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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
吊兰生命力极强，适应能力也是，养殖非常简单，最为传统的居室垂挂植物之一。吊兰可吸收室内80%以上的有害气体，吸收甲醛的能力超强。一般新房装修后保持多通风，放置几盆吊兰等绿植，空置三到六个月后基本可达到入住标准；吊兰还能吸收一氧化碳、过氧化氮等有害气体，还能分解苯，吸收香烟烟雾中的尼古丁等比较稳定的有害物质，故吊兰又有“绿色净化器”之美称。
盆养吊兰，在一般情况下，常出现叶尖干枯、叶片逐渐失去光泽等现象，为养好吊兰，需采取如下措施： 一、光照适当吊兰喜半阴环境，秋季应避开强烈阳光直射。秋季阳光特别强烈，白天需遮去阳光的50％～70％，否则会使叶尖干枯，尤其是花汁品种，更怕强光照射。金边吊兰在光线弱的地方会长得更加漂亮，黄色的金边更明显，叶片更亮泽。 二、施肥适量吊兰是较耐肥的观叶植物，若肥水不足，容易衰老，叶片发黄，失去观赏价值。宜每7～10天施1次有机肥液，但对金边、金心等花叶品种，应少施氮肥，以免花叶颜色变淡甚至消失，影响美观。适当施用骨粉、蛋壳等沤制的有机肥，待充分发酵后，取适量稀释液，每10～15天浇1次，可使花叶艳丽明亮。
三、浇水适当吊兰喜湿润环境，要经常保持盆土湿润，秋季浇水要充足，中午前后及傍晚还应往枝叶上喷水，以防叶片干枯。如吊兰上蒙尘较多，既影响其生长，又影响其美观，所以要经常对枝叶进行喷水，保持枝叶艳丽美观。下部枯叶、黄叶要随时摘去，平时要保持正常湿度，不宜干燥，也不宜过湿。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
洋兰花具有花朵硕大、花形奇特多姿、绚丽；花期长，可达3个月左右；栽培介质不是土壤而是树皮、苔藓等，很少发生病虫害，能够保持家庭的卫生整洁等特点，因此成为近年来深受市民喜爱的年宵盆栽花卉。
洋兰花瓣灰霉病危害的病原真菌为Botrytis cinerea，病症为在花瓣、萼片上出现小的圆褐色斑点，在蝴蝶兰、嘉德丽雅兰、文心兰中较常见，主要由高湿及通风不良的环境引起。冬春季低温时，为防止外界冷空气入侵温室内侵害兰花，故常紧闭门窗或作保温措施，导致温室内空气的相对湿度很高(达90％以上)，正是此病发生和蔓延的好机会。该真菌性病害为一广泛性的病原菌，寄主多达数百种，可感染花卉、观赏植物、蔬菜和果树类等，每年2-5月，普遍发生於栽培温室内。若蝴蝶兰花朵受感染时，不但影响观赏价值，商品价值降低，甚至销售无门，损失甚大。防治方法如下：
（1）注意通风透气，降低环境湿度。 （2）第一朵花展开前，开始喷50%的扑灭灵可湿性粉剂2000倍药剂，以后每隔2-4周喷施一次。 （3）开花期间，发现染病的花朵立即摘除，集中烧毁或掩埋。 （4）温室内外其他观赏植物花卉类亦需同时喷施保护。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
银杏，大家都非常熟悉了吧，这是一种落叶乔木，是第四纪冰川运动后遗留下来的裸子植物中最古老的孑遗植物，非常的珍贵。 银杏抗病虫害能力非常强，但由于近年来各省市之间苗木交流频繁，造成各种病虫害的交叉出现。导致上述现象的病虫害极可能是蛀蚀性害虫天牛，这种虫害幼虫的危害位置一般是树干距地面20厘米左右。成虫产卵20天后孵化出幼虫，生长在树皮和木质部之间，虫道长20至60厘米，一个月后害虫开始蛀蚀树干木质部，同时树下会出现害虫粪便。防治方法主要有四种：
1.捕捉成虫6月下旬至7月上旬是成虫的出孔时间，特别是下雨过后，大部分成虫会集中到树叶和枝条上，利于抓捕。 2.挖除初龄幼虫8月中旬，幼虫蛀蚀树干时会分泌出淡黄色胶状物质，可以用工具挖出幼虫。 3.涂盖树干6月中旬成虫产卵前，把树干2米以下位置全部用涂盖剂涂上。涂盖剂成分为一份石硫合剂、两份粘土、10份生石灰、40份水和少量盐。 4.堵孔杀虫9月份有粪便排出时，将磷化铝药片切成0.15克一份，塞到虫孔里，再用泥巴把孔封死。或者用棉花堵住蛀孔端，从排出孔用注射器注射药剂。药剂选择50%的辛硫磷、50%的敌敌畏或40%的氧化乐果与水以1∶100配比均可以。 以上都是根据山东气候特点安排的时间，如果是其他地方请根据当地具体气候选择不同方法。
家庭养护管理 放置场所：银杏喜光，宜放置于阳光充足、空气流通，但较湿润之处。夏季要避免曝晒，可适当庇荫；冬季能耐寒，一般可在室外越冬，但最好将盆埋进土里。 浇水：平时宜保持盆土湿润，不宜偏干，但也不能积水。夏季温高光强，银杏叶大蒸发快，应早晚浇水，不可间断。秋后宜少浇水。 施肥：每年冬季要施基肥，须用有机肥，如腐熟豆饼或厩肥。春夏间生长旺盛期，宜常施稀薄的饼肥水或沤熟的人粪尿，以促进枝叶的生长，保持鲜绿的叶色。 翻盆：可每隔2年进行一次，以春分前后为宜。银杏根系发达，可结合翻盆、换盆，剪短过长的根系，换去1B2～2B3的旧土，再在盆底施基肥饼屑。 银杏生长慢，寿命长，抗污染及有毒气体的能力强，很少发生病虫害。要注意老桩景盆土不能过湿，否则易发生根腐病。 说起银杏，大家第一时间想起的大概就是生长在大自然中的银杏树，而不是银杏盆景吧，但其实生活中银杏盆景才是更为大家所常见的。银杏是非常珍贵的一种落叶乔木，其叶形美观，株型优美，作为盆景出现时，具有非常不凡的欣赏价值和艺术价值。将银杏盆景摆放在家里，不仅能够装饰环境，还能够提高主人艺术生活品味。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
佛手掌叶色鲜绿，叶面光洁透明，叶片紧抱轮生于短茎上，长得酷似佛手状，所以很多人喜欢在家中养殖佛手掌。它原产非洲南部，性喜温暖湿润、光照充足的环境，也耐半阴和干旱，畏酷暑，怕寒冷，生长适温为18℃至22℃。对土壤要求不严，忌板结和积水，以排水良好的沙质壤土为最佳。
养殖过程中会出现叶片腐烂现象，小编整理了四个直接原因分享给大家： 一是盆土过湿 夏季高温季节，如果盆土中水分过多，加上空气湿度大，而此时植株已进入半休眠状态，吸收水分的功能较差，因而易招致叶片腐烂。应适当遮阴，为其创造一个通风良好、凉爽半阴的环境，使其能安全过夏。 二是施肥失误 如它在秋季生长旺盛，则氮肥不宜过多，否则易导致植株徒长和烂叶，应强调氮、磷、钾三要素的均衡供应。另外，浇施有机肥时，不要将肥液溅落于叶片上，以免引起病斑和腐烂。 三是叶片破损 在栽培养护过程中，如果叶片出现人为破损或虫咬损伤，脏水或病菌易乘虚而入，引起伤口处腐烂，所以应尽量避免叶片出现伤口。 四是病害烂叶 最常见的是佛手掌萎蔫病，病菌从根颈部侵入后，扩展至全株。病部初呈黄褐色至褐色，后根颈部起皱变软，地上部分全面萎蔫干枯，在高温高湿条件易发病。防治方法是：尽量减少伤口，必要时可于发病初期用50％的多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液，或70％的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂800倍液浇灌根颈部。
佛手掌的家庭养护应特别重视越冬和过夏期间的管理。 当环境气温超过32℃，植株将进入半休眠状态，此时应将盆栽植株搬放至阴凉处，停肥控水，保持盆土略呈干燥，注意环境通风透气，待秋凉后再恢复正常的水肥供应。冬季应保持棚室温度不低于10℃，维持盆土始终处于湿润状态，改浇水为喷水，停止施肥，确保其能安全过冬。家庭繁殖通常于9月至10月间进行扦插，扦插基质可用干净的湿沙，待切口收干后再将其插入沙床中，维持20℃左右的生根适温，一个月后即可生根，待其新根长至2厘米至3厘米长时，再行移栽上盆。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月27日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial wildflower is ¾–1½' tall and unbranched. It consists of a central stem with 3 terminal leaves; a mature plant will produce a single stalked flower. The central stem is terete, glabrous, and pale green or pale reddish-green. The terminal leaves are arranged in a whorl at the apex of this stem. Each leaf is up to 6" long and 5" across; it is oval-ovate or oval in shape, medium green, and glabrous. Each leaf has smooth margins and parallel primary veins. The single flower spans about 3-4" across on a stalk about 1-3" long. This stalk is ascending or erect; the flower is held above the leaves and usually leans to the side (but doesn't droop downward). Each flower consists of 3 white petals, 3 green sepals, a central white ovary, 6 stamens, and 3 stigmas. The petals are ovate-obovate, widely spreading, and usually longer than the sepals; they often become light pink with age. The sepals are lanceolate and widely spreading. The dull yellow stigmas are slender and either straight or slightly recurved. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring and lasts about 3 weeks. Each flower is replaced by a 6-angled seed capsule that becomes dark with age; it eventually splits open to release the seeds. The root system consists of a vertical rootstock with fibrous roots; spreading rhizomes are also produced. Occasionally, thisDistribution Map wildflower forms loose colonies of variable size. Cultivation: Dappled sunlight or light shade is preferred during the spring; later in the year, more shade is tolerated. The soil should be rich, loamy, rather loose, and evenly moist; a surface layer of leaves and other decaying organic material is desirable. This wildflower develops very slowly from seed (several years to maturity). It is also possible to propagate this species from vegetative offsets of the rhizomes, but this takes time to develop as well. Range & Habitat: The native Large-Flowered Trillium is occasional in NE Illinois, while in other areas of the state it is uncommon or absent. Populations of this species are stagnant or declining in Illinois; it is somewhat more common further to the east and northeast of the state. Habitats include rich deciduous woodlands, swamps, and shaded riverbanks. Occasionally, Large-Flowered Trillium is cultivated in shade gardens, but it is expensive and difficult to obtain; wild-collected plants should be avoided. Faunal Associations: As showy as they are, the flowers are rarely visited by insects; Graenicher observed a single species, Ceratina dupla (Little Carpenter Bee), sucking nectar and collecting pollen from them. Another small bee, Andrena geranii, was observed to seek shelter in a flower from the rain. The caterpillars of two moths, Euplexia benesimilis (American Angle Shades) and Clepsis melaleucana (Black-Patched Clepsis), occasionally feed on Trillium spp. (trilliums); the latter species is polyphagous. The seeds of this and other trilliums are distributed by ants because of their elaisomes (food appendages). White-Tailed Deer readily browse on the foliage and flowers of trilliums, and they appear to be attracted to Large-Flowered Trillium in particular (possibly because they can easily see the flowers). Where this trillium is abundant, its large leaves can provide significant cover for small mammals. Photographic Location: A deciduous woodland in Piatt County, Illinois.
Comments: Among the various species of trilliums, this one is probably the most attractive and charismatic. The flowers are very showy and the leaves have a nice glossy surface. The only other species that is similar, Trillium flexipes (White Trillium), has flowers that are a little smaller and more nodding; usually its flowers hang a little above or a little below the leaves. Large-Flowered Trillium has slender stigmas that are straight or slightly recurved, while White Trillium has stout stigmas that are strongly recurved. While there are other white-petaled trilliums in Illinois, their flowers are much smaller in size (2" across or less).
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Miss Chen
2018年05月27日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 1½–2' tall; it consists of a central stalk with 3 spreading terminal leaves. The stalk is light green and hairless. The leaves are up to 6½" long and across; they are broadly obovate or broadly rhombic-oval, smooth along the margins, and hairless. The base of each leaf is wedge-shaped, while the terminal end tapers to a blunt tip. The major veins of each leaf are parallel; there are also branching side veins. A mature plant produces a single flower on a nodding peduncle about 1–2½" long. This flower is about 2" across, consisting of 3 white spreading petals, 3 green sepals, 6 stamens (anthers & filaments), and a creamy central ovary. The pale yellow anthers are twice as long as their filaments. At the tip of the ovary, there are 3 recurved stigmas. Only rarely are the petals of the flowers brownish purple. The flower hangs from its peduncle a little above or a little below the leaves. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring. The seed capsule that replaces the flower is 6-angled; it splits open at maturity to release the seeds. The foliage withers away during the summer. The vertical central root is slightly swollen near the base of the plant; it branches into secondary fibrous roots. Small vegetative colonies are occasionally produced from spreading rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring, followed by light to medium shade. The soil should be evenly moist, fertile, and loamy, with a layer of decaying leaves on its surface to protect the plant from drying out. Trilliums are slow to develop from seed and take many years to reach maturity. Most growth and development occurs during the spring before the canopy trees fully leaf out.
Range & Habitat: The native White Trillium is occasional in the northern half of Illinois, and uncommon or absent in the southern half of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include rich deciduous woodlands, wooded slopes, large shady ravines, and rocky bluffs. This species is found in high quality woodlands where the original ground flora is still intact. Faunal Associations: Few insects visit the flowers of Trillium spp. (trilliums), even though their flowers are rather showy; records for this particular species have not been found. The caterpillars of the moths Clepsis melaleucana (Black-Patched Clepsis) and Euplexia benesimilis (American Angle Shades) occasionally feed on the foliage of Trilliums. The seeds are distributed by ants because of their food appendages. White-Tailed Deer readily graze on the foliage of trilliums; they seem to prefer it. Photographic Location: Deciduous woodlands at Shades State Park, Pine Hills State Nature Preserve, and the Potholes in west-central Indiana.
Comments: Other common names for this species are the Declined Trillium and Drooping Trillium. This is one of the white-flowered trilliums (Trillium spp.) in Illinois. It is much larger and blooms later than Trillium nivale (Snow Trillium), and its flowers are less erect and somewhat smaller than those of Trillium grandiflorum (Large-Flowered Trillium). This latter species has straight stigmas, while the stigmas of White Trillium are recurved and spreading. It is easy to confuse this species with Trillium cernuum (Nodding Trillium), which also has white nodding flowers. This latter species has somewhat smaller leaves and flowers, and the peduncles of its flowers are usually shorter (less than 1¼" long). This latter species has anthers that are about the same length as their filaments, while White Trillium has anthers that are about twice as long as their filaments.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月27日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is ¾-2' tall, consisting of a single central stem and 3 widely spreading leaves at its apex. This stem is light green to purplish green, terete, and glabrous. Individual leaves are 3-8" long and similarly across; they are oval-rhombic in shape, smooth along their margins, and sessile (or nearly so). The upper leaf surface is medium green and glabrous, while the lower surface is more pale; both surfaces are glabrous. Primary veins of the leaves are parallel, while secondary veins form an interlacing network. A flowering plant produces an erect to ascending peduncle about 1½-3" long, terminating in a single nodding flower that is held above the leaves. The peduncle is light green and glabrous. The flower is about 2" across, consisting of 3 maroon petals (reddish purple), 3 light green to greenish maroon sepals, 6 stamens, and a dark maroon ovary with 3 small recurved stigmata. When the flower is open, both petals and sepals are widely spreading; they are about the same length and similar shape, although the sepals are more narrow. The petals and sepals are lanceolate to ovate in shape and glabrous. The relatively small stamens have anthers and filaments that are about the same length; the anthers have light gray to yellowish pollen. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring for about 2-3 weeks. The flowers often have an unpleasant scent. Afterwards, the ovary matures into a dark maroon fruit that is broadly ovoid, 6-angled, and about ½" long. This fruit contains several seeds. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. Clonal colonies of plants are often produced from the rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight or light shade during the spring, followed by shade during the summer. The soil should be more or less moist and contain loam with decaying organic matter. Some protection from prevailing winds is also desirable. It takes a long time for this trillium to mature from seed (typically 5-10 years). The foliage dies down later in the summer.
Range & Habitat: The native Red Trillium is a rare wildflower in Illinois, where it is state-listed as 'endangered.' It is restricted to a few counties in the northern section of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats consist of rich deciduous woodlands that are more or less mesic and wooded slopes. In such woodlands, Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), American Basswood (Tilia americana), or oaks (Quercus spp.) are often dominant canopy trees. Further to the east, where it is more common, Red Trillium is associated with woodlands that are dominated by Sugar Maple and American Beech (Fagus grandifolia). This wildflower is sometimes cultivated in shaded gardens. Faunal Associations: Because the petals of the flowers have the color of rotting flesh and often exude a similar odor, they probably attract flesh flies, carrion beetles, and similar insects. The polyphagous larvae of two moth species, Clepsis melaleucana (Black-Patched Clepsis) and Euplexia benesimilis (American Angle Shades), have been observed to feed on the leaves of Trillium spp. The foliage is also vulnerable to browsing by White-tailed Deer: This has caused the decline of trillium populations in some parts of Illinois. Food-appendages of the seeds are designed to attract ants and possibly other insects. As a result, the seeds of Trillium spp. can be carried several feet from the mother plant by these insects, thereby helping to spread these flowering plants into neighboring areas.
Photographic Location: A flower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This wildflower lacks a dominant common name: It has been referred to as Red Trillium, Purple Trillium, Ill-Scented Trillium, Stinking Benjamin, Stinking Willie, and Birthwort. In addition to maroon (reddish purple), the flowers of this species can be white, pink, yellow, or green. Some of these variations may be the result of hybridization with other Trillium spp. In Illinois, only plants with maroon-colored flowers have been encountered in the wild. Red Trillium is fairly easy to identify because it is the only maroon-flowered trillium within the state that holds its flower above the leaves on a more or less erect peduncle (flowering stalk). Two other species in Illinois, Trillium recurvatum (Prairie Trillium) and Trillium sessile (Sessile Trillium), also have maroon-colored flowers, but they are sessile. The white-flowered form of Red Trillium can be distinguished from other white-flowered Trillium spp. by its dark maroon ovary.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月27日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower develops an erect stem about 2-8" tall that has a whorl of 5-9 leaves at its apex. The stem is light green (sometimes tinted yellow or red), terete, glabrous, and relatively slender. The stems are either naked, or they have a few scale-like leaves that are inconspicuous. The larger whorled leaves at the apex are 1-4" long and ¼-1½" across; they are more or less medium green, lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic in shape, relatively smooth along their margins, and glabrous. These latter leaves taper gradually to acute tips, while their bases are narrowly wedge-shaped; they are either short-petioled or sessile. In each whorl, these leaves can vary significantly in size. Leaf venation is pinnate. From the center of the whorled leaves, there develops 1-3 flowers on erect or ascending pedicels. The pedicels are ¾-2½" long, terete, light green (sometimes tinted yellow or red), glabrous, and slender. Each flower is about ½-¾" across, typically consisting of 7 white spreading petals, 7 light green sepals, 7 stamens with pale yellow anthers, and a light green ovary with a single white style. However, a flower can have as few as 5 petals, sepals, and stamens, or as many as 9. The petals are lanceolate-elliptic in shape, while the sepals are linear-lanceolate and glabrous. The petals are longer than the sepals. The blooming period is mid-spring to early summer (in Illinois & neighboring areas), lasting about 2-4 weeks. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by ovoid seed capsules that are 5-celled; they are shorter than the sepals. These capsules eventually split open to release their seeds. The root system is rhizomatous and fibrous; the rhizomes are slender and long. Cultivation: The preference is light shade or dappled sunlight, moist conditions, an acidic soil containing peat and/or sand, and cool summer temperatures.
Range & Habitat: The native Starflower is rare in Illinois and state-listed as 'threatened.' It is restricted to the northern section of the state (see Distribution Map). Illinois lies along the southern range-limit of this species. Habitats include tamarack bogs, birch bogs, hummocks in sandy swamps, edges of sandy woodlands along swamps, and ravines leading out of bluffs. This wildflower is found in high-quality natural areas where either coniferous or deciduous trees are present. Faunal Associations: Records of floral-faunal relationships for Starflower (Trientalis borealis) are sparse. The flowers attract Halictid bees, Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), and Syrphid flies. All of these insects either collect or feed on pollen, as the flowers do not produce nectar. The Eastern Chipmunk sometimes eats the seeds/capsules of this wildflower. It is possible that other small rodents do this as well.
Photographic Location: A moist woodland along the edge of a sandy swamp in NW Indiana. Comments: This delicate wildflower is unusual because it typically has 7-petaled flowers. The flowers of Starflower superficially resemble those of one of the showier chickweeds (e.g., Stellaria pubera), except their petals are usually more numerous and they are located above a conspicuous whorl of leaves. Two other species in the Trientalis genus have been described, but they don't occur in Illinois. One species from the Pacific northwest of North America, Trientalis latifolia, has pinkish flowers rather than white, while a European species, Trientalis europaea, has pedicels that are usually longer than the leaves. A more specific common name of Trientalis borealis is Northern Starflower.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月27日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1½-3' tall and sparingly branched. The central stem is medium green, terete, and glabrous to slightly hairy, becoming somewhat broader where the bases of leaves wrap around it. On some plants, the central stem has a tendency to zigzag slightly between the alternate leaves. These leaves are up to 12" long, 2" across, and linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate in shape; they are smooth (entire) and sometimes slightly ciliate along their margins. Because of their length, the leaves have a tendency to arch downward from their bases. The upper leaf surface is dark green and glabrous to short-hairy, while the lower leaf surface is medium green and glabrous to short-pubescent (sometimes there are only minute hairs along the undersides of the veins). Leaf venation is parallel. Sometimes secondary stems and leaves develop from the axils of the primary leaves. The central stem terminates in a floppy umbel of flowers on slender pedicels. Sometimes umbels of flowers are produced from the axils of the upper leaves or on short secondary stalks. Each flower is about 1" across when it is fully open, consisting of 3 light violet petals (rarely white), 3 medium green sepals, 6 stamens with yellow anthers, and a pistil with a single style. The petals are oval or broadly ovate, while the smaller sepals are ovate and usually hairy. The filaments of the stamens are pale violet; they are densely covered with spidery hairs. The pedicels of the flowers are about ½" long, medium green or reddish purple, and glabrous to hairy. At the base of each umbel of flowers, there is a leafy bract that is opposite from the alternate leaf; this bract is somewhat smaller in size.
The blooming period occurs during the summer, lasting about 1½ months. The flowers are diurnal, opening up during the morning and closing at about noon (although they may remain open longer on cloudy days). Each flower lasts only a single day. Because only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time, the blooming period is fairly long. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by 3-chambered seed capsules (up to ¼" long); each of these capsules contain several seeds. The seeds are 2-3 mm. long and flattened-ovoid in shape; they have slightly indented centers, from which several fine grooves radiate outward in all directions toward their outer margins. The root system consists of a mass of fleshy fibrous roots, from which clonal offsets are occasionally produced.
Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to medium shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a fertile loamy soil with decaying organic matter. Like other spiderworts (Tradescantia spp.), this plant is little bothered by insect pests and foliar disease. It adapts well to flower gardens in areas where there is some shade. Range & Habitat: The native Zigzag Spiderwort occurs occasionally in the southern half of Illinois, while it is rare or absent in the northern half of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include rich deciduous woodlands, woodland borders, bases of bluffs, bottoms of large ravines, and shaded areas along streams. Sometimes this plant can be found in more disturbed areas, such as shaded areas along railroads, roads, and corners of yards when they are adjacent to woodlands.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by bumblebees primarily. Halictid bees, including green metallic bees, collect pollen from the flowers, while Syrphid flies feed on pollen. Insects that feed destructively on Zigzag Spiderwort include the leaf beetles Paratriarius dorsatus, Oulema collaris, and other Oulema spp.; the stink bugs Acrosternum hilaris, Mormidea lugens, Proxys punctulatus, and Euschistus spp.; and the thrips Frankliniella fusca. The mucilaginous foliage of spiderworts (Tradescantia spp.) is eaten occasionally by the Woodland Box Turtle, Cottontail Rabbit, and White-tailed Deer. Photographic Location: Underneath the shade of a tree in a flower garden at Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: Of the several spiderwort species (Tradescantia spp.) in Illinois, Zigzag Spiderwort has the broadest leaves (up to 2" across) and they are typically dark green. Other spiderworts within the state have leaves ¾" across or less. Zigzag Spiderwort is better adapted to shady woodland areas than these other species. Another woodland species, Commelina virginica (Virginia Dayflower), has similar leaves, but the petals of its flowers are blue, rather than light violet, and its lower petal is noticeably smaller in size than the upper two. In contrast, the petals of Spiderworts are the same size. Like plant species in the Lily (Liliaceae) and Iris (Iridaceae) families, both spiderworts and dayflowers (Commelina spp.) are monocots, rather than dicots.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月27日
Miss Chen
由4,00 0种以上真菌引致的几千种重要经济植物和杂草的病害。锈病分布广且危害性大，多见于禾谷类作物、豆科植物和梨等。不典型的锈菌生活史内缺少一二种类型的孢子，但也有同宗寄主与转主寄主之别，如梨锈病菌无夏孢子，冬孢子发生在桧柏上，性孢子及锈孢子发生在梨上。在有些地区，转主寄主在病害循环中不起作用，如中国东北的阿穆耳小檗展叶期的气候不适宜小麦秆锈病菌冬孢子的萌发，而夏孢子虽在当地不能越冬，都可由东南沿海地区借气流长距离从南向北吹来成为初次侵染源。
锈病是花卉和景观绿化树木较常见的一类病害，分布广、种类多。危害玫瑰、菊花、月季、百合、桧柏等近百种花木。受害植株光合作用减弱，叶片提早发黄脱落，或引起枝干肿瘤、果实畸形，严重损害园林植物的观赏价值。 该病以菌丝体及冬孢子在病芽、病枝、病叶上越冬。夏孢子可反复侵染，借助风雨传播，由气孔侵入寄主植物。该病以6、7月及秋末多雨天气发病较重。四季温暖、多雨、多雾的年份利于发病，偏施氮肥则加重病害发生。 首先要控制菌源，防治转主寄生植物锈病。在景观植物配景时，应把观赏植物与转主寄生植物严格隔离。如杜鹃与云杉、铁杉，紫菀等与二针松、三针松都不能混植。结合修剪清除病枝、病芽、病叶，烧毁或深埋土中。休眠期喷波美3度的石硫合剂，以消灭侵染来源。 通过改良土壤条件，改善排水条件，促进植物生长，提高抗病性。选用健壮无病虫枝条作插条、接穗等无性繁殖材料，控制种植密度，及时排除积水，在用肥上多施磷、钾、镁肥，控制氮肥，防止徒长。定期修剪整枝，去除病虫弱枝，使园内通风透光良好。设施栽培的应加强通风换气，降低棚内湿度。
在清扫园林病枝后及时喷药预防，可喷2至5度石硫合剂或五氯酚钠200至300倍液。防治转主寄生植物上的锈病，应在3月上中旬喷药1至2次，以杀死越冬菌源孢子。 在花木生长季节，当新叶展开后，可选用25％粉锈宁1500至2000倍液，50％代森锰锌500倍液，或25％甲霜铜可湿性粉剂800倍液喷雾，每隔7至10天一次，连续防治2至3次。
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