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Miss Chen
2018年05月24日
Miss Chen
君子兰又名大花君子兰，为石蒜科君子兰属多年生常绿宿根草本花卉。原产南非。大花君子兰叶色浓绿光亮，花大而艳，植株端庄秀丽，足优良的花、叶兼赏盆花，亦可作切花。 大花君子兰花鲜叶翠，果实累累，叶、花、果兼美。叶态优美，高洁端庄；开花时叶绿、花红相映，仪态雍容。尤其是开花时正值新春佳节，深受人们的喜爱，成为布置大厅、会场或装饰居室的佳品。下面给小伙伴们介绍一下危害君子兰最大三种害虫。
第一种：蛞蝓是杂食性软体动物，也称无壳虫蜒蚰虫或鼻涕虫，它专门啃食幼苗和新长出的嫩叶片，形成不规则的缺刻与孔洞，另外对所上箭杆及花杆都有损害。使新叶按它啃食的缺刻部位开始长歪，新上的花箭按它啃食的箭杆部位裂开，直至断下。给君子兰造成极为严重的危害。同时它所排出的粪便，爬行所留下的粘液，污染植株，使病菌侵入，使叶片腐烂易导致软腐病产生。 第二种：蜗牛也是杂食性软体动物，蜗牛有壳，它也喜欢吃植物的幼嫩组织，如嫩叶新芽，根尖花蕊等。造成不规则的伤痕或洞穴，蜗牛最大的危害在于它吃完新发的中心嫩叶后使花芯无生长点，使整株，特别是成龄兰不能开花抽箭，不能再长出新叶，使整株报废。 第三种：介壳虫也是君子兰最常见的害虫之一，特别是吹棉介壳虫对君子兰的危害最大，它呈白粉状，常附着在叶片或果实及杆上，吸食其汁液并分泌粘液，呈黑色使生长受阻，叶绿素破坏，产生微凹的淡黄色斑点，严重的导致落叶全株枯萎。
蛞蝓、蜗牛的防治方法是： 一是掌握其喜欢潮湿昼伏夜出的特点，用人工捕杀，将白菜叶放在出没活动附近，上面撒少许麦麸或玉米粉，天亮前集中捕杀，或在麦麸或玉米粉中抹以砒霜或敌百虫等铒锈杀， 二是石灰阻隔，在其活动的四周撒石灰，其粘上即可死亡。 三是8%灭蜗灵或灭蛭灵或10%的聚乙醛剂每平方米1.5克撒施。采用上述方法即可达到彻底消灭的目的。 吹棉介壳虫的防治方法是： 一是介壳虫量少时可用抹布或毛刷刷除。 二是刚发生疫情可用棉球沾酒精触杀虫体。三是可用乳化乐果按1:800倍比例加水后喷撒到病害部位即可杀死虫体。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月24日
Miss Chen
现今空气污染严重，植物也日渐稀少。所以很多人喜欢在家里养一些盆景，这样既可以美化，也可以净化室内空气。但是一些盆景在比较温暖的室内容易产生小昆虫，也给生活带来了烦恼。西安市朱雀路花卉市场一位专业人士介绍简单方法，可以防止盆景虫害。
记者在西安市朱雀路花卉市场看到，红钻、开花君子兰、蝴蝶兰等好看、喜庆的绿色植物成了人们采购的新宠，很多盆景用红色小灯笼、丝带等装饰后被当作节日礼物送到人们家里，平添了喜庆的气氛。一些盆景更是“韵味十足”：一棵植物，几块石头组成的假山，一汪清水再装饰一个凉亭和垂钓的老翁，俨然构成了一派闲适的生活图景。
将寓意不俗的盆景摆放在书房的窗台或者书桌上，可以映衬主人的不凡个性。为了让盆景在给家庭增添意境的同时不带来蚊虫的烦恼，西安市朱雀路花卉市场李老板建议，将打开的风油精小瓶放在盆景旁边，这样可以达到驱赶蚊虫的目的。如果不愿意接受风油精的味道，可以用葱、姜、辣椒熬成水搅拌在泥土里。这样既不会影响植物生长，也可以达到驱虫的目的。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月24日
Miss Chen
剑麻纤维质地坚韧，耐磨、耐盐碱、耐腐蚀，广泛运用在运输、渔业、石油、冶金等各种行业，具有重要的经济价值。世界剑麻进出口贸易在不断增长，而中国目前自产的剑麻纤维却不能满足国内的需要，并且随着剑麻纤维用途的不断增加，中国每年都在增加剑麻纤维的进口量。同时剑麻还有重要的药用价值。下面为大家介绍一下剑麻的病虫害及其防治方法。 剑麻的病虫害,在我国华南地区计有十几种。六十年代前种植番麻、普通剑麻病虫害较少,随着良种剑麻引入我国,并大面积栽培成功,在高温多雨的季节,相继发生了斑马纹复合病,近几年又在我省粤西地区的主要植麻区发生了剑麻茎腐病,由于两病大面积流行,使剑麻生产受到很大的损失。此外,还有剑麻炭疽病、剑麻黑斑病、剑麻平行条纹病、剑麻生理叶斑病、剑麻带枯病、剑麻褪绿斑驳病、剑麻紫色尖端卷叶病等病害,只是这些病为害不重,故不专题报导。
剑麻斑马纹病在华南植麻区已有多年的发病历史。据调查,在我省雷州半岛部分剑麻农场发病早且普遍,造成的损失也较严重,如我省东方红农场,1973年由于降雨较多,年雨量达2313.8毫米,其中8-9月较集中占1496毫米。是该场剑麻发展史上雨量最多的一年。随着雨量增多,斑马纹病发生流行,在1300亩剑麻田中,发病麻田占51.2%,病株共达32.3万株,占总株数的7%,其中由于茎腐死亡的达7.16万株,死亡率占发病株数33%。在1973年?1986年13年间,该场斑马纹病流行就有8年,病情中等,局部重病或轻病的有2年,对生产威胁很大,严重影响剑麻的高产、稳产。剑麻茎腐病发病迅速,危害具有毁灭性,1987年?1988年两年病株25.3万株。我省东方红、金星、火炬三个农场病区面积达1.8万亩,占总面积13%,造成经济损失260多万元。通过剑麻茎腐病防冶措施的研究,有效地控制了病害流行,发病率由原来的7%降到1991年的0.2%左右。
为了夺取剑麻的高产、稳产,及时研究防冶病虫害,要认真贯彻“预防为主,综合防冶”的方针,才能做好剑麻病虫害的防冶工作。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月24日
Miss Chen
苹果大家都吃过吧，这种水果算是最常见的了，相信很多朋友家也种植果树，现在果树已经开花了，今天要给大家普及的是苹果花前花后都会发生哪些病虫害呢，又该如何防治呢？ 苹果开花前后指从苹果树发芽开始至落花后10天～15天，时间大体上在4月初至5月上旬。此期大部分越冬病虫已开始活动危害，天敌益虫也相继出蛰活动。苹果树腐烂病继续扩展危害；山楂叶螨大量出蛰并上芽取食；苹果小卷叶蛾、梨星毛虫等幼虫也从剪锯口、翘皮下出蛰上芽危害；食花金龟甲在花期危害嫩芽和花蕾；苹果黄蚜、苹果瘤蚜越冬卵也开始陆续孵化，上芽危害。这个时期的综合防治工作，一方面要抓紧对主要的危害对象的防治，另一方面要注意保护天敌，尽量使用对天敌影响不大的选择性农药，或在施药方式上尽量减少对天敌的伤害。为全年的综合防治工作开创一个良好的局面。此期的主要防治对象为苹果树腐烂病、白粉病、山楂叶螨、食花金龟甲、蚜虫等，应视发生情况，进行普遍防治或挑治。
一、做好苹果腐烂病病斑的防治　在早春刮治的基础上，再次进行检查，继续坚持刮治和病斑的消毒防护。在涂药消毒时，对已刮治好的病斑，要进行再次的消毒杀菌，以防病疤的复发。 　　 对主干、主枝、骨干枝患有大病疤的苹果树，可进行桥接，沟通养分，恢复树势，保住结果大枝。 　　 二、防治叶螨与白粉病　在花前山楂叶螨出蛰盛期（4月上、中旬）和苹果全爪螨越冬卵孵化盛期、花后一代若螨盛期（4月底至5月初），当雌成螨平均每叶1头～2头时，立即进行全园防治，喷布螨死净3000倍或尼索朗1500倍，也可使用50％硫悬浮剂2000倍液，可兼治白粉病。 若白粉病发生严重，顶梢芽被害率达5％时，可用15％粉锈宁1500倍～2000倍液或12％腈菌唑3000倍液喷雾，效果都很好。若两种病虫害同时发生，防治叶螨和白粉病的药可混合使用。三、捕杀金龟甲　花期危害的金龟甲主要是苹毛金龟、小青花金龟和黑绒金龟。可利用金龟甲的假死性，在清晨和傍晚振树捕杀，或地面撒施4％敌马粉，药杀落地成虫。也可在果园设置黑光灯群或悬挂诱虫净诱杀黑绒金龟甲。
四、施药治蚜　花期的主要防治对象是绣线菊蚜苹果黄蚜和苹果瘤蚜。可采用以下两种方法防治。①药剂涂干：可在4月中、下旬蚜虫的发生危害初期，用毛刷将配好的具有内吸作用的药剂稀释液直接涂在主干上部或主枝基部，涂成6厘米的药环。如果树粗糙，可先将粗皮刮去，但不要伤及嫩皮，稍露白即可，涂药后用塑料薄膜或废报纸包扎好。药剂可用10％吡虫啉100倍液，效果很好，且不伤害天敌，但药效较慢，涂后3天～5天才显药效，故应在发生初期使用。②树上喷药：大发生时，可在卷叶前或刚开始卷叶时喷选择性药剂0．6％虫螨光3000倍～4000倍液，注意瘤蚜宜在花前用药，花后用药效果不佳。 五、防治天牛类害虫　危害苹果的天牛主要是桑天牛、梨眼天牛、枝天牛等。对于天牛的防治，可采用磷化铝片剂堵洞泥封或80％敌敌畏1500倍液注射的方法。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月23日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is unbranched and up to 2½' tall. The central stem is ascending, rather than stiffly erect. It is green to light green, slightly hairy, and sometimes zigzags between the alternate leaves. These leaves are up to 6" long and 3" across. They are broadly ovate, smooth along the margins, and usually glabrous on the upper surface. Their venation is parallel, while at the base they are mostly sessile against the stem. The central stem terminates in a rather flat panicle of 20-80 white flowers. This panicle is about 4" long and 2" across; its whitish green stalks are softly hairy. Each flower is about 1/6" across, consisting of 6 tepals, 6 stamens, and a central pistil with a short stout style. These floral parts are white, except for the anthers of the stamens, which are cream or pale yellow. The filaments of the stamens are narrowly triangular, while the tepals are oblong-linear. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 3 weeks. Each flower is replaced by a few-seeded berry. Individual berries are about ¼" across and globular; they become bright red, or red and purple-striped at maturity. The root system consists of stout rhizomes with secondary fibrous roots. This plant sometimes forms loose vegetative colonies. Cultivation: The preference is light shade to partial sun, moist to slightly dry conditions, and a fertile loamy soil with abundant organic material (i.e., decaying leaves). Sandy and rocky soil are also tolerated. Range & Habitat: False Solomon's Seal is a common plant that occurs in every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is native. Habitats include mesic to dry deciduous woodlands, rocky wooded slopes, bluffs, and Black Oak foredunes near Lake Michigan.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are pollinated by small bees, flies, and beetles. The bees collect pollen from the flowers, while flies and beetles feed on pollen. The flowers appear to attract more than the usual number of beetles, including Seed Beetles, Long-Horned Beetles, Click Beetles, Blister Beetles, Tumbling Flower Beetles, Flower Scarab Beetles (Trichiotinus spp.), and Pedilid Beetles (Pedilus spp.). The berries are eaten occasionally by woodland birds, including the Ruffed Grouse and Veery; they are also eaten by the White-Footed Mouse. These animals spread the seeds into new areas. The foliage is browsed occasionally by the White-Tailed Deer. Photographic Location: Along the slope of a wooded bluff in Vermilion County, Illinois.
Comments: This interesting plant produces attractive flowers and berries. It has a similar appearance to Smilacina stellata (Starry False Solomon's Seal), but the latter species produces a raceme of flowers, rather than a branching panicle. The flowers of Starry False Solomon's Seal are somewhat larger in size and fewer in number (less than 20 per raceme), and its leaves are more narrow. Another species, Polygonatum commutatum (Solomon's Seal), has very similar foliage, but its leaves slightly clasp the central stem. The flowers of Solomon's Seal have a very different appearance; their corolla is tubular-shaped and greenish white. Furthermore, the flowers of Solomon's Seal hang from the central stem in small umbels of 1-5 flowers; these umbels develop from the base of each leaf. The scientific name of Smilacina racemosa is something of a misnomer as this species produces flowers in panicles, rather than racemes. Another common name for this species is Solomon's Plume, although it appears to be passing out of fashion.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月23日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous plant is ½–2' tall and more or less erect. It branches at the base, where a tuft of basal leaves occurs, and toward the apex of the stems, where the flowers occur. The stems are terete and quite pubescent. The basal leaves and lower cauline leaves are up to 6" long and 1" across. They are medium to dark green, oblanceolate, and smooth along their margins. Each of these leaves tapers gradually to a petiole-like base. The upper cauline leaves are lanceolate or oblong, sessile, and smaller in size, otherwise they are similar to the lower leaves. The cauline leaves occur in opposite pairs along the stems; there are usually 2-4 pairs of cauline leaves per stem (rarely more). Young leaves are often finely pubescent, but they become nearly hairless with age. Each of the upper stems terminates in a cyme of 3-10 flowers; both the branches and pedicels of each cyme are terete and quite pubescent. The flowers are loosely arranged in each cyme, which is often wider than it is tall. Each flower is about ¾–1" long and 1–1½" across, consisting of 5 spreading red petals, a tubular green calyx, 10 stamens, and 3 styles. The petals are rather narrow and notched at their tips; at the base of each petal, there is a pair of small red teeth. The tubular calyx has several ridges along its length and several small teeth along its outer rim. The outer surface of this calyx is densely covered with a glandular pubescence that has a sticky texture. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer and lasts about 1½ months. Each flower is replaced by a seed capsule with 6 small teeth along its upper rim. It is broader toward the top than the bottom, and contains several seeds. Each seed is somewhat flattened and orbicular-reniform in shape; its surface is warty or pebbly. The root system consists of a taproot with secondary roots. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun, mesic to dry conditions, and a rather poor soil containing too much sand, clay, or rocky material. Fire Pink can be short-lived as a perennial, but it occasionally reseeds itself.
Range & Habitat: The native Fire Pink is an uncommon plant that occurs in scattered areas of NE, central, and southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). Occasionally, small colonies of this species are discovered in new areas, although its population within the state isn't expanding. Habitats include openings in upland woodlands, rocky wooded slopes, thinly wooded bluffs, limestone and sandstone cliffs, and clay banks along trails in wooded areas. Fire Pink often occurs along slopes and barren areas where there is scant ground vegetation. Populations of this species will decline if the overhead canopy of trees becomes too dense; some disturbance from fire and other causes is probably beneficial. Faunal Associations: Little information is available about floral-faunal relationships. The flowers are probably cross-pollinated by the Ruby-throated Hummingbird and various large butterflies, which seek nectar from the flowers. The sticky hairs on the surface of the calyx discourage ants from climbing up the flower to steal nectar.
Photographic Location: The upper slope of a wooded bluff in Vermilion County, Illinois, and a clay embankment along a trail in a wooded area of the same county. Comments: Fire Pink produces spectacular red flowers. For some reason, it is not often seen in flower gardens, where introduced Pink species are typically grown. Another native species that occurs in Illinois, Silene regia (Royal Catchfly), has a somewhat similar appearance with striking red flowers, but it has 8 or more pairs of leaves along its stems and the tips of its petals are not notched. An introduced species with red flowers, Lychnis chalcedonica (Maltese Cross), is occasionally grown in flower gardens, from which it rarely escapes. Its flowers have petals that are even more deeply notched than those of Fire Pink. Maltese Cross produces its flowers in a dense globoid cluster at the apex of its central stem, and its ovate-lanceolate leaves are much broader at the base than those of Fire Pink.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月23日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1–2½' tall and usually erect. It is unbranched or branched sparingly. The terete central stem and any lateral stems are mostly pale green to pale reddish green, hairless to densely pubescent, and somewhat swollen at the bases of leaves, where it is sometimes reddish purple. The lowermost and uppermost leaves are usually opposite, while the middle leaves occur in whorls of 4. They are up to 4" long and 1½" across, elliptic or lanceolate in shape, smooth along the margins, and sessile. The upper surface of each leaf is yellowish green, greyish green, or medium green, and hairless, while the lower leaf surface is more pale and hairless to finely pubescent. The central stem terminates in a panicle of flowers up to 8" long and about 3-4" across. On robust plants, 1-2 additional panicles may be produced from upper lateral stems. Pairs of small leafy bracts occur wherever a panicle branches. The erect central stalk, ascending branches, and clustered pedicels of the panicle are pale to medium green, terete, and hairless to finely pubescent. The flowers occur individually or in groups of 2-3 at the tips of long lateral branches on short pedicels. These pedicels are less than ¼" long. Each flower is about ¾" across, consisting of 5 white fringed petals, a light green calyx that is bell-shaped (campanulate) with 5 broad teeth along its upper rim, a pistil with 3 slender white styles, and 10 stamens with slender white filaments. Each fringed petal has 8-12 linear lobes along its broad outer edge, while at the base it becomes quite narrow. The outer surface of each calyx is light green and hairless to finely pubescent; it often has faint longitudinal veins that are a darker shade of green. The blooming period occurs during mid- to late summer, lasting about 3-4 weeks. There is no noticeable floral scent. The flowers remain open during the evening, night, and early morning. In the presence of bright sunlight, they have a tendency to close-up during the middle of the day. Each flower is replaced by an ovoid seed capsule with 6 teeth along its upper rim; each capsule contains several seeds. The flattened seeds are reniform or reniform-orbicular with a fine pebbly surface. The root system consists of a deep white taproot. An older plant may tiller from its base, sending up multiple stems from the same taproot. Starry Campion reproduces by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is light shade or partial sun, mesic to dry conditions, and soil containing loam, clay-loam, or a little rocky material. When exposed to full sunlight, the leaves become yellowish green and they are less attractive. Sometimes the stems lean sideways when this plant is grown in the fertile soil of flower gardens. Range & Habitat: The native Starry Campion is widely distributed in Illinois, where it occurs occasionally in most counties (see Distribution Map). There are two varieties of Starry Campion that can be found throughout the state, Silene stellata stellata and Silene stellata scabrella. The typical variety of this species is hairless (or nearly so), while var. scabrella is quite pubescent, as indicated above. Habitats include upland rocky woodlands, wooded slopes, savannas, shaded banks of rivers, meadows near wooded areas, and cemetery prairies. This conservative species is usually found in higher quality natural areas. Fire and other kinds of disturbance are beneficial if they reduce dense shade from Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) and invasive shrubs.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are pollinated primarily by moths and, to a lesser extent, by bumblebees. These insects suck nectar from the flowers. The caterpillars of a rare Noctuid moth, Hadena ectypa (Campion Coronet), feed primarily on the flowers and developing seed capsules of Starry Campion. This moth also sucks nectar from the flowers of this plant (Nelson, 2012). The caterpillars of a closely related moth, Hadena capsularis (Capsule Moth), feed on the flowers and developing seed capules of several species in the Pink family, including Silene spp. The caterpillars of this latter moth may also feed on Starry Campion. Another insect, Aphis sambuci (Elder Aphid), uses Silene spp. as summer hosts and feeds on the sap of their roots. Among vertebrate animals, White-tailed Deer occasionally chomp off the tops of Starry Campion (personal observation), even though its foliage, like other Silene spp., probably contains some saponins and alkaloids that are known to be at least mildly toxic.
Photographic Location: The wildflower garden at the apartment complex of the webmaster in Urbana, Illinois. The plants in the photographs are the pubescent variety of Starry Campion, or Silene stellata scabrella. Comments: The flowers of Starry Campion are quite beautiful. It should be grown more often in flower gardens. This species is easy to identity because of its deeply fringed petals and whorled leaves. Other white-flowered Silene spp. (campions) lack deeply fringed petals and their leaves always occur in opposite pairs. While the flowers of Starry Campion are perfect (bisexual), the flowers of some campions are dioecious (individual plants have either all male flowers or all female flowers, but not both). An example of a dioecious species in this genus is the introduced Silene pratensis (Evening Campion).
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Miss Chen
2018年05月23日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is up to 8" tall and unbranched, except at the base. Both fertile and infertile shoots occur; they form low mats of vegetation across the ground, although fertile shoots with flowers are taller. The succulent stems are terete, light green or pink, and glabrous or finely short-pubescent. The lower leaves of fertile shoots and all leaves of infertile shoots are up to ¾" long and ½" across. These leaves are light green, obovate to nearly orbicular in shape, smooth along their margins, and glabrous; they are whorled in groups of 3 along the stems. The upper leaves of fertile shoots are up to ½" long and ¼" across. These latter leaves are light green, rhombic-elliptic in shape, smooth along their margins, and glabrous; they are either alternate or whorled in groups of 3 along the stems. Both types of leaves are fleshy. The stems of fertile shoots terminate in cymes of flowers. Each flat-topped cyme has about 3 (less often 4) widely spreading branches of flowers; these branches are white to light green, terete, and finely short-pubescent. There are usually 10-25 flowers per cyme; these flowers are sessile, or nearly so. At the base of each flower, there is a leafy bract that resembles the upper leaves of fertile shoots, except it is smaller in size. Each flower is about ½" across or a little more, consisting of 4 narrow white petals, 4 light green sepals, 8 stamens, and 4 erect to ascending white pistils (or carpels) in the center. The anthers of the stamens have a silvery appearance while they are immature, but they later become red or purple. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer, lasting about 1 month for a colony of plants. The flowers are slightly fragrant. Afterwards, each flower is replaced by 4 divergent follicles containing the seeds. These follicles are narrowly lanceoloid in shape and 4-5 mm. (a little less than ¼") in length. About 6-12 tiny seeds (individually about 1.0 mm. long & 0.5 mm. across) are contained in each follicle. At maturity, each follicle splits open along one side, releasing the seeds; they are small enough to be carried aloft by the wind. The root system is fibrous. When the sprawling stems establish contact with moist ground, they can form the rootlets of clonal plants at their nodes. Thus, reproduction is by seed or clonal offsets.
Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to light shade, moist to dry-mesic conditions, and a loamy or rocky soil with decaying leaf mould. The foliage is little-bothered by insects and disease. There should be some protection from prevailing winds and hot afternoon sun. This plant is somewhat resistant to drought because of its fleshy leaves and stems, which store water; this drought resistance is enhanced by its Crassula Acid Metabolism (CAM). Range & Habitat: The native Wild Stonecrop occurs occasionally in widely scattered sites in southern, central, and NE Illinois; it is absent from the NW area of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include wooded ravines, partially shaded banks along rivers and streams, lightly shaded cliffs, and rocky wooded slopes. This plant is usually found on slopes where there is little ground vegetation. It is normally found in or near woodlands.
Faunal Associations: The flower nectar and pollen of stonecrops (Sedum spp.) attract various kinds of bees, including Andrena forbesii (Krombein et al., 1979). Less often, wasps and flies visit flowers of these plants. Insects that feed on the foliage of Wild Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum) include the Sedum Aphid (Aphis sedi) and the aphid Aphis acrita. The Eastern Chipmunk eats the roots of this plant (Wrazen & Svendsen, 1978). Photographic Location: A partially shaded riverbank in Vermilion County, Illinois, and a rocky wooded slope at the Portland Arch Nature Preserve in west-central Indiana.
Comments: Both the flowers and the foliage are quite attractive; this native species should be grown in flower gardens more often. Wild Stonecrop is the only Sedum sp. that is native to central and northern Illinois; other Sedum spp. that have naturalized in this portion of the state have been introduced from abroad for horticultural purposes. In southern Illinois, there are 2 additional native Sedum spp. that are uncommon. Wild Stonecrop is fairly easy to distinguish from other Sedum spp., whether native or introduced, because it has nearly orbicular leaves in whorls of 3 and flowers with 4 white petals. Other Sedum spp. usually have more narrow leaves that are opposite or alternate, and their flowers often have 5 petals that are white, yellow, or pink. Another common name for Sedum ternatum is Three-leaved Stonecrop.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月23日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is ¾-3' tall and usually unbranched, except near the apex where the inflorescence occurs. Erect leafy stems may be produced individually or in small clusters. The central stem is is whitish green, 4-angled, and covered with either glandular or non-glandular hairs (or both). Pairs of opposite leaves occur along each stem. The leaf blades are 1-4" long and ¾-3" across; they are cordate in shape with coarse dentate-crenate margins. The upper blade surface is medium to dark green and either sparsely covered with short hairs or glabrous. The lower surface is slightly more pale and varies from densely hairy to sparsely hairy (rarely glabrous). The slender petioles are ½-2" long and hairy. The central stem terminates in a raceme of flowers about 3-12" long. In addition, any upper lateral stems may produce smaller racemes of flowers. The racemes are narrow and usually only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time. Individual flowers are ½-1" long. Each flower consists of a blue-violet or purple corolla with 2 lips, a short tubular calyx with 2 lips, 4 inserted stamens, and a pistil with an inserted style. The corolla is much longer than the calyx. The corolla is narrow and tubular at its base, but becomes more wide and swollen towards its lips. The upper lip of the corolla consists of a protective hood, while the lower lip is larger, more rounded, and somewhat lobed. There is usually a large patch of white along the inside of the lower lip that is speckled blue-violet or purple. The calyx is about 1/8" (3 mm.) long, whitish green, and covered with glandular hairs. A protuberance occurs along the upper side of each calyx. The pedicels of theDistribution Map flowers are very short (about 1/8" or 3 mm. in length). Underneath the flowers, there are leafy bracts of variable length: on some plants, they extend as far as the tips of the calyces, but no further, while on other plants they extend beyond the tips of the calyces. These bracts are ovate in shape. The blooming period typically occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1 month. However, if a stem is damaged, this may delay flowering until later in the year. Afterward, the flowers are replaced by small dark nutlets. The root system is fibrous and either rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight to medium shade, mesic conditions, and soil that contains loam, some calcareous sand, or rocky material (typically limestone). This wildflower is a good choice for shade gardens. Range & Habitat: The native Heart-Leaved Skullcap is occasional throughout Illinois. Habitats include upland woodlands that are often rocky, bottomland woodlands, bluffs, woodland openings, shaded areas along cliffs, edges of limestone glades, and thickets. This wildflower is usually found in higher quality woodlands where the original ground flora is still intact. Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by long-tongued bees, particularly bumblebees and Anthophorine bees (Anthophora spp.), which suck nectar and collect pollen. Short-tongued bees and Syrphid flies may also visit the flowers, but they are too small to be effective pollinators. Swallowtail butterflies and other butterflies occasionally visit the flowers, but they are also less effective at cross-pollination according to Robertson (1929). A few species of insects feed on the leaves of Heart-Leaved Skullcap and other skullcaps (Scutellaria spp.). These species include the skeletonizing leaf beetle Phyllobrotica limbata, Asphaera lustrans (Shiny Flea Beetle), larvae of Prochoreutis inflatella (Skullcap Skeletonizer Moth), and larvae of the moth Caloptilia scutellariella. The larvae of this last species are both blotch leaf-miners and leaf-folders. Because of its bitter taste and possible toxicity, mammalian herbivores rarely feed on the foliage. Photographic Location: A floodplain woodland in Lake County, Illinois. The photographed plants are either Scutellaria ovata ovata or Scutellaria ovata bracteata. The photographs (Copyright © 2011) were taken by Paul Showers.
Comments: Unlike many other Scutellaria spp., this skullcap has mostly heart-shaped leaves with indented bases; sometimes the uppermost leaves have bases that are rounded, rather than indented. Across its range, Heart-Leaved Skullcap is highly variable and several subspecies have been recognized. In Illinois, three of these subspecies can be found: Scutellaria ovata ovata, Scutellaria ovata bracteata, and Scutellaria ovata rugosa. The first two subspecies occur throughout Illinois and they are distinguished by the size of the leafy bracts on their racemes: Scutellaria ovata ovata has leafy bracts that extend no farther than the calyces of the flowers, while Scutellaria ovata bracteata has leafy bracts that extend beyond the calyces of the flowers. The third subspecies, Scutellaria ovata rugosa, is only found in southern Illinois. It can be distinguished from the preceding subspecies by its small size (less than 1' tall) and small leaves (less than 1½" long).
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Miss Chen
2018年05月23日
Miss Chen
春末夏初，这段时期我国长江中下游地方连续下雨，空气潮湿，衣物等容易发霉。也叫黄梅天。而最近有很多友友都在询问：花草得了“黄梅病”怎么办？ 其实花草的“黄梅病”来源就是淋雨太多，排水不及时或是排水性差所导致的。
趁着现在充足的雨水，让花草喝个够，天然雨水浇花不是很好吗？邬志星表示，这恰恰是很多人认识上的一个误区。实际上种花草不是靠淋雨才能长好的，尤其是现在花卉生长旺盛时期，一般下雷雨较大的话，花卉在室外的时间不能超过一天，否则盆中将灌满积水，使花卉根系在水中浸泡时间久了会呼吸不顺畅，导致窒息而死。加上强光照射，积水升温，破坏植物根系，导致叶子发黄，花朵枯萎。
如何让花草安全度过黄梅天和接下来的高温期？邬志星告诉记者，首先是不能多淋雨，要及时排掉花盆中的积水，把花卉移到阴凉处晾干后，再逐步浇水。如果叶子十分干燥，可用喷雾向叶面喷水，保持湿润；气温超过33摄氏度时，盆花需要遮阴或移到阳光不直晒处较为安全；高温时，需少施肥，一般气温超过35摄氏度，就应停止施肥，因为植物进入了停止生长的“休息期”；还可通过加强修剪，去掉太密的叶子，使空气流通，可减少病菌的传播。
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