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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Whiteflies are harmful to both outdoor and indoor plants by sucking plant sap. Under certain conditions, they can also transmit disease. The whitefly parasite (Encarsia formosa) lays its eggs — as many as 50 to 100 — in both pupae and later larval stages of the white fly, destroying them before they can become adults. The host larva turns black as the parasite develops. It emerges, depending on conditions, in about two weeks. The adults will also feed on the larval juices released when they puncture the larvae.
Shop our large selection of beneficial insects, including whitefly parasites, at Planet Natural. One strip of cards — 500 parasitic wasps — treats up to 250 square feet and costs $29.50 with USPS Priority Mail shipping included! Attracted to the flies by the smell of the honeydew they produce, E. formosa is an efficient biological control of whitefly and one of the most cost effective ways to control greenhouse and indoor infestations of the pest.
Humidity and strong light encourage the parasite’s activity. Temperature is also key as the parasite will not fly and seek out new prey at temperatures under 62 degrees. Its preference for warm, humid, well-lit conditions make the whitefly parasite the perfect solution for indoor and greenhouse whitefly problems.
Depending on pest levels, the following release rates have been established: 2-4 per square foot of infested area 1-2 per plant when pests are first noticed Whitefly parasites are shipped as mature pupae in host eggs, glued to a paper card and almost ready to hatch as adult parasitic wasps. If pest levels are high, use a least-toxic, short-lived natural pesticide (insecticidal soap, botanical insecticide) to establish control, then release beneficials 2-3 weeks later to maintain control.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Thrips are tiny pests capable of doing sizeable damage to plants. The thrips predator (Amblyseius cucumeris) moves quickly to attack eggs, larvae and small adult thrips. Female thrips predators, while consuming two to three thrips a day, also lay two to three eggs a day, multiplying the beneficial insect’s population as it feeds.
Shop our large selection of biological controls, including thrips predators, at Planet Natural. One bottle — 50,000 predatory mites — treats up to 2,000 square feet and costs $84.95 with UPS Express shipping included! A. cucumeris, like thrips themselves, are small (1/16 inch or less). These tan colored predatory mites are hard to spot. They are best introduced ahead of infestations or when thrips are first noticed, allowing the predator time to establish an effective population before their prey has a chance to gain footing. Once thrips populations are eliminated, this effective biological control will stay established in gardens and greenhouse, feeding on pollen and spider mites.
The delicate predator eggs are deposited on fine hairs found on the underside of the leaves. Tiny nymphs hatch within two to three days and begin feeding on pollen, pest eggs and the smallest thrips. Their entire life cycle is no more than three to four weeks. Adults are a pinkish beige, tear-drop shaped with short front legs. They’re often found resting in hiding places including leaf-stem junctures along leaf veins and in flower heads.
HOW TO RELEASE: Gently turn and shake the bottle to mix the contents. Spread the material evenly over leaves and throughout crops. When introduced on rockwool, place in small heaps (2.5 ml/ plant) to encourage reproduction.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
A voracious predator, spined soldier bugs (Podisus maculiventris) prey on some of the most potentially-damaging grubs, caterpillars and soft-bodied insect pests including the European corn borer and corn earworm, Gypsy moth caterpillars, the cabbage looper and cabbage worm, flea beetles and Colorado potato beetles, fall armyworms and beet army worms, the diamond back moth, the cotton boll worm and the Mexican bean beetle. Varying in color from brown to yellow and speckled with black spots, P. maculiventris is common throughout the United States.
Shop our large selection of biological controls, including spined soldier bugs, at Planet Natural. One vial — 250 eggs — treats up to 250 square feet and costs $159.95 with FedEx Overnight shipping included!
Highly mobile, adult soldier bugs will scurry or fly among plants to discover prey. They suck out their victims’ juices by penetrating it with its large, weapon-like proboscis. Adult female lay barrel-shaped egg clusters colored gray, cream or gold on stems and leaves, each cluster containing 20 to 30 eggs. Female will lay up to 1,000 eggs during their lifespan. Nymphs, which are predacious in four of their five stages, stay close to their egg clusters until they begin seeking prey of their own. Females can live five to eight weeks depending on conditions, males slightly longer. Because the spined soldier bug preys on nearly 100 different pests, it’s highly effective in both gardens and greenhouses.
HOW TO RELEASE: Use 1-2 predators per square foot depending on pest infestation. Dispense eggs evenly over plant leaves and as close to the pest problem as possible. Do NOT release during the sunny part of the day, but rather wait until evening or early morning. Eggs will hatch shortly after release and young nymphs will move quickly from plant to plant in search of food.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Despite its miniscule size — 1mm or less — Trichogramma pretiosum is an efficient killer of some 200 undesirable insects. It uses smell to determine the suitability of a host for deposit of its egg. Wasps emerging from a destroyed egg note its smell and use it to find another suitable host. Harmful insects it predates include armyworm, bagworm, European corn borer, peach borer, squash borer, cankerworm, alfalfa caterpillar, cutworm, corn earworm, wax moth, tomato hornworm, cabbage looper and codling moth. The parasitic wasp inserts its eggs inside the eggs of these pests, killing them before they enter the plant-consuming larval stage.
Shop our large selection of beneficial insects, including moth egg parasites, at Planet Natural. One small bag — 3 squares — treats 15,000 square feet and costs $12.95 with USPS First-Class Mail shipping included! The female trichogramma is prolific during a lifespan that is less than two weeks. She injects a single egg into the eggs of the pest. After consuming the contents of its host egg, a new adult emerges within a week. Because of this quick turnover, trichogramma wasps multiply rapidly given the right conditions.
During her 9-11 day life, the female wasp will seek out and destroy about 100 pest eggs by laying an egg inside of it. As the tiny parasites develop inside they consume the contents. Depending upon climatic conditions a new adult will emerge in about a week. The emerging adults are overwhelmingly female, few are male. This and the short life cycle allows the wasp’s population to quickly reach effective numbers in relation to the target pest.
HOW TO RELEASE: Shipped as pupae in host eggs, glued to one inch by one inch paper squares, T. pretiosum arrive ready to hatch out as adult wasps. Release when moths are first present and periodically thereafter. Use 5,000 parasites (1 square) per 5,000 square feet weekly, or every other week for 3 to 6 consecutive weeks.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
The mealybug predator, better known as Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, was originally brought to America from Australia over 100 years ago by Albert Koebele, an early champion of biological controls. Used to help control an outbreak of the the citrus mealybug — mission accomplished! — these small lady beetles are deadly as adults and larvae to aphids and soft scale insects as well as mealybugs.
Shop our large selection of biological controls, including mealybug predators, at Planet Natural. One vial — 100 “crypts” — treats up to 50 plants and costs $84.95 with FedEx Overnight shipping included! Mostly black with a tan front, the adult Cryptolaemus searches out the waxy, sometimes cotton-like egg cases of its prey. It then lays its own eggs nearby. The larvae emerge within five days and begin to feed on the eggs as well as the young crawler stage and the pest’s honeydew . After three larval stages, the mealy bug larvae enter the pupal stage before becoming egg-laying adults. The process takes approximately three weeks. Adult females will lay some 400 eggs over their two month life span.
While this predatory beetle thrives on high mealybug populations, they are best released in early spring when the first pests are observed. The predatory beetles are most active at 70°F or higher and should be released at a rate of 0.5 per square foot of planted area, or 2-5 beetles per infested plant. In orchards, release 1,000-2,000 adult beetles per acre of mature fruit trees.
HOW TO RELEASE: Adult beetles are shipped in vials mixed with paper strips to provide protection. Water the area to be protected and gently shake the contents evenly over, or near, the pest problem. Do NOT release during the sunny part of the day, but rather wait until evening or early morning. Repeat as necessary, usually once or twice per year.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Damage from leaf miner larvae — the tunnels or mines that scroll across leaves — is easy to spot. The leafminer parasite (Diglyphus isaea) is a small, black, non-stinging wasp that searches out leaf miners on which to lay its egg. The wasp kills the leaf miner as it lays its egg, and the emerging larvae use the dead miner as food. The adult parasite exits the tunnel sometime later and will then go on to lay 200 – 300 eggs during its nearly month-long life. While destructive leaf miners often survive pesticide treatments because they are protected inside the tunnels, they cannot escape the parasite, which raps its antennae on the mine to locate the miner. Leaves with short or dead-ended mines often indicate the presence of D. isaea.
Shop our large selection of biological controls, including leaf-miner parasites, at Planet Natural. One bottle — 500 adults — treats up to 20,000 square feet and costs $234.95 with UPS Express shipping included!
HOW TO RELEASE: Make introductions when leaf miner infection increases. Apply in the morning or evening between the leaves on plants. Each 100 ml bottle (500 adults) will treat 5,000-20,000 square feet, depending on pest levels.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
The subject of popular children’s books and a universal sign of luck, lady beetles — also known as ladybugs, or ladybirds (Hippodamia convergens) — spend their lives in both adult and larval stages feeding on mites, aphids, other soft-bodied bugs and all the insect eggs they can find.
Shop our large selection of beneficial insects, including live ladybugs, at Planet Natural. One half pint — 4,500 ladybugs — treats an average size garden for $32.95 with FedEx 2-day shipping included! Every gardener has spotted the lady beetle’s cluster of bright yellow eggs on plant leaves and stems. Within a week the eggs hatch and the insatiable, horned and segmented larvae emerge seeking food. The larvae go through three molting stages and, depending on conditions, will pupate after three to four weeks. It’s another week before the adult emerges, ready to resume feeding.
H. convergens will generally go through one or two generations during a growing season, often synchronized with the advent of aphid infestations. Plants that provide the adults with a source of pollen and nectar will help encourage these popular beneficial insects to stay in your garden.
HOW TO RELEASE: Adult beetles are shipped in cotton bags mixed with wood shavings. Water the area to be protected and gently shake the contents evenly over the pest infestation. Do NOT release during the sunny part of the day, but rather wait until evening or early morning. With sufficient food available, ladybugs will likely stay in the area. However, it is not uncommon for them to take flight if not enough food is present.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Despite its beautiful, poetic name, the green lacewing (Chrysoperla rufilabris) is deadly to almost any soft-bodied insect pest and its eggs. In its adult stage, it lives up to its name, feeding only on nectar and pollen. In its larval stage — when it’s known as the “aphid lion” or “aphid wolf” — it’s a voracious consumer of problem insects, known to devour over 200 aphids in a week. If it runs out of food, it will cannibalize other lacewing larvae.
Shop our large selection of beneficial insects, including green lacewing, at Planet Natural. One vial — 1,000 eggs — treats up to 1,200 square feet and costs $14.50 with USPS First-Class Mail shipping included!
C. rufilabris lays up to 200 eggs, often near a colony of aphids, on a slender stalk, known as the “egg stalk,” attached to the underside of a plant leaf. After hatching, the larvae climb the stalk to find their prey. The larvae continue to feed for two to three weeks, then spin cocoons from which the delicate adults emerge in five days, ready to lay more eggs.
HOW TO RELEASE: Release when a few tiny (1/32nd of an inch) larvae are seen moving about the container. Gently turn and shake the container to mix the contents. Spread the material evenly over the pest infested area. A second release, two weeks later, may be necessary.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Both the nymph and adult stages of the pirate bug (Orius insidiosus) are insatiable consumers of soft bodied insects including aphids, spider mites, thrips, caterpillars and their eggs. Adult predators will consume over 30 spider mites in a day. Both stages accomplish this with a long proboscis or beak that pierces the victim and allows the bug to suck its prey dry.
Shop our large selection of biological controls, including pirate bugs, at Planet Natural. One bottle — 1,000 predatory bugs — treats up to 20,000 square feet and costs $169.95 with UPS Express shipping included!
Immature pirate bugs are tiny, wingless and tear-dropped shaped, often brown and yellow-orange. The adults are also small, ranging from 1/12 to 1/5 of an inch long. Their eggs are deposited underneath plant tissue where they go undetected. The pirate bug’s metamorphosis, from egg to adult, takes place in less than three weeks, and two or three generations can hatch during a season. They are commonly found living on corn, soybeans, tomatoes and grain crops as well as on flowers and in landscapes. They can be attracted with vetch, sweet clover, alfalfa and daisies.
HOW TO RELEASE: Gently turn and shake the bottle to mix the contents. Spread the material evenly over plant leaves or clean rockwool slabs. Place in groups of 75-100 predators to encourage reproduction.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
One of the most dangerous insects known to man! Yellow jackets (Vespula spp.) are considered beneficial around home gardens at certain times of the year because they prey on insect pests such as caterpillars, spiders, flies and even mollusks. Unfortunately, by late summer when their populations peak, they often become problems around picnic tables, trash cans and hummingbird feeders.
Yellow jackets are more aggressive than other stinging insects, such as wasps, hornets or bees, and will vigorously defend their nests. Swarm attacks can occur when a nest opening is accidentally stepped on or hit with equipment. Ground vibrations from lawnmowers have also been known to trigger an attack, especially in late summer.
Life Cycle Queen yellow jackets are the only member of a colony that will survive the winter. In the spring, she digs a cavity in the soil or enlarges an existing hole, constructs a nest and lays a dozen or so eggs. After 3-5 days young larvae hatch and are fed by the queen until they mature to workers and can forage for themselves. Eventually, the queen restricts her activity to producing eggs while the workers feed her and care for the larvae and pupae. During the summer, the nest grows until there are several layers of comb enclosed in a paper envelope. In late summer, newly developed males and queens leave the nest and begin mating. Males die shortly after mating, while females seek out suitable sites in which to overwinter.
Control The best way to get rid of a yellow jacket nest is to spray Safer® Wasp & Hornet Killer directly into the opening. Do this at dusk or early morning when stinging insects are least active. If you can’t find the nest, hang reusable or disposable traps around backyards and patios, trash cans and campsites to reduce pest numbers. Designed to mimic an enemy nest, The Original Waspinator works by sending the message that the area is already inhabited. Stinging insects stay away! Cover trash cans/bins and keep them clean so insects are not attracted. If recycling, rinse materials before putting them in the bin.
Store refuse containers well away from outdoor eating areas to reduce the number of encounters. Keep pet food indoors. Seal cracks, crevices, vents, screens and other entry points to prevent access into homes or sheds.
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