois, may be plants that have escaped cultivation. In addition, some populations within the state are the result of habitat restoration efforts. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract many kinds of insect visitors, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, skippers, day-flying moths, and beetles. A long-tongued bee, Melissodes coreopsis) is an oligolege (specialist pollinator) of Coreopsis spp. Some insects feed destructively on the plant juices, flowerheads, and other parts of Sand Coreopsis and other Coreopsis spp. These species include the Ragweed Leaf Beetle (Calligrapha bidenticola) and Coreopsis Leaf Beetle (Calligrapha californica coreopsivora), the Red-spotted Aster Mirid (Polymerus basalis), an aphid (Uroleucon reynoldense), and the larvae of such moths as the Dimorphic Gray (Tornos scolopacinarius), Wavy-lined Emerald (Synchlora aerata), and Common Tan Wave (Pleuroprucha insulsaria); see Clark et al. (2004), Knight (1941), Blackman & Eastop (2013), Covell (1984/2005), and Wagner (2005) for more information. The larvae of the latter two moths feed on the flowerheads. Mammalian herbivores occasionally browse on the foliage of Coreopsis spp., including rabbits, groundhogs, deer, horses, and livestock. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at a sand prairie of Kickapoo State Park in Vermilion County, Illinois, and at a flower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Another common name for this plant is Lance-leaved Coreopsis, even though the leaves are usually more broad toward their tips than near their bases. Sand Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) can be distinguished from other Coreopsis spp. primarily by the lack of lobes on its basal leaves and some of its opposite leaves. Different populations of Sand Coreopsis can vary significantly in the hairiness of the stems and leaves, ranging from glabrous (var. lanceolata) to conspicuously hairy (var. villosa). It has been suggested that the hairy variety may be the result of a naturally occurring hybrid of Coreopsis lanceolata with Coreopsis pubescens, or that it should be considered a distinct species (see Flora of North America, Vol. 21, at: www.efloras.org). Sand Coreopsis is often grown in flower gardens because of its showy flowerheads. As a result, many cultivars have been developed, including those that are double-flowered and bicolored.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

Description: This perennial plant is about 2' tall, unbranched, and hairless. The leaves are arranged oppositely or alternately at intervals along the stem (usually the former). They are pinnatifid and deeply lobed. The leaf segments are linear and rather irregular; the terminal segment is usually the largest. A few leaves at the bottom or the top may be linear and lack lobes. These leaves are up to 3" long and 2" across, although the linear leaf segment are less than ¼" across. At the apex of the plant, is a rather long and naked flowering stem with a single composite flower about 2½" across. It consists of 6-12 yellow ray florets that surround numerous golden yellow disk florets. Each ray floret has 4-5 notches along the outer edge. This provides the composite flower with an attractive, somewhat ragged, appearance. The blooming period occurs during early to mid-summer and lasts about a month. This is little or no floral scent. The flowerbuds have a smooth, spherical appearance, and are olive green. The achenes are flat and rather oblong, with two have small scales at the apex. They are distributed to a limited extent by the wind. The root system has rhizomes, causing colonies to be formed. Cultivation: The preference is full sun and dry conditions. This plant is typically found in a rather heavy soil containing clay or gravel. At a well-drained site, it is an easy plant to grow, and has few problems with foliar disease. Range & Habitat: The non-native Large-Flowered Coreopsis occurs primarily in western Illinois and the Chicago area (see Distribution Map). This plant is originally from areas that lie west and southwest of Illinois, but it has since spread as an occasional escape from cultivation and other disturbances of modern development. In Illinois, it is a rather uncommon plant, but probably occurs in more areas than official records indicate. Habitats include upland areas of prairie (including prairie restorations), openings in rocky upland forests, thickets, glades, roadsides, and miscellaneous waste areas. Faunal Associations: Like other coreopsis species, a wide range of insects are probably attracted to the flowers, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers. These insects usually seek nectar, although bees sometimes collect pollen. An oligolege of Coreopsis spp. is Melissodes coreopsis (Coreopsis Miner Bee). The larvae of the moths Tornos scolopacinarius (Dimorphic Gray) and Enychlora acida (Wavy-Lined Emerald) feed on the foliage or flowerheads. Such mammalian herbivores as rabbits, groundhogs, livestock, and probably deer occasionally consume the foliage as well. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at Meadowbrook Park in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Large-Flowered Coreopsis has showy flowers and attractive foliage. For these reasons, it is often available through the nursery trade and cultivated in gardens. This species can be distinguished from other Coreopsis spp. by the ragged appearance of the flower petals, and the linear pinnate leaves that occur along the stems, usually in opposite pairs. The species Coreopsis lanceolata (Sand Coreopsis) has ragged-looking petals, but its leaves are primarily lanceolate or oblanceolate in shape and confined near the base of the central stem. An eastern species that hasn't been observed in Illinois in natural areas, Coreopsis verticillata (Whorled Coreopsis), has leaves with a similar appearance, but they occur in whorls of three along the central stem. Also, the flowers of Whorled Coreopsis don't have a ragged appearance because their petals lack conspicuous outer notches. The narrowness of the leaves of Large-Flowered Coreopsis is somewhat variable, depending on the variety.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

Description: This perennial wildflower is ½–2' tall and either unbranched or sparingly branched. The central stem is green, glabrous to pubescent (usually the latter), terete, erect, and rather succulent. A few alternate leaves occur along the length of the central stem (and any lateral stems); they are widely spreading and slightly recurved. The leaf blades are 2-6" long and ¼–1" across; they are medium green, glabrous (or nearly so), slightly fleshy, linear to lanceolate in shape, parallel-veined, and smooth along their margins. The base of each leaf blade is sessile, or it has short petiole. Each leaf has a closed sheath about ½" long. The upper margin of each sheath is rolled outward, above which there is a tuft of long hairs. There are both axillary and terminal flowers. The flowers usually occur individually, less often in cymes of 2-3. [图片]Each flower spans ¾–1¼" across, consisting of 2 large blue petals (above), 1 small white petal (below), 3 light green sepals, a pistil with a single slender style, and 6 stamens. The petals are well-rounded, but become very narrow at the base. There are 3 kinds of stamens: 3 sterile stamens with cross-shaped pseudo-anthers that are bright yellow, 1 central food stamen with a bright yellow butterfly-shaped anther, and 2 lateral stamens with gray or purple anthers. The sterile stamens (staminodia) are located a little above and behind the food stamen. The pollen of both the food stamen and lateral stamens are yellow. Below each flower, there is a keeled green spathe that resembles the hull of a boat. The upper edges of the spathe are rounded, while the folded edge below is flat and ciliate. The upper edges of the spathe are joined together at the base (behind the flower) for about one-third the length of the spathe, otherwise they are open. Each folded spathe is ½–1½" long and about one-half as much tall. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early fall and lasts about 2 months. Each flower remains open for a few hours during the morning, after which it closes. There is no noticeable floral scent. The flowers are capable of self-pollination. Each flower is replaced by a 3-celled seed capsule; each cell of the capsule contains a single seed. Individual seeds are about 1/8" long, brown, and smooth. The root system consists of fleshy fibrous roots. This wildflower reproduces by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is partial to full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and sandy or rocky soil. Range & Habitat: The native Slender Dayflower is occasional in the western half of Illinois, NE Illinois, and southern Illinois, otherwise it is absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include dry sand prairies, sand dunes, upland sandy woodlands, upland rocky woodlands, sandy savannas, thinly wooded bluffs and cliffs, rocky glades, sandy areas along railroads, and areas along sandy paths. Slender Dayflower benefits from occasional wildfires as this reduces the encroachment of woody vegetation. Generally, plants with more slender leaves (var. angustifolia and var. deamii) are more common in prairies than the typical variety. Faunal Associations: The flowers are pollinated by various long-tongued bees, which collect pollen from the food stamen. No nectar is provided as a floral reward. A group of several leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) are known to feed on Slender Dayflower; the larvae typically bore through the stems, while the adults occasionally feed on the leaves. These leaf beetle species include: Neolema jacobina, Neolema quadriguttata, Oulema cornuta, Oulema elongata, and Oulema simulans. The seeds of Commelina spp. (Dayflowers) are eaten by the Bobwhite and Mourning Dove, while the foliage is occasionally browsed by White-Tailed Deer, domestic cattle, and similar hoofed mammalian herbivores. Photographic Location: A sandy path at Hooper Branch Savanna Nature Preserve in Iroquois County, Illinois. The photographed plant is probably Commelina erecta var. deamii. Comments: Both the flowers and foliage are ornamental. The "true blue" color of the upper petals is very rare among wildflowers. The flowers of Slender Dayflower are very similar to those of the introduced Commelina communis (Asiatic Dayflower). It differs from the latter species by its more erect stems, more slender leaves, and the joined upper margins at the base of its spathes. The Asiatic Dayflower can form rootlets at its nodes, thereby establishing vegetative colonies, and its seeds are irregular and wrinkled. Slender Dayflower, in contrast, does not form rootlets at its nodes and its seeds are smooth. Slender Dayflower is a highly variable species, and three different varieties have been described for Illinois: 1) var. erecta has wide leaves (¾" or more) and large spathes (¾–1½" long), 2) var. angustifolia has narrow leaves (less than ¾" across) and small spathes (less than ¾" long), and 3) var. deamii has narrow leaves (less than ¾" across) and large spathes (¾–1½" long). Because these three varieties can intergrade, some field specimens may be difficult to classify.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月20日

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is up to 1' tall; its leafy stems are either unbranched or sparingly branched. The stems are light green or light reddish green, terete, and glabrous. Abundant alternate leaves occur along the entire length of each stem. These leaves are ¾–1½" long, ¼–½" across, and either sessile or short-petiolate; they are oblong-elliptic to broadly oblong-elliptic in shape and their margins are entire (toothless). The upper leaf surface is grayish green and glabrous, while the lower leaf surface is slightly more pale and glabrous. Leaf venation is pinnate. Some of the stems terminate in flat-topped clusters of white flowers spanning ¾–1½" across. Sometimes these flowers are tinted green or pink. Each flower is about ¼" across, consisting of a shallow bell-shaped corolla with 5 sepals (rarely 4), 5 short stamens, and an inferior ovary with a single short style. The sepals are lanceolate in shape with spreading tips when a flower is fully open. The central stalk, branches, and pedicels of each inflorescence are light green to light reddish green, terete, and glabrous. Individual pedicels are up to ¼" long. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer, lasting about 1 month for a colony of plants. Usually, relatively few flowers are in bloom at the same time in each inflorescence. There is no noticeable floral scent. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by small oily drupes spanning about ¼" across. Each thin-fleshed drupe contains a single large seed that is globoid in shape. The drupes gradually change color from green to brown, and they are said to have a sweet taste while still immature. The root system is fibrous and long-rhizomatous. Colonies of clonal plants are often produced by the thick woody rhizomes. The fibrous roots send out underground suckers (haustoria) that parasitize other plants. As a result, Bastard Toadflax is hemiparasitic. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, mesic to dry conditions, and an acidic to neutral soil containing loam, sand, or rocky material. This plant is an alternate host of Comandra Blister Rust (Cronartium comandrae). This fungal disease also attacks hard pines (Pinus spp.). Bastard Toadflax is partially parasitic on the root systems of a wide variety of plants, including grasses, forbs, shrubs, and trees. Range & Habitat: The native Bastard Toadflax occurs occasionally in most areas of Illinois, but it is less common in the southern section of the state (see Distribution Map). This plant can be locally abundant at some high quality sites. Habitats include black soil prairies, sand prairies, hill prairies, rocky open woodlands, thinly wooded ridges, sandy savannas, and barren areas with scrubby vegetation. Bastard Toadflax is usually found in higher quality natural areas with other native plants. Populations of this plant tend to increase when they are exposed to occasional wildfires or light to moderate grazing. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), soldier flies (Stratiomyidae), Syrphid flies, flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), Calliphorid flies, and Muscid flies. Less common floral visitors include various long-tongued bees, butterflies, and beetles (Robertson, 1929). The larvae of a moth, the Ochre-patched Epermeniid (Ochromolopis ramapoella), feed on the fruits of Bastard Toadflax. Other insects feeding on this plant include the polyphagous larvae of such Tortricid moths as the Oblique-banded Leafroller Moth (Choristoneura rosaceana), the Sparganothis Fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana), and the Pallid Leafroller Moth (Xenostemna pallorana); see Godfrey et al. (1987). It has been reported that the small oily fruits are eaten by birds and rodents (Hedgcock & Long, 1915; Mielke, 1957). Such animals may carry the fruits and their seeds for considerable distances, introducing this plant to new areas. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the Loda Cemetery Prairie in the southwest corner of Iroquois County, Illinois. Comments: This is one of the few herbaceous plants of the prairie that produces edible fruits, although they are thin-fleshed and small in size. With age, the flesh of these fruits becomes dry. Because Bastard Toadflax (Comandra umbellata) is the only member of its genus that occurs in Illinois, it is relatively distinct in appearance and easy to identify. Some small-flowered chickweeds (Stellaria spp., Cerastium spp.) superficially resemble Bastard Toadflax, but they can be distinguished by the notched petals of their flowers and their foliage is often pubescent. A prairie species, Flowering Spurge (Euphorbia corolla), has superficially similar leafy stems while it is still young, but this species becomes taller later in the year and it also blooms later. While the foliage of Bastard Toadflax has clear sap, the foliage of Flowering Spurge has milky sap, like many other spurges (Euphorbia spp.).

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Miss Chen

2017年12月19日

[图片]绿元宝就是豆科植物栗豆树，因种子类似元宝的形状，因此取这个名字用，是蝶形花科，栗豆树属的常绿植物。室内盆栽的绿元宝为栗豆树的实生苗，通常高20～30厘米，基部生有2片饱含养分的豆瓣，形似一个元宝，故名。羽状复叶互生，小叶卵形，先端尖，深绿色，叶密集，形成密实的小树冠，观赏期约半年。一旦小树苗长得过高，就要移到大盆中栽培，有条件可种于室外空地或庭园，环境适宜时可长成一株常绿乔木。 [图片]绿元宝有毒吗绿元宝含微量毒素，但只是针对食用而言。叶含维生素(vitamin)C，鞣质；叶有毒，含水杨酸、内酯、酚性成分；种子含脂肪油。这一点点的毒素，对人体健康是构不成什么威胁的。绿元宝可以放在卧室养吗绿元宝是吸收甲醛净化空气的优质观叶植物，非常适合放在客厅养殖。绿元宝观赏价值高，株形雅气十足，深受人们的喜爱，是布置宾馆，会议室客厅等的优良观叶植物。放在卧室养殖，也是可以的，但是最好不要放在案头。因为夜晚植物也要进行呼吸作用，消耗氧气。人类熟睡中也在进行呼吸作用，消耗氧气。植株放在案头，就会导致案头的氧气比重降低，不利于人体呼吸作用的进行。一般放在卧室养殖的植物，都是放在梳妆台上，远离案头的地方。这样，既能增加卧室的绿意，又不妨碍夜晚彼此的睡眠，人与植物和谐相处。绿元宝卧室养殖注意事项虽然绿元宝是喜半阴的植物，但是也不能长期把它放在卧室不见阳光。要适时地将植株移到室外进行一下光合作用，晒一晒散射光是最好的。室内养殖，水分蒸发慢，浇水频率可降低，水量可减少。施肥浓度要降低，以液肥为宜。

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