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Miss Chen
2017年12月26日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 3-6' tall. It is largely unbranched below, but forms occasional side stems toward the apex. The stems have indistinct lines of white hairs, and are generally pubescent. The leaves are primarily opposite, although the upper leaves near the inflorescence sometimes alternate. These leaves are up to 7" long and 2½" across, with petioles up to 1" long. They are lanceolate, largely hairless, with coarse serration along the margins, and there are 5 veins that diverge from the base. These leaves tend to nod downward from their petioles, and are often dark green. Inflorescence & Moths The flat-topped inflorescence consists of numerous heads of white disk florets; there are no ray florets. Each flowerhead has about 12 disk florets. Each disk floret is about ¼" long, narrow and tubular, with 5 small triangular lobes at the top. There is also a long divided style that is white, which protrudes conspicuously from each floret. The blooming period occurs during late summer or early fall and lasts about a month. There is occasionally a mild floral scent. The small achenes develop flat tufts of hair and are dispersed by the wind. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. This plant often forms colonies by means of these rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is partial or full sun and moist conditions. The soil should be loamy and high in organic matter. Lower leaves sometimes discolor and fall off during a drought, otherwise this plant is subject to few problems. The size of this plant is significantly affected by moisture levels. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Late Boneset occurs in nearly all counties of Illinois, except for possibly three counties in the north (see Distribution Map). This is a common plant. Habitats include moist black soil prairies, moist meadows near rivers, swamps, areas near drainage ditches, low-lying areas along railroads and roadsides, pastures, and abandoned fields. This plant is often near sources of water, or where the water table is not far below the land surface. It is more common in disturbed areas. Faunal Associations: The flowers are very popular with many kinds of insects, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, small to medium-sized butterflies, skippers, moths, and beetles. Most of these insects seek nectar, although bees may collect pollen and beetles may feed on it. In the upper photograph, are two Ailanthus Webworm Moths sucking nectar from the flowers. The caterpillars of various moths can be found feeding on various parts of this and other Bonesets, including Haploa clymene (Clymene Moth; eats foliage), Phragmatobia lineata (Lined Ruby Tiger Moth; eats foliage), Carmenta bassiformis (Eupatorium Borer Moth; bores into roots), Schinia trifascia (Three-Lined Flower Moth; eats flowers and seed capsules). Mammalian herbivores rarely consume this plant because of the bitter foliage. In overgrazed pastures, Late Boneset often becomes more common because of reduced competition from other plants. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken along a drainage ditch in Judge Webber Park in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: The delicate flowers of Late Boneset closely resemble the flowers of other Bonesets, such as Eupatorium altissimum (Tall Boneset) and Eupatorium perfoliatum (Common Boneset), in both color and structure. These Bonesets can be distinguished readily from each other by an examination and comparison of their leaves. Tall Boneset has leaves that are pubescent, more narrow, and less coarsely serrated than Late Boneset, while Common Boneset has leaves that wrap around the stem and are without petioles.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月26日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is 2-4' tall and unbranched, except for some flowering side stems near the apex. The central stem and side stems are covered with long white hairs. The opposite leaves are up to 8" long and 2" across, and light or yellowish green. Their bases surround the central stem and merge together (perfoliate). In shape, they are lanceolate with long narrow tips and serrate margins. There is a conspicuous network of veins, particularly on the lower leaf surface. This lower surface is also pubescent. Some of the upper leaves near the inflorescence(s) are much smaller in size and sessile. The upper stems terminate in clusters of white flowerheads, spanning about 2-8" across. Each flowerhead is about 1/6" (4 mm.) across and consists of about 15 disk florets. Each disk floret has 5 spreading lobes and a long divided style, in the manner of other Eupatorium spp. The blooming period is late summer to early fall, which typically lasts about 1-2 months for a colony of plants. There is a pleasant floral scent. The florets are replaced by achenes with small tufts of hair – they are dispersed by the wind. The root system is fibrous and produces rhizomes in abundance. Common Boneset typically forms vegetative colonies. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, and wet to moist conditions. The soil should contain considerable organic material so that it can retain moisture. This plant can withstand flooded conditions for short periods of time, but it is not really aquatic. The foliage appears to be little bothered by pests and disease. Range & Habitat: The native Common Boneset has been reported from most counties of Illinois, and it is fairly common (see Distribution Map). However, this plant appears to be somewhat less common than either Eupatorium serotinum (Late Boneset) and Eupatorium altissimum (Tall Boneset). Habitats include openings in floodplain forests, poorly drained areas of black soil prairies, and various kinds of wetlands, including marshes, bogs, fens, seeps, edges of rivers, and sand flats along Lake Michigan. This plant also occurs in or near roadside ditches. Generally, it doesn't stray far from wetland areas of one kind or another. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar or pollen of the flowers attracts many kinds of insects, including bees, flies, wasps, butterflies, and beetles. In particular, many kinds of unusual flies and wasps are attracted to the flowers because of the accessibility of the nectar. The caterpillars of various moth species are known to feed on various parts of Common Boneset, including Haploa clymene (Clymene Moth), Phragmatobia lineata (Lined Ruby Tiger Moth), Papaipema cataphracta (Burdock Borer Moth), Schinia trifascia (Three-Lined Flower Moth), Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria (Blackberry Looper Moth), and Semiothisa continuata (Geometrid Moth sp.). The small seeds appear to be of little interest to birds and other fauna, although they are occasionally eaten by the Swamp Sparrow. Mammalian herbivores display little interest in Common Boneset as a food source because of the bitterness of the foliage. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographed plants were growing at the bottom of a drainage ditch amid horsetails near the Windsor Road Prairie in Champaign, Illinois. This portion of the drainage ditch does not have standing water during dry weather (i.e., a seasonal wetland). Comments: Common Boneset has interesting foliage and fragrant flowers. It tolerates flooded conditions better than many other Boneset species. It can be distinghished from these other species by the perfoliate leaves that surround the central stem. The other species have opposite leaves that are sessile or have distinct petioles. All of these species have spreading clusters of white flowers with a similar appearance. These flowers are quite popular with diverse kinds of insects.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月26日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is 3-4' tall and unbranched, except for the upper flowering stems. The stems are covered with white hairs. The opposite leaves are up to 5" long and 1" across, occasionally with small teeth along the margins. They are usually dark green, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, and pubescent. There are three conspicuous veins that run along the length of each leaf. The rather flat inflorescence consists of numerous heads of small white flowers and their buds. These flowers are dull white and individually only 1/8" (3 mm.) across. There is little or no floral scent. The blooming period occurs from late summer to early fall, and lasts about 1-1½ months. The achenes develop small tufts of white or light brown hair; they are dispersed by the wind. This plant may spread vegetatively through rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, and mesic to dry conditions. The soil can contain significant amounts of loam, clay, or gravel; soil with a high pH is tolerated. Drought tolerance is good, although the plant may wilt. Tall Boneset is very easy to grow, and competes well against other plants. It is usually not affected by foliar disease. Range & Habitat: The native Tall Boneset occurs in most of Illinois, except some southern counties (see Distribution Map). It is a common plant. Habitats include mesic to slightly dry black soil prairies, clay prairies, gravel prairies, savannas, thickets, openings in upland forests, dry banks of lakes, limestone glades, pastures and abandoned fields, fence rows, vacant lots, and areas along railroads. This plant favors disturbed areas, where it may form large colonies. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts many kinds of insects, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, small butterflies, skippers, beetles, and plant bugs. Among these, wasps and flies are particularly common visitors. The wasp visitors include Paper wasps, Thread-Waisted wasps, bee wolves (Philanthus spp.), Scoliid wasps, Larrine wasps, Sand wasps, Spider wasps, and others. Fly visitors include Syrphid flies, bee flies, Tachinid flies, Muscid flies, and others. The caterpillars of several moths feed on various parts of Tall Boneset and closely related plants, including Haploa clymene (Clymene Moth), Phragmatobia lineata (Lined Ruby Tiger Moth), Carmenta bassiformis (Eupatorium Borer Moth; bores into roots), and Schinia trifascia (Three-Lined Flower Moth; eats flowers & seed capsules). Mammalian herbivores, including livestock, shun the bitter-tasting leaves of this plant; consequently, it tends to flourish in pastures. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at a flower garden along a sidewalk in Urbana, Illinois, and in a vacant lot near the same city. Comments: Tall Boneset often competes directly with Solidago canadensis (Canada Goldenrod) in disturbed areas, although it prefers slightly drier areas. The two plants appear similar to each other prior to bloom, although the former has darker leaves. This plant provides some white color to a fall landscape that is often dominated by forbs with yellow flowers and the brown color of dried-out grasses. This is the easiest boneset to grow in dry sunny areas. Some people may mistake this plant for a weed, which it is to some extent.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月26日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is 2-5' tall. It has a stout central stem that is unbranched, except near the inflorescence. The alternate leaves tend to occur near the base of the plant, although a few smaller leaves occur along the upper portion of the stem. These leaves are long and strap-like, rather stiff in texture, and up to 2½' long and 2½" across. They are narrowly lanceolate, often curve downward, and have parallel venation. There are widely scattered, but stiff, teeth along the margins. The base of leaves clasp or wrap around the stalk. The entire plant is bluish or greyish green, and quite hairless. At the apex of the central stem, and sometimes from the axils of the upper leaves, occurs a long-stalked inflorescence. This consists of several prickly balls of flowers that are individually about ½–1" across. These whitish green balls contain numerous small white flowers that are individually surrounded by prickly bracts. A flower consists of 5 white petals, a divided white pistil, and several white stamens with light brown anthers. Each ball of flowers is subtended by a star-like rosette of small leaves. These flowers have a sickly honey-like scent in bright sunlight. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late summer, and the balls of flowers remain attractive for about 2 months. The root system consists of a central taproot. After blooming, a plant will gradually die down, but one or more offsets will develop at its base. Thus, a small clump of plants will eventually form. Cultivation: The preference is full sun and moist to slightly dry conditions. This plant becomes spindly in shadier conditions, and may topple over while in bloom. The soil can contain significant amounts of loam, sand, clay, or gravel, but the site should not be subject to standing water. This plant is easy to grow, and isn't bothered by foliar disease nor many insect pests. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Rattlesnake Master occurs in most of Illinois, except for some western and southern counties (see Distribution Map). It can be locally common in some high quality habitats, otherwise it is fairly uncommon. Habitats include moist to slightly dry black soil prairies, clay prairies, sand prairies, thickets, typical savannas, sandy savannas, and limestone glades. Faunal Associations: The flowering heads attract many kinds of insects, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, skippers, moths, beetles, and plant bugs. These insects usually seek nectar, although some of the bees may collect pollen for their brood nests. The caterpillars of the rare Papaipema eryngii (Rattlesnake Master Borer Moth) bore into the stems and feed on the pith. The coarse foliage and prickly balls of flowers are not popular as a source of food with mammalian herbivores, although they may nibble off the ends of the leaves. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This is a very odd member of the Carrot family that resembles a yucca or some other desert plant. However, it is a true tallgrass prairie species with a unique appearance. A close relative is Eryngium leavenworthii (Leavenworth Eryngo), which is an annual plant with a purplish appearance. This latter species doesn't occur in Illinois, but can be found in dry prairies further west. In the past, the dried seedheads of Rattlesnake Master were used as rattles by Amerindians. Pioneers thought the roots could be used as an effective antidote to rattlesnake bite, hence the common name of this plant. However, this belief was erroneous.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
[图片]幸福树开花是一个好预兆。幸福树象征着幸福、平安，有着为人们带来幸福的寄意，而幸福树开花的寓意就是开出“幸福之花”，预兆着家庭和美、幸福快乐，而且幸福树开着淡淡的小黄花能给人一种淡淡的温馨，让人有一种幸福的感觉。 [图片]幸福树叶子发黄之温度 温度过高会引起黄叶，掉叶。很多朋友在摆放幸福树植株的时候会没有注意植株的舒适度，通常摆放在距离空调和电脑相当接近的地方，有些盆友就直接让植物对着电脑的出风口，这样植物会很难受，肯定就长不好掉叶子了。 解决办法 为幸福树搭建一个遮阴棚， 增加喷水的次数，或者将幸福树放到有疏阴的通风凉爽处，记得不要放在电脑的出风口哦~另外，如果温度低于8摄氏度的话，开始会有冻伤的危险哦！也一定不能让温度太低！ 幸福是叶子发黄之光照 光照过多或过少容易引起黄叶，掉叶。幸福树是阳性植物，避开夏季的光照其它季节都需全日照。 解决办法 将幸福树放到阳台等能够照射到阳光的地方，但是要注意一点，幸福树喜光不假，但是不喜欢暴晒呦~所以在夏季艳阳高照的时候，一定要给幸福树遮阳。 幸福树叶子发黄之浇水 浇水过少引起黄叶，掉叶。幸福树喜欢比较湿润的土壤和栽培环境。 浇水过多，也会造成积水，使得幸福树的根部呼吸不畅，造成黄叶。 解决办法 注意浇水，不要等土壤全干了之后再浇水，浇水的话要一次性浇透，不能只是上面湿，下面干。原则就是不干不浇，浇则浇透。 同时也要注意室内的空气湿度，可以在幸福树的周围适当喷水，增加室内的空气湿度。 可经常用清水喷洒植株，以维持其清秀的外貌，同时也可增加环境湿度。 幸福树叶子发黄之湿度 室内空气过于干燥，通风不良，叶片也会出现干尖现象。 解决办法 增加室内通风透气，适当增加室内湿度。，让幸福树的叶子呼吸更加的顺畅。 幸福树 幸福树叶子发黄之施肥 施肥量太大，肥料太大容易引起烧苗，植物黄化。 与此同时，如果施肥太少的话，也会因为营养缺失而叶子发黄。 解决办法 若是施肥太多的话，可以给盆土冲水稀释肥力，但注意不要造成积水现象。 针对营养缺失这个问题，可以适当的给幸福树施加一些复合肥，但是千万不能太多，不能太多，不能太多，重要的事情说三遍。 幸福树叶子发黄之新陈代谢 这是属于植物的正常生长范围，幸福树无时无刻都在进行新陈代谢，枯老的叶子发黄死去，新生的叶子长出来继续进行生长。这种情况只需将黄了的叶子剪掉即可，不需要特殊的养护。 幸福树叶子发黄之病害 在高温的环境里，幸福树很容易感染叶斑病，感染了这种病害之后，也会出现叶面枯黄的现象。 解决办法 平时的幸福树养殖期间要加强通风透光，避免叶面长时间滞。发现少量病叶的时候，及时将其摘除烧毁，定期喷洒50%的多菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液，每半月一次，连续 3次至4次。 家庭盆栽，个别植株少量叶片上出现的病斑，可涂抹达克宁霜软膏。 幸福树叶子发黄之虫害 幸福树常见的虫害是介壳虫，螨虫，蚜虫等等虫害，若是染上了虫害，也是会引起叶子发黄的。 解决办法 在虫害发生之前，我们要加强通风透光，注意幸福树生长环境的温度与湿度，而如果虫害已经发生，则要在发生初期的时候及时喷洒杀虫剂，，将危险扼杀在摇篮里。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
[图片]朱顶红在居室里放一瓶鲜花，可以让居室的氛围更为灵动，充满生活情趣。而根据自家的装饰风格，来选择能够统一风格的花材和花器来摆放，更能起到画龙点睛的作用。原产秘鲁和巴西一带朱顶红由于多不同的品种，被广泛盆栽，具有很高的观赏价值。 [图片]养护不当出现叶片发黄现象的原因 排水不畅或过湿 朱顶红喜湿润，但忌积水与过湿。盆栽植株长期处于排水不良的土壤中，极易引起叶片发黄。 补救方法 浇水过多可尽量将花盆放在通风处，松松土，加快水分蒸发，过于严重的直接换土吧！ 光照太强 朱顶红在阳光下生长旺盛，但光照不易过强。夏天烈日照射，叶片会发焦、发黄。正午，光照过强要适度遮荫。 补救方法 若叶片已经被灼伤，尽量将植株移到阴凉处，一周之后移到有遮挡的室外，不要施肥多浇水，一个月左右会逐渐缓和。 施肥不当 施肥过多或施用未腐熟的有机肥，尤其在高温的环境下，会造成肥害，叶片发黄。 补救方法 施肥过多最妙的方法就是浇水，但不要浇太多。直接将花盆放在水中，淘几下，降低肥的浓度。 病害 植株所处环境闷热潮湿，极易遭受病害。叶斑病及叶枯病都会使叶片发黄。 补救方法 将发黄病叶清除，喷洒多菌灵消毒。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
[图片]龙血树形态优美，点缀家居，效果不凡。龙血树株形优美规整，叶形叶色多姿多彩，为现代室内装饰的优良观叶植物，中、小盆花可点缀书房、客厅和卧室，大中型植株可美化、布置厅堂，龙血树对光线的适应性较强，在阴暗的室内可连续观赏2-4周，明亮的室内可长期摆放，用于家具摆设也是一流的选择。 [图片]龙血树叶子发黄的几种原因 长期没有换盆 虽然龙血树是生命力很强的长寿爷，但是你要长期把它当捡来的孩子养着，它也难受啊！ 长期不换盆，植物根系的生长空间不足，吸收营养的能力下降，植株状况变差，叶片发黄就成了顺其自然而然的事情了。 换盆时伤到了根 很多时候，有的伤害是无法避免的，谁能够保证我一锄头挖下去能挖出个完整的土豆来？ 换盆也一样，总是竭尽全力地小心了，然而并没有什么用，还是会伤害到根系。伤到根系之后，上盆的龙血树不能进行正常的养护，需要等它缓苗。 缓苗的过程中，就会出现叶片发黄，甚至掉落的情况。 水肥管理不当 龙血树新叶发黄，是水分不够，如果是老叶发黄，就是养分不够。 空气干燥，也会导致叶片水分缺乏而发黄。 病虫害的妨碍 出现大面积的叶片掉落，可能是根系腐烂或者虫害妨碍。这时候，要检查一下根系的情况，再检查叶片有没有虫卵。 龙血树叶片发黄怎么办 换盆 龙血树可2-3年换盆一次，盆尽量选择稍微大些的，给足生长空间，束缚，永远不会有茁壮成长的植物出现。 换盆时，不是尽力避免伤及根系，而是竭尽全力避免伤及根系，尽到了责任，还是伤到了，那就让它自己缓苗吧，没事的，它很强！ 浇水施肥齐头并进 龙血树除了冬天无需施肥外，春夏秋可薄而勤施。盆土保持湿润，必要时可向叶面喷水，向植株上方喷雾，增加空气湿度。 长期放在阴凉处养护的龙血树也可以适当晒晒太阳，进行一下光合作用，闻闻阳光的味道。 病虫害的出现不能忍 病虫害的出现，一定要及时检查，及时喷药，及时挽救那些还没有发黄的叶片。 对症下药逐一解决，相信你的龙血树又能生龙活虎！
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
[图片]春兰以高洁、清雅、幽香而著称，叶姿优美，花香幽远。自古以来，春兰都被誉为美好事物的象征，已广泛在民间人格化了。春兰对社会生活与文化艺术发生了巨大的影响。父母以兰命名以表心，画家取兰作画以寓意，诗人咏兰赋诗以言志。春兰的形象和气质久已深入人心，并起着潜移默化的作用。古代舞剧以“兰步”、“兰指”为优美动作，把优秀的文学作品和书法作品称为“兰章”，把真挚的友谊叫做“兰交”，把人的芳洁、美慧喻为“兰心蕙 质”。又把杰出人物的去世比作“兰摧玉拆”。春兰在中国人民心目中，已经成为一切美好事物的寄寓和象征。 [图片]春兰叶子发黄原因分析 1.叶色泛黄，生长正常：是光照过强。 2.叶色变黄，新芽较小：光照过度，缺少氮肥和必要的湿度。 3.老叶黄化脱落：正常老化或翻盆引起。 4.老叶快速黄化脱落：浇水过多太勤、翻盆栽种不当。 5.新叶先端灼焦：施肥过量，栽植材料不清洁。 6.新叶和老株均焦尖呈黑色：盆内湿热过度，根系中有烂根。 7.新芽出土后又停止生长：新芽旁有烂根或不洁之物，翻开新芽周围殖材，清除不洁物即恢复生长。 8.叶片上有焦斑，周缘无黄色：烈日烧灼斑。 9.叶端出现浸烫缩头：浇水的水温过高；浇水时气温过高；夏日高温时淋到阵雨等。 10.新芽烂心：浇水灌入芽心后水份蒸散和吸收不了，盆内殖材不清洁产生叶腐病等。 11.叶片上有斑周缘有水浸状：湿度过度、盆湿和空气湿度相夹产生窒息、并伴有叶腐病菌。通风和通气不良。 12.叶片上有黄褐斑：根部受热所致。 13.叶片上有不规则黄斑、叶肉组织坏死而凹陷：病毒病又称“巴拉斯”所致。 14.叶片上有黄色小斑点：甲壳虫所致。 15.叶片上出现紫黑色，叶背面仍绿色：低温霜冻所致。缺磷肥也会发生。 16.叶片脱水，假球茎绉缩：盆内长期过干燥脱水所致。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
[图片]丁香花是木犀科丁香属落叶灌木，属于著名的庭园花木，花序硕大、开花繁茂，花色淡雅、芳香，习性强健，栽培简易，因而在园林中广泛栽培应用。丁香原产于我国东北北部至西南地区，现在仍有许多野生种，如小叶丁香、毛叶丁香、裂叶丁香、红丁香、辽东丁香等，均可移植栽培。丁香是雅俗共赏的观赏植物，开时芳菲满目，清香远溢。露植在庭院、园圃，用盆栽摆设在书室、厅堂，或者作为切花插瓶，都会令人感到风采秀丽，清艳宜人。 [图片]丁香叶子发黄的原因 正常现象 作为木本植物在休眠期会通过落叶，减少自身热量的散失，储备能量安全过冬。所以在秋末叶子发黄后慢慢脱落是正常现象，是植株正常的代谢。 黄化病 这个问题就严重了，黄化病主要是因为土壤中缺少可溶性的铁。 在许多地区土壤中含有很多碳酸盐，土壤会呈现碱性，尤其是北方地区，导致土壤的含铁量降低；或者说雨水过多，土壤中的铁元素流失。在此种情况下，土壤粘性较重，根部的生长活动会受到抑制，从而降低了对铁的吸收，人缺铁会贫血，植物缺铁，会影响光合作用，导致体内养分积累减少。 丁香叶子发黄怎么办 改良土壤 家庭盆栽丁香若土壤呈碱性，可以适当的进行改良。尽量不要种在碱性土壤中，或者地势低洼、易于积水的地方，否则根系很容易发育不良，导致黄化。 施肥抗病 及时补充肥料，在有机肥中适当的加点硫酸亚铁，既补充养分，有可以增加土壤的酸性。并且有机肥在发挥肥效的过程中产生有机酸，可以增加铁的活跃度，促进植株吸收。 浇食用醋 当丁香叶片有轻微发黄的现象，注意及时改良土壤，若没有专业的溶液，可以采用食醋或柠檬水，加水稀释，浓度要低，然后浇灌，之后每次浇水都可以加一点。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
Description: This annual or biennial plant is erect and 1-3' tall. It is unbranched along the lower half, while forming lateral stems above that are ascending. The central stem is light green to purplish green and longitudinally grooved along its sides. This stem often has spreading white hairs toward its base, while above these hairs become shorter and more appressed. The lateral stems are similar to the central stem above, except they are less grooved. Alternate leaves are up to 4" long and 16 mm. (2/3") across, becoming smaller in size and more sparse as they ascend the stems. The lowest leaves are oblanceolate in shape with long petioles, while the middle to upper leaves are elliptic to linear-elliptic in shape and they are either sessile or their petioles are short (less than ¼" in length). Some of the larger leaves have sparse coarse teeth along their outer margins. The upper leaf surface is medium green and hairless (or nearly so), while the lower leaf surface is light-medium green and short-pubescent along the central vein. The petioles, when they are present, are light green and more or less pubescent; the petioles of lower leaves are sometimes narrowly winged. The central stem and lateral stems terminate in cymes of flowerheads that collectively span up to 10" across for large plants. Individual cymes are dichotomously branched and somewhat flat-headed; as they mature, these cymes become more open and loose. Individual flowerheads span about ½" across and they have a daisy-like appearance. Each flowerhead has 40-100 ray florets that surround numerous disk florets. The petaloid rays of the former florets are usually white and linear in shape; sometimes these rays are pink- or purple-tinted. The corollas of the disk florets are yellow, narrowly tubular in shape, 5-lobed, and minute in size; they are densely bunched together. Surrounding the base of each flowerhead, there are linear phyllaries (floral bracts) in 1-2 series. These phyllaries are light green, short-pubescent, and about 3 mm. in length. The branches of cymes and the peduncles of flowerheads are similar in appearance to the lateral stems. The branches of cymes have solitary leafy bracts where they dichotomously divide. These leafy bracts are up to 1" long and linear-elliptic in shape. The peduncles of the flowerheads are up to 4" long. The blooming period occurs primarily from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1-2 months for a colony of plants. However, some plants may bloom later in the year. In warm sunny weather, the flowerheads may have a mild pleasant fragrance. Afterwards, the florets are replaced by small achenes that have small tufts of bristly hairs at their apices; they are distributed to some extent by the wind. The bodies of the achenes are about 1 mm. long, light brown, oblong-oblanceoloid in shape, slightly flattened, and short-hairy. The root system consists of a shallow branching taproot with secondary fibrous roots. This plant spreads by reseeding itself, occasionally forming loose colonies. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and a somewhat alkaline soil containing clay or gravel. However, this plant can adapt to soil containing fertile loam if taller and more aggressive plants are kept away from it. After the blooming period, the foliage of this plant slowly withers away while releasing its seeds. Range & Habitat: The native Daisy Fleabane is fairly common and it has been reported from almost all counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include black soil prairies, gravel prairies, hill prairies, limestone glades, dry savannas, eroding clay banks, pastures and abandoned fields, areas along railroads, and roadsides. While Daisy Fleabane is a pioneer species that prefers areas with a history of disturbance, it is more likely to be found in higher quality natural areas than the closely related Annual Fleabane (Erigeron annuus). [图片]Faunal Associations: Primarily small bees and flies visit the flowerheads for nectar or pollen, including little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp., Stelis spp.), mason bees (Heriades spp.), plasterer bees (Colletes spp.), masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), Halictid cuckoo bees (Sphecodes spp.), Syrphid flies, bee flies (Bombyliidae), Tachinid flies, flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), and Muscid flies (Robertson, 1929). Less common floral visitors include wasps, small butterflies, and beetles. Other insects feed destructively on the foliage, flowerheads, roots, and plant juices of Daisy Fleabane and other fleabanes (Erigeron spp.). These species include a plant bug (Polymerus basalis), a leafhopper (Empoasca alboneura), the Erigeron Root Aphid (Aphis middletonii) and Leafcurl Plum Aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi), larvae of the Lynx Flower Moth (Schinia lynx) and other moths, the Meadow Purple-striped Grasshopper (Hesperotettix viridis) and other grasshoppers, and the Four-spotted Tree Cricket (Oecanthus quadripunctatus). For a more complete listing of these insects, see the Insect Table. Mammalian herbivores occasionally browse on the foliage and flowerheads of these plants. This includes deer, rabbits, groundhogs, sheep, and other livestock. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken of plants at an eroding clay bank along a road near Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus) resembles Annual Fleabane (Erigeron annuus), but robust specimens of these two species are fairly easy to distinguish. Daisy Fleabane has fewer and more slender leaves than Annual Fleabane, and the hairs along its middle to upper stems are short and appressed, rather than long and spreading. Another species, Marsh Fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus), differs by having slightly larger flowerheads with more ray florets (100-300), and wider leaves that clasp the stems. In addition, Marsh Fleabane has only spreading hairs along its stems. While the fleabanes (Erigeron spp.) are often dismissed as 'weeds' because of their ubiquitousness during the summer, they are actually rather attractive plants that are beneficial to many small insects that have important roles in the functioning of the ecological system. As pioneer species, fleabanes are also useful in providing early cover for exposed ground, thereby reducing soil erosion.
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Miss Chen
2018年01月29日
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@bell stefani You can search for the name of the plant.：）
bell stefani
2018年01月10日
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hi Miss Chen lovely article! I have a question off topic, I'm new and how do I find the articles I have favorited? sorry for the random question! hope you have a great evening, thanks :)
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