动态第409页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2017年12月23日

[图片]彩叶草为多年生草本植物，是一种适应性十分强的花卉，在很多地方也可见到，尤其是南方，家庭庭院、室内盆栽、路边花坛等地方都可以见到，常被用作花坛、会场、剧院布置图案的观叶类花卉植物。 [图片]彩叶草叶子发黄原因水分不当彩叶草叶片大而薄，水分消耗较快，要求供水充足，若缺水，叶片很容易萎蔫失去光泽。当然，所处环境太干燥，也会导致叶片萎蔫。因此，彩叶草生长季节，特别是夏季，浇水要充足，并经常向叶面及环境喷水，保持土壤湿润，增强空气湿度。光照不适大部分的彩叶草为紫色，在阳光的照射下，淡淡的紫色，很耀眼。但光照过强，叶片会被灼伤，造成植株为难。若植株长期处于遮阴，缺光，叶片无法进行光合作用积攒养分，叶片也会发黄。施肥不当造成彩叶草叶子发黄的一个重要原因在于施肥过多，一次性施入过多的肥料，或施生肥，根部会被灼伤，阻碍了养分的运输，叶片会发黄。如何预防彩叶草叶子发黄保证充足的光照彩叶草要求有充足的光照，生长期间让其接受阳光照射，能使叶色鲜艳美丽；若光照不足，叶片的颜色会逐渐变淡，若长期处于遮阴的环境，叶片会发黄甚至萎蔫。除夏季和初秋中午前后需适当遮荫，防止强光曝晒外，其他季节都应给以充足的光照。保证充足的水分由于彩叶草叶片大而薄，水分消耗较快。若遇干旱，叶片容易凋萎，空气干燥则失去光彩，因此生长期间需保持盆土经常湿润，高温季节浇水要充足，同时需经常向叶面上喷水，提高空气湿度。及时补充养分生长旺季每月需施1次复合液肥，若施肥浇水过多，易引起植株徒长，株形髙大，节间过长，叶片稀疏，从而降低观赏价值。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月23日

[图片]双色茉莉又名鸳鸯茉莉、五色茉莉、番茉茉莉。由于开花有先后，在同一植株上同时能看到不同颜色的花，故得名“双色茉莉”，其英文名之意为“昨天、今天、明天”，这形象地描绘出其花色的特殊变化。 [图片]双色茉莉的叶子发黄：浇水不当由于长期浇水引起的叶黄，表现在嫩叶阳黄无光泽，老叶则无明显变化，根细小黄绿，新梢萎缩不长，应节制浇水，重者可脱盆，放荫凉处晒干土后再重新上盆。由于缺水或浇水偏少而引起叶片发黄。老叶自下而上枯黄脱落，但新叶一般生长正常。应适当加大浇水量和浇水次数。双色茉莉的叶子发黄：施肥不当由于施肥过多或浓度过大，新叶顶尖出现干褐色，老叶尖干焦枯黄脱落，一般叶面虽然肥厚有光泽，但大都凹凸不平。应停止浇肥或用清水淋洗肥份。盆花长期只浇水不浇肥，或多年不换盆，根须结成一团，植株得不到肥分，使叶发黄，除及时换盆外，平时应薄肥勤施。双色茉莉的叶子发黄：光照不当盆栽双色茉莉长期光照不足，叶片中的叶绿素减少，使叶片绿色渐渐消失，呈现出白化病，可将植株移到阳光充足的地方，使叶片慢慢变青。双色茉莉的叶子发黄：土壤偏碱双色茉莉是喜酸性土的花卉，若盆土或水质偏碱，常引起叶片由绿转黄，甚至脱落，除用酸性营养土载培，可使用矾肥水或0.2%-0.5%的硫酸亚铁水溶液喷施，既可使叶子由黄变青。双色茉莉的叶子发黄：温度不适双色茉莉不耐高温，高湿，因夏季炎热，通风暴不良，避阴不当而引起的发黄。要注意通风和降温，而盆土不能过温。另外，在寒冷的冬季，如室内温度低，双色茉莉的叶子也会变黄，脱落。此外，受病虫危害的时也能引起黄叶而脱落。如植株下部有少数叶片变黄脱落，那属正常。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月23日

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 2½–4' tall, branching sparingly. The stout central stem is round and covered with fine hooked hairs. The alternate compound leaves are trifoliate and have petioles about 1–2½" long. The leaflets are up to 3½" long and 1" across. A typical leaflet is lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate-ovate, with smooth margins, and a leathery texture. The base of a leaflet is rounded, while the tip is usually blunt. The lower surface is light or whitish green and has prominent veins; there are hooked hairs along the major veins. The central stem terminates in an elongated raceme of flowers about ½–1½' long. Usually, only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time. [图片]Each flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) in length (up and down), and either pale purple or white. The two upper petals are larger than the others and well-rounded; when these petals are pale purple, there is a small patch of white near the throat of the flower, which is surrounded by a narrow border of burgundy. There are also two side petals that enclose a lower petal, which project outward. Together, they form a typical pea-shaped flower. The hairy green calyx is divided into 5 lobes of unequal length, while the pedicels of the flowers are slender and hairy. The blooming period usually occurs during mid-summer and lasts about 3 weeks. There is no noticeable floral scent. The flowers are replaced by flat seedpods about 1-3" long that are called 'loments.' These loments have 3-9 segments that are well-rounded on both the upper and lower sides. The surface of these loments are covered with hooked hairs that can cling to clothing or fur. Individual segments of the loments can break off and cling to more than one passing carrier. The root system consists of a stout taproot. Vegetative colonies are not formed. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, mesic conditions, and a fertile loam or clay loam soil. This plant has good drought tolerance, and it appears to have fewer problems with powdery mildew than some other Desmodium spp., such as Desmodium canadense (Showy Tick Trefoil). If it is grown in full sun, Illinois Tick Trefoil remains quite erect because of its stout central stem. Its root system adds nitrogen to the soil. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Illinois Tick Trefoil occurs occasionally in most counties of central and northern Illinois, but it is uncommon or absent in many areas of southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include mesic to slightly dry black soil prairies, sand prairies (less typical), oak savannas, scrubby barrens, and areas along railroads and roadsides, especially where prairie remnants occur. Usually, this species occurs as scattered plants, and doesn't form the dense colonies of some Desmodium spp., such as Showy Tick Trefoil. Faunal Associations: The flowers attract long-tongued bees primarily, including bumblebees and leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.); only pollen is available as a floral reward. Other insect feed on the leaves, seeds, and other parts of Illinois Tick Trefoil and other tick trefoils (Desmodium spp.). These insects include the seed-eating larvae of Apion reconditum andTrifoliate Leaves other straight-snouted weevils; leaf-mining larvae of Pachyschelus laevigatus (a metallic wood-boring beetle); Colaspis brunnea (Grape Colaspis), Odontota horni (Soybean Leafminer), and other leaf beetles; larvae of Clinodiplosis meibomiifoliae and other gall flies; Aphis glycines (Soybean Aphid) and other aphids; the seed-eating Megalotomus quinquespinosus (Lupine Bug); leaf-eating larvae of Atomacera debilis (an Argid sawfly); flower- and bud-eating larvae of Grapholita fana (Chesire Cat Moth) and larvae of other moths; larvae of Thorybes bathyllus (Southern Cloudywing), Thorybes pylades (Northern Cloudywing), and other skippers; larvae of two butterflies, Everes comyntas (Eastern Tailed Blue) and Strymon melinus (Gray Hairstreak); and Neohydatothrips desmodianus (Tick Trefoil Thrips). The Insect Table provides a more complete list of these insects. Among vertebrate animals, the seeds of tick trefoils are eaten by the Bobwhite Quail, Wild Turkey, and White-footed Mouse (Martin et al., 1951/1961). The foliage is palatable to mammalian herbivores, including deer, rabbits, groundhogs, and livestock. These same animals help to distribute the seedpods, which cling to fur, spreading Illinois Tick Trefoil and other tick trefoils to new areas. People also help to distribute the seedpods because they readily cling to clothing. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the Shortline Railroad Prairie in Champaign County, Illinois. The plants were growing in a mesic black soil prairie not far from a corn field. Comments: Illinois Tick Trefoil is not very showy because only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time. Unlike other Desmodium spp. (Tick Trefoils), it has high fidelity to prairies, and is less often observed around woodlands. Illinois Tick Trefoil can be readily distinguished from Desmodium canadense (Showy Tick Trefoil), another species that often occurs in prairies, by considering the following features: 1) the former species usually has fewer flowers in bloom at the same time as the latter, 2) the compound leaves of the former have much longer petioles (over 1" long) than the latter, 3) the stipules at the base of the petioles of the former are larger, broader, and more persistant than the stipules of the latter, and 4) the undersides of the leaflets of the former have more prominent veins than the leaflets of the latter. In general, the form and number of segments in the loments are important in distinguishing the different species of Tick Trefoil, while their flowers are very similar in appearance. The loments of other Tick Trefoils usually have fewer segments than Illinois Tick Trefoil, and often the upper sides of their loments are more flat.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月23日

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 3' tall and normally erect, although it sometimes sprawls along the ground. The green central stem has fine white hairs, sometimes turning brown in response to drought. There are usually a few flowering side stems in the upper half of a large mature plant. The compound leaves consist of three leaflets that are greyish green. Each compound leaf has a short petiole with a pair of small deciduous sheaths at its base. The leaflets are 2-3½" long and less than half as wide. They are oblong or lanceolate in overall shape, but rounded at the tips rather than pointed. Their undersides have fine hooked hairs that cling to clothing or the fur of passing animals. [图片]Numerous pink flowers in an elongated panicle occur at the end of one or more of the upper stems. The flowers are about ½" across (as measured vertically), consisting of an upper and a lower petal. These petals are initially folded and keel-like, but eventually open wide, begining with the upper petal. There is a small patch of dark pink at the center of the flower, from which emerges an upwardly curved white tube containing the stigmas and pistil. There is no floral scent. Each flower occurs on a hairy red pedicel, and has a hairy greenish red calyx.The blooming period occurs during mid-summer and lasts about 3 weeks. The flat seedpods have 3 to 5 segments and are about 2½" long. Like the undersides of the leaves, they are covered with fine hooked hairs, and are distributed by passing animals. Usually, the lower side of a seedpod is more rounded than the upper side. Technically, these seedpods are called 'loments.' The root system consists of a taproot that is long, slender, and brown. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, and moist to mesic conditions. A loamy soil with some organic matter is quite satisfactory. The foliage is often discolored by powdery mildew. This plant increases the nitrogen content of the soil by means of root nodules. Central Stem & Trifoliate LeavesRange & Habitat: The native Showy Tick Trefoil occurs occasionally in most counties of central and northern Illinois, but is uncommon or absent in southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic black soil prairies, moist meadows along rivers, borders of lakes, thickets, limestone glades, and areas along railroads where prairie remnants occur. Faunal Associations: The most important visitors of the flowers are long-tongued bees, including bumblebees, Melissodes spp. (long-horned bees), and Megachile spp. (leaf-cutting bees). Only pollen is available as a floral reward (Robertson, 1929). Other insects feed on the foliage, seeds, and other parts of Showy Tick Trefoil and other Desmodium spp. (tick trefoils). These species include the seed-eating larvae of such weevils as Apion decoloratum and Apion reconditum; Odontota horni (Soybean Leafminer), Pachybrachis othonus, and other leaf beetles; larvae of such gall flies as Choristoneura hamata and Neolasioptera desmodii; Microparsus desmodiorum, Microparsus olivei, and other aphids; the seed-eating Megalotomus quinquespinosus (Lupine Bug); leaf-eating larvae of Atomacera debilis (an Argid sawfly); leaf-eating larvae of such moths as Caloptilia violacella and Parectopa lespedezaefoliella; leaf-eating larvae of such skippers as Thorybes bathyllus (Southern Cloudywing) and Thorybes pylades (Northern Cloudywing); larvae of two butterflies, Everes comyntas (Eastern Tailed Blue) and Strymon melinus (Gray Hairstreak); and Neohydatathrips desmodianus (Tick Trefoil Thrips). The flowering stems of Showy Tick Trefoil are a preferred food source of Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle), which can weaken this plant sufficiently to interfere with the formation of seedpods. For a more complete list of these insect feeders, see the Insect Table. Like many other members of the Bean family, this plant is highly edible to various mammalian herbivores, including deer, rabbits, groundhogs, and livestock. Some upland gamebirds and small rodents eat the seeds, including the Bobwhite Quail, Wild Turkey, White-Footed Mouse, and Woodland Deer Mouse (Martin et al., 1951/1961; Hamilton, 1941). The seedpods can cling to the fur of mammals and clothing of humans, causing this plant to spread into new areas. Photographic Location: Photographs were taken at Meadowbrook Park in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This is one of the showier Tick Trefoils because of the plentiful flowers, assuming it isn't marred by insects and disease. Showy Tick Trefoil is more attractive when it occurs in colonies, rather than as isolated plants. Distinguishing the different Desmodium spp. is rather difficult. Important features to consider are the number of segments and shape of the loments, and the size and structure of the compound leaves. Showy Tick Trefoil can be distinguished from Desmodium illinoense (Illinois Tick Trefoil) by examining the base of the compound leaves. The leaf-stem (primary petiole) connecting the compound leaf to the stem is much shorter in the former species than the latter species. Similarly, the leafy bracts at the base of the leaf-stem are smaller and more deciduous in the former species than the latter species.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月23日

Description: This is a herbaceous perennial plant about 2-4' tall that is either unbranched or sparingly so. The central stem is light green, grooved, and either glabrous or sparsely pubescent. The alternate compound leaves are bipinnate and up to 8" long; they have a ferny appearance. Each compound leaf has 8-12 pairs of even-pinnate leaflets; each even-pinnate leaflet consists of 20-40 pairs of closely spaced subleaflets. Individual subleaflets are about 1/8" (3 mm.) long and about one-third as much across; they are light to medium green, lanceolate-oblong in shape, ciliate along their margins, and sessile (or nearly so). The rachises (central stalks) of the compound leaves are whitish green from fine hairs and they are grooved along their upper sides. Small white flowerheads occur individually from the axils of the upper leaves on slender peduncles up to 3" long. The peduncles are glabrous to sparsely hairy. Each flowerhead is up to ½" across and ovoid-globoid in shape; it consists of a dense head of 25-50 florets that are oriented in nearly all directions. Each floret consists of a short-campanulate calyx with 5 teeth (less than 1 mm. in length), 5 white petals (about 1 mm. in length), an ovary with a single style, and 5 strongly exerted stamens. The stamens have white filaments and pale yellow anthers. When they are fully developed, these flowerheads have a starburst appearance that is typical of compound flowers in the Mimosa family, but they appear more lumpy than spherical because the florets bloom from the bottom to the top gradually, rather than all at once. The blooming period lasts 1-2 months during the summer. There is no noticeable floral scent. Afterwards, the flowerheads are replaced by clusters of 5-15 seedpods that become dark brown at maturity. Individual seedpods are about ½" in length and two-valved; they are curved and flattened. Each seedpod splits open along its valves, releasing 2-5 seeds. The seeds are reddish brown, ovoid-reniform in shape, somewhat flattened, and shiny. This plant spreads by reseeding itself. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full to partial sun and moist to mesic conditions. Some drought is tolerated, but the leaflets on the lower stems of the plant may fall off, and the buds of compound flowers may abort and turn brown. Growth is best in fertile loam, but other kinds of soil are readily tolerated. This plant fixes nitrogen in the soil. Foliar disease is rarely a problem. Range & Habitat: The native Illinois Bundleflower occurs primarily in NE Illinois, along the Illinois River valley in central Illinois, and along the Mississippi River valley in SW Illinois, favoring loamy or sandy alluvial soils. This plant is occasional in these areas, while in other areas of the state it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include black soil prairies, moist meadows near rivers, openings in woodlands, limestone glades, areas along railroads, and areas along levees. Because of the relatively high protein content of its foliage, Illinois Bundleflower has been planted in pastures to feed cattle, and it can be used in prairie restorations to improve worn-out soil. However, it recovers poorly from wildfires. Relatively open areas with a history of disturbance are preferred. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowerheads are occasionally visited by small bees and flies that seek nectar and pollen. The medium-sized seeds are consumed by various upland gamebirds, including the Ring-Necked Pheasant, Bobwhite Quail, and Greater Prairie Chicken. The foliage of this plant is highly palatable to mammalian herbivores because of its high protein content. It may have trouble surviving in areas where there is a surplus population of these animals and a shortage of predators. Photographic Location: Photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. [图片]Comments: The primary attraction of Illinois Bundleflower is the refined appearance of its fern-like foliage. The subleaflets of the compound leaves fold together at night, and they close partially during hot sunny days in order to reduce moisture loss. During the morning and evening, when sunlight is less intense, the compound leaves orient themselves in the direction of the sun in order to maximize the reception of its light. The small white flowerheads are short-lived and not particularly showy. Illinois Bundleflower is one of two members of the Mimosa family that occur in prairies in Illinois. The other plant, Schrankia uncinata (Sensitive Brier), is a sprawling vine that has pink starburst flowerheads and prickles along its stems and compound leaves.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月23日

Description: This perennial wildflower is 1½–3' tall, consisting of some basal leaves and a flowering stem with alternate leaves. The basal leaves are up to 4" long and 4" across; each basal leaf is palmately divided into 3-5 segments, and each of these segments are subdivided into linear lobes about 3-4 mm. across. The slender petioles of the basal leaves are up to 4" long. The alternate leaves are similar in appearance to the basal leaves, except they become smaller while ascending the stem and their petioles are shorter. The basal leaves, alternate leaves, and the petioles are finely pubescent and whitish green to green. The central stem is terete, short-pubescent, and whitish green; it is unbranched or sparingly branched where the floral racemes occur. The central stem terminates in an elongated raceme of flowers about ½–1' long; sometimes there are 1 or 2 lateral racemes that are shorter. Individual flowers are about 1" long and 1" across; depending on the local ecotype, they vary in color from light blue to deep blue-violet. Each flower consists of 5 sepals, 4 petals, 3 pistils, and numerous stamens. The petal-like sepals spread outward and they have rounded tips; the base of the uppermost sepal forms the ascending nectar spur, which curves upward. Near the tip of each sepal, there is often a patch of green. The small upper petals form a short hood over the throat of the flower and their bases extend into the nectar spur; they are often more white or light-colored than the lower petals or sepals. The lower petals are cleft and covered with fine woolly hairs; sometimes they are slightly purple. The pedicel of each flower is about 1" long and ascending; it has a pair of tiny linear bracts toward the middle. Near the base of each pedicel, there is a single linear bract that is larger in size and ascending. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 3-4 weeks. Each flower lasts about 1 week; several flowers are often in bloom at the same time. Each flower is replaced by a cluster of 3 seedpods (technically, follicles) that are joined together at the base. The individual seedpods are about ½–¾" long, angular in shape, and beaked; they are held erect. Each seedpod splits open along the inner side to release its seeds. The angular seeds are short-oblongoid with appressed scales; they are slightly winged along their margins. The root system is coarsely fibrous. Reproduction is by seed. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full sun, rather dry conditions, and soil that is rocky or sandy. This wildflower dislikes competition and prefers barren ground where the ground vegetation is sparse. If necessary, it can tolerate a little shade. The basal leaves usually wither away before the flowers bloom, but this is normal. Range & Habitat: The native Wild Larkspur is restricted to a few counties in western and central Illinois (see Distribution Map); it is uncommon. Two subspecies have been observed in Illinois. One of them, Delphinium carolinianum virescens (Prairie Larkspur), was collected in Hancock County by Dr. Mead during the 19th century; it may be extirpated from the state. The typical subspecies, Delphinium carolinianum carolinianum (Wild Larkspur), has been collected from the remaining counties. Prairie Larkspur is more common in areas to the west of the Mississippi River, while Wild Larkspur is more common in the southeastern and south-central states. Habitats include hill prairies, upland sand prairies, rocky glades, barren savannas, and rocky openings in upland woodlands. [图片]Faunal Associations: Bumblebees suck nectar from the flowers and help to cross-pollinate them. Insects that feed on Delphinium spp. (Larkspurs) include flower-eating larvae of a moth, Heliothis phloxiphagus (Dark-Spotted Straw), leaf-mining larvae of an Agromyzid fly (Phytomyza aconiti), and an aphid (Brachycaudus rociadae). This latter insect sucks sap from the stems and leaves. Because the foliage of Wild Larkspur (Delphinium carolinianum) is more or less toxic to mammalian herbivores, it is usually avoided by them. Photographic Location: The wildflower garden of the webmaster in Urbana, Illinois. [图片]Comments: The flowers of this species are quite attractive – how unfortunate that it isn't more common! The only other larkspur that is native to Illinois, Delphinium tricorne (Dwarf Larkspur), is found primarily in woodlands in the southern half of the state. This latter species has shorter flowering stalks and leaves with wider lobes (exceeding ¼" across); furthermore, its seed capsules are widely spreading, rather than erect. An annual species from Europe that is grown in gardens, Consolida ajacis (Rocket Larkspur), occasionally escapes into waste areas. This species has leaves with lobes that are nearly filiform (worm-like) and it has only one seed capsule per flower. In contrast, each flower of Wild Larkspur matures into clusters of 3 seed capsules. The typical subspecies of Wild Larkspur, Delphinium carolinianum carolinianum, has been described above. The other subspecies that has been found in Illinois, Delphinium carolinianum virescens (Prairie Larkspur), differs from the typical subspecies as follows: 1) Its flowers tend to be more white (varying from white to light blue), 2) Its basal leaves usually don't wither before the flowers bloom, and 3) Its seeds have projecting scales, while lacking wings along their margins. Sometimes Prairie Larkspur is regarded as a distinct species, in which case it is referred to as Delphinium virescens. Wild Larkspur and Prairie Larkspur occasionally hybridize when they occur together in the same area.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月23日

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is unbranched and ¾–3' tall. Older plants may tiller at the base and send up multiple stems, creating a bushy effect. The central stem is slightly ridged and hairless. The odd-pinnate compound leaves alternate as they ascend the stem. They consist of 3-7 leaflets and tend to be quite short, approximately 2-5" long. Each leaflet is dark green, linear in shape, and about 1" long and 1/8" (3 mm.) across. There are scattered translucent dots across the surface. At the top of the plant is a dense cylindrical spike of flowers about 1-2" long and about half as much or less across. Each purple flower is about ¼" across, with 5 small petals and 5 golden anthers that protrude outward. These flowers bloom together as a flowery wreath at the bottom of the spike, which gradually moves upward at the season progresses. There is no noticeable floral scent. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer, and lasts about 1–1½ months. The root system consists of a stout taproot that runs deep into the ground. The seeds travel only a short distance from the mother plant when the cylindrical spikes are shaken by the wind. Flowering Plants Cultivation: The preference is full sun and average to dry conditions. The soil can contain significant amounts of loam, clay, sand, or gravel – this plant is rather indifferent to the characteristics of the soil, to which it adds nitrogen. Foliar disease is not troublesome. Purple Prairie Clover is slow to develop, but is fairly easy to manage if the site is well-drained and there is plenty of sun. Range & Habitat: The native Purple Prairie Clover occurs occasionally in central and northern Illinois, but is rare or absent in southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). It is not common in areas that have been disturbed by modern development. Habitats include mesic to dry black soil prairies, gravel prairies, sand prairies, hill prairies, typical savannas and sandy savannas, limestone glades, and sandy hills or dunes near Lake Michigan. Recovery from occasional wildfires is good. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract many kinds of insects, including honeybees, bumblebees, cuckoo bees (Triepeolus spp., Coelioxys spp.), long-horned bees (Melissodes spp.), leafcutter bees (Megachile spp.), Halictid bees (including green metallic bees), plasterer bees (Colletes spp.), Sphecid wasps, Tiphiid wasps, Syrphid flies, bee flies (Bombyliidae), thick-headed flies (Conopidae), small butterflies, skippers, and beetles (Robertson, 1929; Reed, 1993, 1995). The following plasterer bees are oligoleges (specialist pollinators) of Dalea spp. (prairie clovers): Colletes albescens, Colletes robertsonii, Colletes susannae, and Colletes wilmattae. Other insects feed destructively on the seeds, foliage, and other parts of Purple Prairie Clover and other prairie clovers. These species include seed-eating larvae of some weevils (Apion reconditum, Apion tenuirostrum, Apion capitone), seed-eating larvae of a beetle (Acanthoscelides seminulum), a plant bug (Lopidea minor), Three-spotted Treehopper (Vanduzea triguttata), Little Pasture Grasshopper (Melanoplus confusus), and larvae of two butterflies, the Dogface Sulphur (Colias cesonia) and Reakirt's Blue (Hemiargus isola); see Sauer (2005), Boe & Johnson (2014), Kingsolver (2004), Knight (1941), Haarstad (2002), Campbell et al. (1974), and Opler & Krizek (1984). Purple Prairie Clover is palatable and high in protein, therefore mammalian herbivores of all kinds eat this plant readily. It can be difficult to establish in some areas if there is an abundance of these animals. It is possible that small rodents carry the seeds to their dens, which may aid in the distribution of this plant. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the Lincoln Book Bindery in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: A mature plant that tillers at the base is very attractive when it is in full bloom. Also, the foliage is somewhat ornamental and remains attractive throughout the growing season. This plant is not easily confused with any other species, perhaps the most similar being Dalea candida (White Prairie Clover), which has white flowers and foliage that is lighter-colored and somewhat longer. In the past, the scientific name for this plant was Petalostemum purpureum.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月22日

[图片]关于苔藓植物的来源问题，尚无一致的意见，有人认为起源于绿藻，其理由为：含有相同的光合作用色素；相同的贮藏淀粉；精子均具有2条等长的顶生鞭毛；孢子萌发时所形成的原丝体，与丝藻也很相似；绿藻的卵囊与精子囊的构造可与苔藓植物的颈卵器和精子器相比拟。另一种观点是由裸蕨类植物退化而来，裸蕨类出现于志留纪，而苔藓植物出现于泥盆纪中期，要比裸蕨晚数千万年。从进化顺序上说，它们很可能起源于同一祖先。但是，上述两种观点至2017年还缺乏足够的证据，有待于今后进一步研究。由于苔藓植物的配子体占优势，孢子体依附在配子体上，但配子体构造简单，没有真正的根，没有输导组织，喜欢荫湿，在有性生殖时，必须借助于水，因而在陆地上难于进一步适应和发展，这都表明它是由水生到陆生的过渡类型。 [图片]苔藓发黄的原因及其处理方法一、环境过于干燥，空气湿度不够处理方法：每天都要记得浇水，可以用喷雾提高周围的空气湿度，浇水水质偏弱酸性则更佳，可以适当加入几滴白醋模拟雨水环境。可以采用闷养的方式，白天在浇水后给它覆盖上塑料膜，减少水分的蒸发。干燥地区一定要采取闷养的方式，才能使苔藓成活。晚上也要适当进行通风透气。二、暴晒或者长时间将苔藓植物放在阴凉避光处，没有满足苔藓生长的光照需要处理方法：苔藓植物对光照要求不高，严忌暴晒、强光直射，同时也不能长时间处于完全荫蔽状态。在养护过程中，适当给予散光即可。三、土壤介质不适宜苔藓植物的生长从野外挖苔藓的时候最好保留3-5厘米的泥土，种植前，先用砂石填满底层，再喷少量水，使得根部和土壤贴合紧密，种植的时候必须轻轻压实，尽可能减少泥土缝隙，避免因为土壤和根部贴合不好而得不到很好的生长环境。环境过于干燥，空气湿度不够苔藓植物喜欢偏酸性的土壤，一般选择泥炭土混合砂石，保证苔藓的透气性。再加入一些水苔或腐叶土用来提供养分。可以根据环境和个人情况，选择放养或者闷养。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月22日

[图片]发财树，又称瓜栗、中美木棉、鹅掌钱，属于常绿乔木，原产地是马来西亚半岛及南洋群岛一带。是喜温喜湿的植物，而且耐寒性很差，适合作为室内观赏植物。发财树除了具有很高的观赏价值外，还具有净化空气的能力，主要吸收硫、苯等有害气体。 [图片]发财树叶子发黄的原因原因一：浇水不当发财树喜欢温暖湿润的气候，浇水过多或者过少都会造成叶片发黄。浇水过多，盆内土壤经常保持过湿状态，发财树的根部呼吸不畅通，根茎腐烂，之后逐渐波及到枝茎，最后叶片变黄，枯萎脱落，严重时整株死亡。浇水过少，盆土上面湿润下面干燥，不仅影响养分的吸收，还会导致叶片暗淡无光，并且由下往上逐渐枯黄、脱落，发财树对你的懒惰表示无声的抗议~ 解决方法：及时通风、翻盆或补水。浇水过多时，放在窗边做好通风，多松松土。若短时间内盆土无法干燥，呈淤泥状，可以在花盆的底部垫上一层吸水的棉布，湿透了就换新的，或者用风扇小风吹一下。如果用尽所有的办法，土壤都没有变干，那就换土吧。浇水过少时，土壤表面开裂，在未全部发黄的情况下，循序渐进的补水。先湿润土壤表面，一个小时浇一点，逐渐浇透水。避免一次性浇透水，以免根部吸水膨胀，影响生长。原因二：光照不当发财树喜欢阳光，但不耐强光直射，烈日暴晒或者长期荫蔽也会造成叶片的枯黄。把发财树放置在室内墙角处，过于重视观赏效果，致使发财树长期处于荫蔽的环境，会导致新发的枝叶嫩黄徒长，老叶暗淡无光并且大量脱落。夏日炎炎，你只能在屋里吹冷气，发财树又怎能扛得住烈日的冲击。如果你正午时分忘记把它搬到荫蔽的地方，那你只能接受叶片发黄的惨象。解决方法：移至半阴处。对于突然接受阳光，导致发财树叶子发黄的情况，挽救的几率不大。因暴晒过度导致叶子发黄，叶片的水分挥发严重，短时间内很难恢复，建议移到半阴处。适当的浇水，发黄的叶片会慢慢的脱落，待长出新芽即可。原因三：肥料过多心急的你一定很怕发财树缺少肥料变得营养不良吧？但是过度的施肥也不行哦。发财树吸收的养分是定量的，如果施肥过多，植株吸收充足的养分后，剩下的肥料就会灼伤发财树的根茎，从而导致叶片发黄。解决方法：修根换土。施肥过多导致发财树根部腐烂，将植株脱盆，清理腐烂的部分，换上新土，重新栽种。或者通过浇水，稀释土壤中的养分，减轻肥力。原因四：温度不适有些人讨厌夏天和冬天，因为一个温度太高，一个温度太低，其实植物也是这样，发财树生长的适宜温度为20℃~30℃，过高或者过低都会影响其生长。如果发财树生长环境中的温度过高，蒸腾作用过强，根部的水分、养分供应不足，叶片就会逐渐干枯、发黄。但是温度过低的话，比如冬季气温低于16℃，叶片就容易发黄、脱落，10℃以下极易死亡。解决方法：增温。夏季，因温度过高造成发财树黄叶，及时将植株移到阴凉处的地方，洒水降温，若发黄情况不严重，会慢慢会恢复生长的。冬季，适当的提升养护温度，避免植株冻伤。原因五：病虫害发财树受到真菌、细菌的侵害，引发叶斑病，叶片局部出现坏死，产生黄色的斑块或斑点，严重的时候整片枯黄、掉落。不仅有病菌觊觎发财树，还有很多诸如红蜘蛛、介壳虫之类的害虫，也会造成发财树叶片的枯黄，要仔细观察哦。解决方法：喷洒药剂。加强通风，及时喷洒药剂。针对不同病虫害，选择相对应的杀菌药剂，5~7天喷洒一次，喷洒3~4次基本会见好。（推荐药剂：多菌灵、百菌清、护花神）原因六：枝叶过密发财树的生长能力比较强，所以枝叶生长旺盛，如果你没有定期修剪的习惯，那么隐藏在底部的枝叶就会因光线不足、无法通风而发黄、下垂。解决方法：及时修剪。许多花友家中的发财树都长成草帽了，还不修剪。发财树作为一种观叶植物，枝叶繁茂固然重要。但叶片过多，阻碍了植株的生长就是你的不对了。发财树生长较快，对于枝叶繁茂的盆栽，可以枝条修剪一部分，不用舍不得，很快就会长出新芽，植株会生长得更加茂盛。狠不下心，就看看花友们是怎么修剪发财树的吧→→「图解」发财树的修剪方法叶子轻微发黄的发财树原因七：土壤偏碱土壤是发财树生长必不可少的因素，北方大部分地区土壤含盐碱较多，但是发财树却喜欢酸性，水土不服可是件大事，土壤中缺少了发财树需要的铁元素，营养不良的结果就是叶片枯黄了。解决方法：酸化土壤。发财树适合生长在酸性的土壤中，及时改变土壤的酸碱性可以补救发黄的发财树。不需要脱盆，不需要换土，只需要在土壤中施入一定的硫酸亚铁，直接洒在花盆中，既可以增加土壤的肥力，又酸化了土壤，一举两得。在酸化土壤的过程中需要注意，不要使用醋。食醋的确可以迅速让土壤变酸，但因为改变方式激进，会损伤土壤中的有机物，将低土壤的肥力。发财树叶子发黄的解决方法怎么预防发财树叶子发黄控制浇水量为了不让你因为发财树叶子发黄而痛哭流涕，我们就要在它未发黄的时候做好一切，首先从浇水量抓起。给发财树浇水要遵循“不干不浇，浇则浇透”的原则，正常养护下15~20天浇一次水就可以。什么？你说小编的讲解太粗糙，这我可忍不了，小编我要放大招啦，给大家推荐养花达人给发财树浇水的专业知识→→「达人说」发财树怎么浇水，不要太感谢我哦。合理光照养护发财树，每一天都要做到最好，从4月下旬开始，选择晴朗暖和的中午，把它移到室外或者阳台，接受阳光照射，一开始1~2个小时，之后逐渐延长时间，你会收到意想不到的效果。当然，夏季最好把时间放在早上或者傍晚，这时候阳光比较温和，不会对发财树造成伤害。适度施肥给发财树施肥，要遵循“薄肥勤施”的原则，根据植株的长势施肥，生长期每1到2周追施一次液体肥或者混合型花肥，并且在给植株换盆的时候要及时添加腐熟的基肥。控制土壤的酸碱度其实大部分家庭中的土壤都是从市场直接买来的，盆中的土壤都是酸性。但为什么还会出现黄叶的现象呢。这与我们的浇水、换土有关，浇水的时候尽量选择酸性水（雨水、河水、放置后的自来水）；另外在平时可以浇灌硫酸亚铁溶液，保证土壤的酸碱度在适宜的范围。定时清理枝叶一要及时修剪，将过密、徒长、病枝剪掉，增强植株的透光性。二要清理叶面的灰尘，叶面灰尘过多不仅影响美观，还会降低光合作用，导致叶片发黄。及时防治病虫害在室内养殖发财树，因为通风、光照、湿度的原因，病虫害是难以避免，重点是要做好预防措施。除了阴雨天和冬季，要保证养护环境空气流畅；在高温多余的季节，每个喷洒一次杀菌药剂，做好预防。保持适宜的温度发财树对温度比较敏感，热了发黄，冷了也发黄，所以适宜的温度很重要。发财树适宜的生长温度在22~35℃，高于35℃，生长减缓。冬季最低温度为16-18℃（基本和室内温度相当），低于这一温度叶片变黄脱落，10℃以下植株容易死亡。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月22日

[图片]平安树真实名字为兰屿肉桂，平安树只为其别称，其树属于常绿的樟科植物，原产于我国台湾的兰屿岛。平安树枝杆端庄，呈黄绿色状，光滑而无茸毛。平安树叶片一般相对而生亦或近对而生，叶子的表面为亮绿色，并有类似金属的光泽，背面则是灰绿色。平安树的养殖作用有很多种，它即可用来做盆栽景观植物，又可以是非常漂亮的园景植物，此外，它还有净化室内空气，吸收装修污染等效果。 [图片]平安树浇水不当导致叶黄浇水过多或者过少浇水不当是导致平安树叶子发黄的一大原因，浇水过多或者过少都有可能出现叶子发黄的现象。浇水过多会导致平安树根部积水，水分无法完全吸收，并且土壤排水不畅，导致根系受损，腐烂。其发生特点是植株老叶没有明显的变化，而幼叶发黄。浇水少或者由于天气过于炎热，导致平安树缺水干旱，叶子发黄，其特点是自下而上叶片受损发黄，以老叶为先。解决办法浇水一定要合理，控制浇水量，浇水不宜过多，湿润为好，防止根部腐烂。当遇到干旱引起的叶子发黄现象，要及时进行浇水，否则因为植株缺水的时间过长，会导致全株植物枯黄，掉落，甚至死亡。平安树施肥不当导致叶黄施肥过浓或者过淡肥料是植物生长的必备元素，施肥过多或者过少，都可以引起平安树的叶子发黄。施肥过多，会使平安树幼叶肥大，叶面凹凸不平。而施肥不足或者施肥的浓度过低，导致施肥起不到作用，间隔时间过长引起的平安树叶子发黄，其特点是幼叶和嫩茎先黄。解决办法如果发现施肥太多了，要适当进行控肥，在保证盆土不会积水的情况下适当多浇水，使肥料能够及时排走，降低肥料浓度。而施肥量过少，就要及时进行施肥，增加肥料施放的次数，否则会造成全株黄叶或者导致植株的死亡，切忌不可大量施加浓肥。平安树缺铁导致叶黄缺铁表现平安树缺铁也会导致叶子发黄。由于施肥的条件变化，导致植物黄叶现象严重，特点是幼叶较为明显，老叶较轻，叶肉变为黄色，叶脉变为绿色，并使之形成一个典型的网络。解决办法这种情况可以使用硫酸亚铁水溶液来解决，将饼肥，硫酸亚铁以及水分合理进行配制，并浇洒。平安树因光照和温度原因而叶黄光照强烈或者温度过低在夏季光照强烈的时候，烈日的照射会导致平安树的叶子发黄。而温度过低引起的平安树叶子发黄则是由于冬季的温度较低，特别是在室外。如果气温低于5度，平安树就会被冻害，出现叶子发黄现象。解决办法在夏季，可以将平安树放到遮光50%左右的环境中进行养护。冬天应将平安树移至室内养护，并且保持10度以上的温度，减少浇水次数。新盆移栽或者土壤稀少一般，在平安树刚买回来的时候，会因为盆土的原因而呈现叶子发黄的现象。由于平安树在买卖之前需要进行移植，新盆新环境，会使平安树出现一定程度的黄叶现象，而有卖家为了省土壤，会在盆的最下面放置一些土渣垃圾，最上面才覆盖一层土，也会导致平安树叶子发黄枯萎。解决办法刚买回家的平安树需要缓苗，要把它放在阴凉通风的地方养护一星期后，再逐渐见光。如果发现土壤有问题，可以将平安树脱土去盆，换上新土重新栽种。平安树因其他原因而叶黄病虫害病虫害容易造成平安树的根部受损，继而导致叶子发黄。要细心检查平安树的生长状况，根据症状对症下药。有烂根情况就清除坏根，消毒后重新栽种。通风不畅平安树的生长环境有一定的要求，在通风的环境下生长比较好，如果生长的环境不通风，很容易造成叶子发黄。所以一定要加强室内的通风。水质问题在水质方面，长时间使用碱水浇平安树，会导致叶子慢慢变黄，时间长了就会脱落。因此，在浇水的时候要注意水的酸碱性，并要在平时多施腐熟的有机肥，如粪肥、泥炭、锯木屑、食用菌等，渐渐改良碱性土壤，或者直接换土。

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