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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous plant is a biennial or short-lived perennial. It is ¾–2½' tall and usually unbranched, except toward the inflorescence. Initially, there is a low rosette of basal leaves that disappears when the plant bolts during the spring. The central stem and upper stems are light green, multiangular-terete, and sparsely to moderately covered with spreading white hairs. Alternate leaves occur along the entire length of these stems, becoming smaller in size and more sparse as they ascend. These leaves are up to 3¾" long and 1¼" across; they are ovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic in shape. The leaf margins are often short-ciliate; upper leaves usually have entire (toothless) margins, while lower leaves are usually sparingly toothed, especially toward their tips. All of these leaves clasp the stems at their bases to a greater or less extent. Both the upper and lower leaf surfaces are light to medium green and sparsely short-pubescent to nearly glabrous. The central stem terminates in a panicle of flowerheads that is somewhat flat-headed. In addition, smaller panicles or clusters of flowerheads may develop from the axils of upper leaves. The branches and peduncles of these flowerheads are similar to the stems, except their hairs are shorter. There are often solitary leafy bracts up to 1" long where the branches of an inflorescence divide; these bracts are narrowly lanceolate. Each daisy-like flowerhead is ½–¾" across, consisting of 100-300 ray florets that surround a dense head of disk florets. The petaloid rays of the flowerhead are white (less often light pink or light violet), linear in shape, and densely distributed. The corollas of the disk florets are 2-3 mm. long, yellow, and narrowly tubular in shape. Surrounding the cup-like base of each flowerhead, there are numerous appressed phyllaries in a single overlapping series. Individual phyllaries are light green, linear in shape, and sparsely short-pubescent. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1–1½ months. There is either a mild floral fragrance or none. Afterwards, this plant tends to die down for the remainder of the summer. The florets are replaced by achenes with small tufts of white bristly hair; they are distributed by the wind. The narrow achenes are 0.5–1 mm. long. The root system is shallow and fibrous, sometimes forming a small caudex on older plants. Colonies of plants occasionally occur at favorable sites. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full to partial sun, moist conditions, and soil containing fertile loam, although soil containing some clay or gravel is readily tolerated. This plant will adapt to drier locations, but its size will be reduced. Like similar fleabanes (Erigeron spp.) that are somewhat weedy, it may spread to undesirable locations by reseeding itself. Range & Habitat: Philadelphia Fleabane is a common plant that occurs in almost every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is native. Habitats include moist depressions in black soil prairies, moist meadows along rivers, low areas along ponds and small lakes, edges of marshes, roadside ditches, moist depressions along railroads, fallow fields, vacant lots, and waste areas. Moist disturbed areas are preferred. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract a variety of insects, including little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), mason bees (Osmia spp.), leaf-cutting cuckoo bees (Stelis spp.), Halictid bees, Halictid cuckoo bees (Sphecodes spp.), masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), Andrenid bees, Eumenine wasps (Ancistrocerus spp., Stenodynerus spp.), Syrphid flies, thick-headed flies (Conopidae), Tachinid flies, flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), butterflies, skippers (Polites spp.), beetles, and plant bugs (Miridae). Other insects feed destructively on the plant juices, roots, flowerheads, and other parts of Philadelphia Fleabane and other fleabanes (Erigeron spp.). These species include the aphids Uroleucon erigeronense and Uroleucon gravicorne, the leafhopper Empoasca alboneura, the plant bug Polymerus basalis, and the caterpillars of such moths as the Wavy-lined Emerald (Synchlora aerata), Speyer's Cucullia (Cucullia speyeri), and the Lynx Flower Moth (Schinia lynx). The Insect Table has a more complete listing of insects that feed on fleabanes. Deer, rabbits, groundhogs, horses, cattle, and sheep also eat the foliage and flowerheads of these plants. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken along a roadside ditch in Champaign, Illinois, and on a lawn near Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Philadelphia Fleabane can be distinguished from other fleabanes (Erigeron spp.) by its clasping leaves and the greater number of ray florets on its flowerheads. Compared to Annual Fleabane (Erigeron annuus) and Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus), this plant prefers moister locations. In areas with mild winters, Philadelphia Fleabane may live longer than 2 years, although it is still short-lived. There is some variation in the characteristics of this plant across its range. These varieties are differentiated by the persistence of their basal leaves and the hairiness of their foliage. In Illinois, only the typical variety occurs. Another common of Erigeron philadelphicus is Marsh Fleabane.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
Description: This is a perennial plant up to 3½' tall that branches occasionally. The light green stems have small purple streaks and scattered white hairs. The alternate or opposite leaves are up to 6" long and 3" across, becoming smaller as they ascend the stems. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate in shape and their margins have widely spaced teeth (or less often, they lack teeth). The upper leaf surface is olive or dark green with minute appressed hairs. The petioles are short and slightly winged. Upper stems terminate in individual flowerheads spanning about 2½-4" across. These flowerheads have long naked peduncles (flowering stalks) up to 8" long; the peduncles have scattered hairs like the stems. Each daisy-like flowerhead has 10-20 ray florets that surround a large central cone of numerous disk florets. The central cone is yellowish brown to reddish brown, somewhat flattened, and very prickly. The petaloid rays are purple, narrowly oblong, and they tend to droop downward with age. Around the base of each flowerhead, there are numerous floral bracts (phyllaries) that are arranged in several layers. These bracts are green, hairy, and narrowly lanceolate, becoming recurved when the flowerhead blooms. The blooming period begins in mid-summer and lasts about a month, after which there is a temporary dormancy. Later, some plants may bloom again during the early fall. In bright sunlight, the flowerheads are mildly fragrant. Afterwards, the disk florets are replaced by dark achenes that are narrow and flat; they lack tufts of hair. At this time, the seedhead is prickly and dark-colored. The root system is fibrous and short-rhizomatous. Small dense colonies of plants may form from the rhizomes. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full to partial sun and moist to mesic conditions. Growth is best in fertile loam, but the soil can contain some gravel or clay. Foliar disease is rarely troublesome. While there is some drought resistance, the entire plant will wilt if the soil becomes too dry, particularly in strong sunlight. This plant is very easy to grow if the preceding requirements are met. Range & Habitat: The native Purple Coneflower occurs primarily in central and NE Illinois, and a few counties in southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). While often grown in gardens around homes and businesses, it is an uncommon plant in the wild. However, Purple Coneflower is often used in prairie restorations, where it may be locally common. Some populations, particularly in the Chicago area, are probably plants that have escaped from cultivation. Habitats include moist to mesic black soil prairies, edges and openings in woodlands, savannas, thickets, and limestone glades. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by long-tongued bees, bee flies, Halictid bees, butterflies, and skippers. Among long-tongued bees, are such visitors as honeybees, bumblebees, digger bees (Melissodes spp.), and leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.). Butterfly visitors include Monarchs, Fritillaries, Painted Ladies, Swallowtails, Sulfurs, and Whites. The caterpillars of the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot) feed on the foliage, while the caterpillars of several moths feed on the flowerheads. These latter species include Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria (Blackberry Looper), Eupithecia miserulata (Common Eupithecia), Synchlora aerata (Wavy-Lined Emerald), and Homoeosoma electella (Sunflower Moth). A small songbird, the Eastern Goldfinch, occasionally eats the seeds during the summer and early fall. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at Meadowbrook Park in Urbana, Illinois, and the webmaster's wildflower garden in the same city. Comments: This is a striking plant when it is in full bloom, as the flowers are large and colorful. There is a cultivated form, called 'White Swan,' that is often grown in flower gardens, but plants with white petaloid rays are very rare in the wild. Purple Coneflower seems to attract more than its fair share of butterflies, particularly in sunny, sheltered areas. It can be distinguished from the similar Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflower) by its broader leaves, bushier habit, and later blooming period.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-3' tall and unbranched. The central stem is light green, terete, and glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed-ascending hairs. Alternate leaves occur along each stem, their blades becoming significantly shorter as they ascend; the upper leaf blades are ascending, while the lower leaf blades are widely spreading to arching. The leaf blades are 2-12" long and ¼–¾" across; they are linear to narrowly elliptic in shape and entire (toothless) along their margins. In addition, their margins are usually minutely ciliate, otherwise they are glabrous. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf blades are medium green and glabrous (or nearly so). The primary veins of leaf blades are parallel. The lower to middle leaves have narrow petioles that are up to 6" long, while the upper leaves are sessile or they clasp the central stem. The central stem terminates in a solitary flowerhead on a long naked peduncle that is more or less erect. The peduncle is typically 4-12" long and its characteristics are similar to those of the central stem. Each flowerhead is about 2–2½" across, consisting of 10-30 ray florets that surround a central head of numerous disk florets. The central head is dark reddish brown to nearly black, dome-shaped to nearly globoid, and prickly in both appearance and touch from the hardened scales of its receptacle. The disk florets are up to ¼" (6 mm.) in length, narrowly tubular in shape, and 5-lobed. The petaloid rays of the flowerhead are yellow, narrowly oblong in shape, and descending. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1 month for a colony of plants. Afterwards, the disk and ray florets are replaced by achenes. These achenes are 4-5 mm. long, narrowly oblongoid-angular in shape, tan to brown, and glabrous; their apices may have a crown of up to 4 minute teeth each. The root system consists of a taproot. This plant reproduces by reseeding itself. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full sun, mesic to dry conditions, and rocky soil. However, in cultivation it will adapt to most soil types if they are well-drained. Range & Habitat: Currently there are no records of Ozark Coneflower naturalizing in Illinois, i.e., persisting in the wild for more than one year (see Distribution Map). However, the webmaster observed a single plant of this species (the typical variety) growing wild in an upland prairie at Meadowbrook Park in Urbana, Illinois, that persisted and flowered for a single year. Because Ozark Coneflower is occasionally cultivated in gardens, there exists the possibility that it could escape and naturalize within the state. The typical variety of this species, as described here, is endemic to Missouri and Arkansas, where it is found in such habitats as rocky prairies, hill prairies, glades, and bald knobs. This is regarded as a conservative species that is found in high quality natural areas where the original ground flora is still intact. [图片]Faunal Associations: Information about floral-faunal relationships for this species is rather limited. The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract various insects, especially long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers. According to Covell (1984/2005), the caterpillars of some Geometer moths feed on the florets of coneflowers (Echinacea spp., Rudbeckia spp.) in the Aster family, including Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria (Blackberry Looper Moth), Eupithecia miserulata (Common Pug), and Synchlora aerata (Wavy-lined Emerald). Various grasshoppers feed on the foliage of Ozark Coneflower, although the presence of the Northern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) near brush piles reduces the extent of the damage that these insects cause (Van Zandt et al., 2005). During late summer to early autumn, the Eastern Goldfinch eats the seeds of Ozark Coneflower and other Echinacea spp. [图片]Photographic Location: A flower garden at the Arboretum of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Ozark Coneflower (Echinacea paradoxa paradoxa) can be distinguished from other coneflowers in the Echinacea genus by its yellow petaloid rays – all of the others have pink, light purple, purple, or white petaloid rays. The other variety of this coneflower, Bush's Purple Coneflower (Echinacea paradoxa neglecta), differs from the typical variety by having pink, light purple, or white petaloid rays and its achenes are at least partially hairy, rather than glabrous. This latter variety is endemic to Oklahoma and Texas. Ozark Coneflower superficially resembles Missouri Coneflower (Rudbeckia missouriensis), but the leaves and stems of the latter species are more hairy, its petaloid rays are widely spreading rather than drooping, and the head of its compound flower is relatively smooth, rather than prickly.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月25日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is up to 3' tall and unbranched. The stout central stem is greyish or reddish green and covered with coarse white hairs. Most of the leaves occur near the base of the plant, although a few of them alternate along the lower 1/3 of the stem. They are up to 9" long and 2" across, and narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate. The margins are smooth, but often curl upward, while the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves are covered with fine white hairs. Leaf venation is primarily parallel, although a few fine pinnate veins may be present. A single daisy-like composite flower develops at the top of the stem. It is about 3" across, consisting of a prominent reddish brown cone of disk florets, which are surrounded by 12-20 light purple ray florets. The ray florets are long, slender, and droop downward. There is no noticeable floral scent. The blooming period occurs during early summer and lasts about 3 weeks, after which the ray florets shrivel away and the central cone turns black. The achenes are without tufts of hair. The root system consists of a stout taproot. Cultivation: The preference is full sun and average to dry conditions. The soil can contain loam, clay, or rocky material. There is a tendency for Pale Purple Coneflower to flop over when in bloom if it is pampered by too much water or lacks adequate support from adajacent vegetation. It doesn't seem to be bothered much by disease, and withstands drought very well. Development is slow unless ample sunlight is received. This plant can fail to survive the winter if the central taproot is not covered with sufficient soil. Range & Habitat: Pale Purple Coneflower occurs occasionally throughout Illinois, except in some of the southern counties (see Distribution Map). It is native to Illinois. Habitats include mesic to dry black soil prairies, openings in dry rocky woods, Oak savannas, limestone glades, abandoned fields, and open areas along railroads. It is possible that this plant occurred in gravel or dolomite prairies before these habitats were largely destroyed by development. [图片]Faunal Associations: Long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers are the most important visitors to the flowers. Among the long-tongued bees, are such visitors as bumblebees, Nomadine cuckoo bees, large carpenter bees, and leaf-cutting bees. Short-tongued green metallic bees and other Halictine bees also visit the flowers occasionally. The caterpillars of the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot) feed on the foliage, while caterpillars of the moths Synchlora aerata (Wavy-Lined Emerald) and Eupithecia miserulata (Common Eupithecia) feed on the flowerheads. Goldfinches occasionally eat the seeds. Mammalian herbivores, particularly livestock, may eat this plant occasionally, but it is not a preferred food source. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the Red Bison Railroad Prairie in Savoy, Illinois. Comments: This plant usually precedes Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in bloom by about 2-4 weeks. Sometimes their flowers are difficult to tell apart, but the leaves of Pale Purple Coneflower are more long and narrow, hairier, lighter green, and tend to remain near the base of the plant.
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Lucky Coyote
2017年12月24日
Lucky Coyote
[图片][图片][图片]
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权问薇
2017年12月24日
权问薇
[图片]土壤选择 它们比较耐旱，毕竟最初是在热带生长的植物，所以这种植物还是能耐干旱的。不过排水良好的土肯定更好。最适合的PH还是要略低一点，就算是新开垦出来的土地，也是能有很好的收成的。 播种育苗 这种植物是有两种播种方法的，一种是直接种出来，另一种是选择用苗床播种。直接播种的时候，之前一定要加上鸡粪等肥料。选择苗床播种的话，也要选择菜园等土壤比较好的位置。等苗长到15cm左右的时候，就可以选择适当的时间进行移栽了。 中耕定苗 这种植物的生长期间除草两三次就可以，第一次苗长高到10cm以上的时候，可以把过密的苗移到过稀的位置，这样既能很好的间苗，又能把土地合理利用起来。第二次可以在苗高三四十厘米的时候进行，第三次可以在出现花蕾的时候进行，这时候就要注意除草了。 病虫防治 这种植物最爱出现的虫子就是小造桥虫了，但是也有比较常见的蚜虫等，要提早发现，发现之后用试剂喷施就可以了。 这种植株主要的病害就是常见的枯萎病和根腐病，平时一定要关注天气，长时间下雨的话一定要注意排水，太过干旱的时候也要及时的补水。当然，如果有条件选择的话，可以直接选择抗病的品种，这样就会减少疾病发生的概率。 好了，现在了解这种花要怎么养了吧？觉得还不错的的朋友可以及时分享给别人哦。
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权问薇
2017年12月24日
权问薇
[图片]这种植物对水肥的要求 首先，它对水分有一定要求，如果过于缺水的话，它的发育会不好，整个植株会显得比较矮小。但是，它对水分也比较敏感，所以不能过于湿润，特别是在温度特别高的时候。另外，它是一种比较喜肥的植物，特别是在它成长的旺盛时期，此外在栽种的时候也有一些需要。 具体方法 浇水：栽种完成之后，我们需要对它彻底浇一次水，一定要浇透。其后，在它快速成长发育的时期，我们不能让它缺水。为了保证足够的水分，一般我们会选择一个星期左右浇一次。不过，需要注意的是，它同样不能积水，一定要确保水分及时排出。等到开花期之后，就可以逐渐减少浇水的量和次数了。到了它的休眠期间，保持干燥就行了。另外，需要注意的是空气的湿润度也要保证。 施肥：在栽种之前，我们就应该对基质进行提前的除了。一般情况下，我们会选择富含有机质的、稍微偏酸性的土，并在里面混一些养料进去，这样做既有利于保证以后的养分供应，也有利于提高它的成活率。在成长期，每隔两个星期左右施加一次磷酸二氢钾的溶液，也可以使用一些含有N元素比较丰富的肥料。跟浇水差不多，等到它进入休眠阶段的时候，就不用继续施加了。
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权问薇
2017年12月24日
权问薇
[图片]如何施肥 在生长期内约15天进行一次施肥即可，但在此期间要注意肥料中的铵态氮的含量，若含量较大时，会让叶子加快生长速度，而且叶子的大小也会超出正常的大小，变得较软，且颜色较深，造成植物的徒长，若温度在较低时，徒长的更厉害。若发生此现象，可以用硝酸钾及硝酸钙进行施放。 在花苞生长期间，要挑选硝酸钾较多的肥料进行施放，有利于花苞的形成。 注意事项 追肥时肥料宁淡勿浓，可以少量多次施肥。 在夏季时若发现叶子边缘出现黄边、焦边等现象，这表明植物需要补钙了；在生长期间，若感觉植物很容易被折断，非常的脆，这表明植物缺硼了。 此植物对肥料的需求颇高，若是栽种时基肥施放的不充足，那就要靠追肥来补足，不然会严重影响植物的生长及开花。 花期内则要减少氮肥的施放，可以适当的增加一下钾肥的施放。开花时施肥，一定不要让花朵沾染上肥料，这很容易烧伤花朵。 说完施肥，那顺便来说说土壤，栽种前一定要挑选养分高的土质，这样的土质无论是对植株的栽种还是健康生长都十分有利。
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家里的二哈爱吃花
2017年12月24日
家里的二哈爱吃花
[图片]病害 第一种病叫做“根腐病”，一般发生在六月份到八月份这个时间范围之内，它主要危害这种植物的幼苗。如果是在雨季，这种病会造成更大的危害，也就是根部腐烂的现象会更加严重，甚至轻轻一拔就能把这种植物拔起来。防治这种病，首先要使用药剂，我们可以选择百分之五十的退菌特六百倍到一千倍对其喷洒。其次，我们应该在栽种的时候就应该注意，选择排水良好的地方。 第二种病叫做“叶枯病”，我们可以从这种病的名字上推断出它主要侵害的是植株的叶片处。发病初期症状不是很明显，叶子上会长出一些黄褐斑点，中间是灰白色慢慢向边缘扩散呈绿色，继续发展下去叶片会整个枯死。对付这种病，我们首先得将病叶都剪掉，然后喷洒波尔多药液，每隔一周左右一次，连续用药两到三次。其次，我们还要注意冬季及时清扫枯枝落叶。 虫害 主要造成危害的虫子有一种，叫做“豹纹木蠹蛾”，这种害虫会蛀蚀这种植物的树枝和树干，造成其中空的现象，严重的话甚至会导致整个植物都枯萎。消灭这种害虫，我们可以在六月初这种害虫产卵之前用生石灰和硫磺粉加水调成的药剂杀死它们。对于已经侵入树干的虫子，我们可以用棉棒蘸着杀虫剂消灭它们。
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权问薇
2017年12月24日
权问薇
[图片]一、选择花盆 不同的生长阶段对花盆规格的要求都是不同的哦，要根据其的大小和生长的速度快慢不同，选择与其相适合的花盆，不过我们一般买回来的水晶花烛已经是中苗以上的了，大约是十五厘米。所有上盆的时候可以选择一次性的160x150毫米的塑料盆进行种植，如果用的是之前已经用过的花盆，必须要清理干净再进行消毒杀菌，然后晒干才能使用。如果是买的新盆的话要先用水浸泡一两天之后才能使用，通过浸泡的方式去除其的碱性。 [图片]二、制作排水层 给花盆制作排水层，有助于更好的排水通气。先用两片小的瓦片交错着放在排气孔上，可以防止排气孔被土壤堵住。 三、选择基质 上盆时要求基质必须有很强的保水、保肥的能力，不回积水、很好的通透性。并且能够将植株很好的固定住。在种植之前基质必须经过彻底的消毒，彻底的消灭病虫害，这样才能保证花烛正常生长。 [图片]四、填土、种植 填土的时候要分两次进行，上盆时要先在盆底放入四到五厘米的碎石子，再放两三厘米的培养土的同时将花烛正放在盆的中心，这样可以使得其根须能够更好的舒展，这里双珠种植会比单株种植的效果好，最后再将培养土填满花盆即可。上盆后一点要用土把整个盆都填满，不要留有空洞，切记不能用手按，不然会伤害其根部。 五、遮光、浇水 种植的时候要进行遮光，因为花烛天性喜阴，所以需要用有75％的遮光能力的遮光网进行必要的遮光，以避免太强的光照，然后浇水，浇水要浇透。种植后要适时喷洒施菌剂，可以预防病虫害。
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