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Miss Chen
2018年05月17日
Miss Chen
我爱花，所以也爱养花。我可还没成为养花专家，因为没有工夫去作研究与试验。我只把养花当作生活中的一种乐趣，花开得大小好坏都不计较，只要开花，我就高兴。在我的小院中，到夏天，满是花草，小猫儿们只好上房去玩耍，地上没有它们的运动场。 花虽多，但无奇花异草。珍贵的花草不易养活，看着一棵好花生病欲死是件难过的事。我不愿时时落泪。北京的气候，对养花来说，不算很好。冬天冷，春天多风，夏天不是干旱就是大雨倾盆；秋天最好，可是忽然会闹霜冻。在这种气候里，想把南方的好花养活，我还没有那么大的本事。因此，我只养些好种易活、自己会奋斗的花草。
我喜欢养花，并非为了追逐时尚，而是与生俱来的。养花重在爱花，爱花贵在用心。 花是什么？花是一种氛围、一种心情，更是一种情趣。雪白的茉莉如珠似雪，花香令人忘忧；栀子花如同碎金，暗香浮动的时候，甜蜜又温馨；“傲骨梅无仰面花”，此言真的不虚，腊梅花一朵朵如同金色的玉雕成的，玲珑、剔透，又有玉的质感，其香透彻肺腑，直沁入骨；水仙花开的时候，正是寒残的新春。花同人一样在季节里轮回，季节也在花上留痕。 喜欢养花，并非为了追逐时尚，而是与生俱来的。最早喜欢的是文竹，栽在一个别致的花盆里，摆到桌子一角，读书之余两眼享受着它的飘逸感，别有一番滋味。曾经读过“庭栽栖凤竹，池养化龙鱼”的句子，可借以喻为真实写照。现时下，东南西北花木荟萃，姹紫嫣红姿色万千。花木作为一种观赏性、装点性极强的物种，倍受世人推崇，也已走入千家万户。
喜欢养花的人也大多情趣相近，他们大都温和、恬静、淡泊、愉悦，他们给花以尽心的照拂，花也同样滋润着他们的身心，在每一个平淡的季节里，带给他们的都是不平淡的温馨与喜悦，以别人无法听懂的语言，让他们独自去倾听心灵的声音。孤独到极点，却又喧闹到了极致，最终成了一种平静的愉悦，独自在心灵里无言可以诉说，如同云卷云舒，恰似花开花落。清代的曾国藩曾经说过这的一句话：花草和主人的气数一致，花草繁茂旺盛，必主兴旺之家。这句话听起来固然似乎有些唯心，但是细想起来却有不尽谬然。设想一下：一个人，每天见到自己养的花草葳蕤生长的那种心情，又怎么能够和一睁开眼就看到花草零落萎败的心情同日而语呢？！花草树木同主人的气数即使没有多大的关联，但对人影响，也应该是有的，该是对人的情绪起着一种潜移默化的作用吧？所以，把花养好，是每一个爱养花的人的最大的心愿，在这种心愿之下，他会向别人虚心请教，自己再细心摸索，辛辛勤勤、尽心尽力、耐心细致，先花之寒而寒，后花之暖而暖，付出的是体力上的辛苦，收获的却是心灵上的愉悦与满足。 养花重在爱花，爱花贵在用心。有的人养花用于装点，却全然不识花之习性、不谙养花之道，或过度浇水，或疏于呵护，或不懂欣赏，殊不知这花乃灵性之物，与“美人妩媚但乏欣赏者”同。有的人养花为了涵养心境，一摆一弄，都是在与花私语，两心沟通。如是，这花也就愈加成了养花人的心境了。
话说到此，不免牵强之嫌。但总认为，养花是个过程，重在养、贵在赏，而花的枯荣如同人的心绪变幻，总是需要呵护、调理的。个中道理，宛若书籍不是用来摆显的，而是用来读的。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月17日
Miss Chen
中国民间传说农历二月十二日是百花生日。清代蔡云有诗云：“百花生日是良辰，未到花朝一半春；红紫万千披锦绣，尚劳点缀贺花神。”讲的正是百花盛开为花神祝寿的景象。 历代文人墨客玩味和吟咏百花，弄出许多趣闻轶事来，从而造就出12个月的花神来。正所谓“日日有花开，月月有花神”了。
正月 梅花花神一说是北宋诗人林逋，他隐居于西湖孤山，终生不仕。一说是明代戏曲牡丹亭中柳梦梅，在梦中，他在梅花树下遇见为情而死的杜丽娘，其后杜丽娘还魂与柳梦相结合，成就一段曲折姻缘。
二月 杏花花神一说是键人氏，他教人取枣杏之火煮食。一说为杨玉环，安禄山之乱平息后，玄宗欲移葬贵妃，但见马鬼坡下一林杏花，故后人以杨玉环为杏花花神。
三月 桃花花神一说是北宋杨家将之一的杨延昭，他守边二十年，屡破契丹军。可能是他抵紧外寇就像桃木之能驱逐凶祸一样，故获封为桃花花神。一说为唐朝诗人崔革，因为他曾写下“人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风”的名句。
四月 牡丹花神据说为曾写下多首牡丹诗的唐代诗仙李白。
五月 石榴花神一说为从西域取回石榴的张春。一说为钟馗，因石榴花开时正籍端午，每家多贴钟馗以辟邪，于是石榴花和钟馗拉上关系。
六月 荷花花神据说为西施曾在苏州锦帆径留下采莲的故迹。
七月 玉簪花神据说是汉武帝宠幸的李夫人，因为她平时常插一朵玉簪花于鬓旁。
八月 桂花花神一说是五代的窦禹钧。他教子有方，五个儿子皆为达官显臣，放他们父子被誉为“灵椿一株老，丹桂五枝芳”。另一说为西晋荆州史石崇的爱妻绿珠，她善吹笛而貌美。赵正司马伦的同党孙秀曾想夺绿珠为妻，致石崇为赵王所杀，绿珠堕楼殉情。人们以桂花之散落喻绿珠，并封她为桂花花神。
九月 菊花花神据说为陶渊明。这位东晋田园诗人以菊花为友，曾写下很多咏菊的诗句。以这位高节的隐士作为花之隐逸者的代表，最是恰当不过。
十月 兰花花神据说为战国时楚国大诗人屈原，他在离骚中曾以兰蕙自喻。他深爱国家，但见朝政腐败而自己的政治理想又无法实现而投泪罗江自尽。
十一月 水仙花花神据说指洛神。由于水仙花生于水边，其姿态飘逸清雅，有若凌波仙子，所以人们以洛神为水仙花花神。
十二月 腊梅花神据说是宋代的苏东坡及黄庭坚。因为人们倡议将改称腊梅为黄梅。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月17日
Miss Chen
中国古代四大美女，即西施、王昭君、貂蝉、杨玉环 。四大美女享有“沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌”的美誉。下面要说的是这四大美人相对应的名花分别是什么。 西施
西施，名夷光，春秋时期越国人。她天生丽质，粉面桃花。相传有次，西施在河边浣沙，清澈透明的河水映照着她美丽的身影，水中的游鱼竟忘记了游水，慢慢地沉入水底，因此，西施便得了个“沉鱼”的雅号。 六月荷花花神相传就是绝代美女西施，据说西施曾在苏州锦帆泾留下采莲的故迹。也有人说，西施帮助越国打败吴国后，越王把西施接回越国，但王后十分嫉妒西施的美貌，把西施抓到江边绑上巨石沉入江底。老百姓都不相信西施会死，传说她做了荷花神，住在一个小岛上，每年采莲节，就能在湖边采莲的女孩当中看到她。 由于西施拥有绝代美貌、盖世风华，所以后世常常用西施作为美丽的代名词。白居易曾赞叹杜鹃花日：“闲折二枝持在手，细看不似人间有。花中此物是西施，芙蓉芍药皆嫫母。”因此，杜鹃花赢得了花中西施的美誉。 杜鹃花有一种名为“西施花”的品种，花最大径约6厘米，花冠白色至淡红色，有花中花的俏丽，因此被称为“西施花”，有时也称为“西施杜鹃”。 王昭君
汉代的王昭君是个才貌双全的美人。汉元帝为了安抚北匈奴，选她与单于缔结姻缘。在远离故国的途中，王昭君看到远飞的大雁，勾起了无尽的乡思，触景生情地拨动琴弦，奏起悲壮的离别之曲。这群飞雁听到琴声竟忘了抖动翅膀而跌落在地上，王昭君便因此而得了“落雁”的美名。 十一月的代表花是山茶花，关于山茶花的花神说法众多。有人说是杨贵妃，有人说是白居易，也有人说是明朝的汤显祖、晋朝的大富翁石崇，还有人说是王昭君。山茶耐寒，在天寒地冻之时，还能吐露芬芳。据说，王昭君远嫁匈奴时除了琵琶外，她还带了枝红色的茶花：以琵琶叙述哀怨的心曲，以山茶的不畏霜雪来表明自己坚贞的节操。因此，后世把王昭君敬为山茶花花神。 貂蝉
貂蝉，古籍上虽没有记载，但文学作品中多有描述，是汉未三国纷争中重要人物之一。据考证，貂蝉，姓任，小字红昌，15岁被选人宫中，执掌朝臣戴的貂蝉冠(汉代侍从官员的帽饰)，从此更名为貂蝉。后来貂蝉被司徒王允收为义女。汉末宫廷风云骤起，王允利用董卓、吕布爱好美色，让貌美聪明的貂蝉施用“连环计”，终于促使吕布杀了董卓，立下功勋。 貂蝉貌似明月，倾国倾城。据说，早在貂蝉出生前三年，村里的桃树、杏树就不开花了，至今桃树、杏树依然难以成活。关于貂蝉的美貌还有一个貌可闭月的传说。一天晚上，貂蝉在花园拜月时，忽然轻风吹来，一片浮云将那皎洁的明月遮住。这一情景正好被王允瞧见。王允为宣扬他的女儿长得如何漂亮，逢人就说，我的女儿和月亮比美，月亮也被她的绝色容颜所折服，躲到了云彩的后面不敢与她争辉。因此，貂蝉享有“闭月”的美誉。 杨玉环
“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色”的唐代美女杨玉环和花卉有着不解之缘。相传，一天，杨玉环到花园赏花散心，她的玉指碰到花儿，哪知花瓣立即收缩，绿叶卷起低下。原来，杨贵妃碰到的是含羞草。这一情景被一宫娥看见。宫娥对他人说，杨贵妃和花比美，花儿都含羞低下了头。唐明皇因此赞叹她有“羞花”之貌，称她为绝代佳人。 据说，二月杏花花神就是杨玉环。杨贵妃虽然身系唐玄宗的三千宠爱于一身，但是马嵬坡兵变让唐玄宗不得不赐死杨贵妃。平乱之后，唐玄宗派人取回尸骨移葬时，只见马嵬坡一片雪白的杏花迎风而舞，后人因此把杨贵妃尊为二月杏花花神。 清人俞樾则认为杨玉环是十一月山茶花花神。据说她偏爱桃红茶花，而且山茶花古代就有“杨妃茶”“醉杨妃”的名称。因此，俞樾把杨贵妃尊为山茶花花神。把美女比作名花，名花比作美女，名花美女互相映衬，这是我国诗歌的一大传统。 李白的《清平调》三首就把牡丹和杨贵妃交互在一起写，花即人，人即花，人面花光浑然一体。“云想衣裳花想容，春风拂槛露华浓”、“名花倾国两相欢，长得君王带笑看”等都是流传至今的佳句。元代诗人元好问看到盛开的紫霞仙(牡丹花的一种)时，欣然命笔赞美：“天上真妃玉镜台，醉中遗下紫霞怀。已从香国编熏染，更十自花神巧剪裁。”该诗把“紫霞仙”比作醉酒的杨贵妃，从天宫重返大地。人们常以“拜倒在石榴裙下”来形容男子抵抗不住美色的诱惑，这一俗语的来历也和杨贵妃有关。
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文章
Miss Chen
2018年05月17日
Miss Chen
对于花，我国人民一直都对花有着特别的情怀，因为花的美丽可以给我们带来另一番景象，而且还有不少花除了具有美丽的姿容外，还含有着一些特殊的寓意。那大家知道中国十大名花分别是什么花吗？下面随小编一起来看看吧。 梅花——岁寒三友之一
又名春梅、红梅。属蔷薇科落叶小乔木，少有灌木。花初冬或早春先于叶开放。梅花为我国国花，它不仅有艳丽的色彩、浓郁的芳香、婀娜多姿的风韵，更具有高洁坚贞、傲霜凌雪的高贵品格，因而被誉为中华民族的象征，向来为中国人民所崇敬。它与松、竹并称为“岁寒三友”。 牡丹——花中之王
别名木芍药、洛阳花、谷雨花、鹿韭等。属毛茛科多年生落叶灌木，与芍药同科。花色有红、粉、黄、白、绿、紫等，花期5月上中旬。我国以牡丹为花王，芍药为花相。它雍容华贵，艳冠群芳，被誉为“花中之王”、“国色天香”。我国人民热爱牡丹，把它比喻为吉祥、幸福、繁荣昌盛的象征。 菊花——花中君子
别名黄华、女华、金蕊等。属菊科多年生宿根草本，顶生头状花序，四周的舌状花形大而美丽，中部为黄色筒状花，但花冠的颜色变化极大，除蓝色外，呈黄、白、红、橙、紫及各色混杂；花型变化也很大。花期夏秋至寒冬，但以10月为主。菊花原产于我国，栽培历史悠久，早在3000多年前就有“季秋之月，鞠有黄华”的记载，古人还有重阳赏菊的风习。菊花不仅千姿百态，清香四溢，而且傲霜挺立，凌寒盛开，因此被誉为“花中君子”。菊花与梅、兰、竹并称为“四君子”。 月季——花中皇后
蔷薇科落叶小灌木。月季于17～18世纪传入欧洲，经过与其他蔷薇属植物反复杂交，产生了风靡世界的现代月季，花色丰富，品种达万种以上，享有“花中皇后”的盛誉。枝干特征因品种而不同，有高不及30厘米的矮生型或匍匐型，还有枝条呈藤状依附他物向上生长的攀缘型。花单生或丛生于枝顶，花型及瓣数因品种而有很大差异，色彩丰富，有些品种具淡香或浓香。依花色分有：白、绿、黄、粉、红、紫等色，以及复色或具条纹及斑点者。 兰花——天下第一香
属兰科多年生草本。高20-40厘米，根长筒状。叶自茎部簇生，线状披针形，稍具革质。总状花序，花素雅芳香。中国兰在我国的栽培历史已有1000多年，极具观赏价值，其叶铁线长青，其花幽香清远，发乎自然，被人们称为“天下第一香”、“国香”。兰花高雅、圣洁，代表中华民族的气质与文化，从古至今一直被广大人民所珍惜、崇尚。而且素以“兰章”来比喻诗文之美，以“兰交”来形容友谊之真。 杜鹃——花中西施
杜鹃是当今世界上最著名的花卉之一。是杜鹃花科的一种木本植物，种类繁多，形态各异。在全世界800多种杜鹃花中，中国占有600多种。至今贵州省境内还保留着高山杜鹃的原始林，树身高大，颇为壮观。人们栽培观赏的多为灌木状的杜鹃，目前栽培品种极为丰富。杜鹃花十分美丽，当冬春季开放时，色彩缤纷，灿烂似锦，被人们誉为“花中西施”。 山茶花——花中珍品
别名玉茗花、耐冬、曼陀罗树等。属山茶科，常绿灌木或小乔木，高达3-4米。其树姿优美，树叶繁茂，花团锦簇，且开在百花凋零之时，更显得娇艳异常，高雅别致。山茶花为我国著名观赏花卉，已有1000多年的栽培历史，品种极多。山茶花不仅有很高的观赏价值，而且对二氧化硫、硫化氢、氯气、氟化氢等均有明显的抗性，因此能起到保护环境、净化空气的作用。此外，其木材细致可作雕刻；花供药用，有收敛止血之功效；种子可榨油。 桂花——金秋娇子
又名岩桂、木樨，是我国特产的珍贵芳香花卉。南方适地栽培，树高达10米以上；北方多用盆栽，栽培长久，其高也可达2米。花腋生，呈聚伞花序，花形小而有浓香，花色因品种而异。桂花秋季开花，花开时节，大街小巷，香气袭人，为秋光倍增异彩，被人们推崇为“金秋娇子”。除供观赏外，桂花可作桂花糖、桂花酒等，既可食用，又可入药，还可提炼香精。 荷花——花中仙子
又名莲花、水华、水芙蓉、玉环等，为睡莲科多年生水生草本花卉。地下茎长而肥厚，有长节，叶盾圆形。花期6～9月，单生于花梗顶端，花瓣多数，嵌生在花托穴内，有红、粉红、白、紫等色，或有彩纹、镶边。坚果椭圆形，种子卵形。荷花种类很多，分观赏和食用两大类。荷花花大叶丽，清香远溢，出污泥而不染，深为人们所喜爱，是园林中非常重要的水面绿化植物。荷花全身皆宝，藕和莲子能食用；莲子、根茎、藕节、荷叶、花及种子的胚芽等都可人药，可治多种疾病。 水仙——凌波仙子
别名天葱、雅蒜、金盏银台、玉玲珑，属石蒜科多年生鳞茎花卉。原产于我国浙江、福建两省。福建漳州的水仙，闻名中外，每年都为国家出口创汇。水仙花以翡翠般的绿叶，洁白无瑕的花被，金黄色的花心，馥郁的芳香，清新高洁，淡雅幽香，给人以美的享受。水仙花花期正值春节期间，给人们带来生气和春意。 十大名花，不仅因为它们的花美、花香，而且它们都有自己独特的优点、长处，所以才能从万花中选出它们，成为人们公认的名花。千万种花中，就有那么一些花，能博得大多数人的“垂青”。画家为它作画，诗人用美丽的词藻歌颂它、赞美它。在我国评选活动中，能获得“桂冠”的这十种花，在人们心目中确实占有较高地位。这也许不仅因为它们的色彩、姿态能在众花中取胜，而且由于它们的性格以及某些历史原因，使人们更加偏爱。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月16日
Miss Chen
Description: Depending on its stage of development, this herbaceous perennial plant is about 3-12" tall. It produces only basal leaves that are about 3-5" wide and across. Each of these basal leaves is wrapped around the stalk of a single flower (sometimes two stalks are produced) as the flower begins to bloom. The basal leaves continue to unfold to their fullest extent as the flowers wither away. Each basal leaf is oval-orbicular in outline and palmate-reticulately veined, with 5-9 major lobes and several minor lobes along the undulating margins. The palmate-reticulate venation is fairly prominent and provides the rather succulent leaves with a wrinkly appearance, especially on their lower surfaces. The color of the leaves on the upper surface is light green, sometimes with greyish or bluish tints, while the lower surface is whitish green. The terete petioles are about 4" long and rather stout. The foliage of this plant is glabrous and glaucous. The flowering stalk is terete, stout, glabrous, and sometimes slightly reddish, terminating in a single large flower. This stalk is about 3-4" tall when the flower begins to bloom. The flower is about 1½–3" across, consisting of 8-16 white petals, a green oval pistil, and numerous stamens with prominent yellow anthers. The pistil has a pale yellow stigma at its apex. There are 2 light green sepals that are nearly as long as the petals, but they fall off the flowering stalk as soon as the flower begins to bloom. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-spring, lasting about 2 weeks. Each flower remains in bloom for only 1 or 2 days (when it is sunny), producing a fragrant scent. Afterwards, each flower is replaced by a seed capsule that becomes enlarged and eventually turns yellow, splitting open to release its seeds. The root system consists of thick reddish rhizomes with coarse fibrous roots. Both the foliage and the rhizomes contain an acrid reddish juice. This plants often forms vegetative colonies.
Cultivation: During early to mid-spring, this plant should have access to some sunlight, otherwise the flowers may fail to open. After the trees begin to form leaves later in the spring, considerable shade is tolerated. The soil should be fertile and loamy, with average moisture levels (by woodland standards). The foliage is not affected by disease significantly, although it will gradually wither away as the summer progresses. Range & Habitat: Bloodroot is a common plant that occurs in most counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is native. Habitats include rich deciduous woodlands, wooded slopes, edges of bluffs, shaded ravines, banks of rivers in wooded areas, and areas along woodland paths.
Faunal Associations: The pollen of the flowers attracts various kinds of bees, including honeybees, bumblebees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), and Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.). Other insects that visit the flowers include Syrphid flies and beetles, which feed on the pollen (or search vainly for nectar). An aphid, Linosiphon sanguinarium, sucks plant juices from the leaf undersides. The seeds of Bloodroot are distributed by ants because of their fleshy appendages. This is a common method of seed distribution for woodland wildflowers, as wind speeds are greatly reduced in wooded areas. The foliage and rhizomes contain an acrid reddish juice and they are toxic. Consequently, this plant is not often eaten by mammalian herbivores, although White-Tailed Deer browse sparingly on the succulent leaves.
Photographic Location: A partially-shaded flower garden near Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Bloodroot is one of the spring ephemerals of deciduous woodlands. It has very showy flowers and unusual-looking, but attractive, foliage. Unfortunately, the flowers are relatively short-lived. Across different localities, there are significant variations in this plant, involving such characteristics as the number of petals and size of the flowers, and the appearance of the foliage. On rare occasions, light pink flowers are produced. The Amerindians created a red dye from the juice of the rhizomes. The juice of plants in this genus possesses anti-bacterial properties with possible pharmaceutical applications, including an anti-plaque mouthwash.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月16日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 1½–3' tall, branching occasionally. The stems are green, terete to angular, and either glabrous or sparsely hairy along two opposite lines. The opposite leaves are up to 5" long and 3" across; they are lanceolate to ovate in shape and smooth or slightly undulate along their margins. The upper leaf surface is yellowish green to dark green and glabrous (or nearly so), while the lower leaf surface is pale to medium green and glabrous to sparsely hairy along the undersides of the veins. The petioles are ¼–½" long. From the axils of the middle to upper leaves, there develops 1-3 flowers that are nearly sessile. Less often, such flowers will terminate a lateral stem that is up to 6" long, directly above a pair of leaves. Each flower is about 2" long and 1½" across, consisting of a funnelform corolla that is pinkish lavender to bluish violet (rarely white, except at its base), a green short-tubular calyx with long slender teeth, 4 inserted stamens, and a pistil with an inserted style. The corolla is narrowly tubular at the base, but it spreads outward to form 5 rounded lobes. The lobes of the corolla have undulate edges and a delicate appearance. At the throat of the corolla, there are several fine veins that are purple and somewhat reticulated; they function as nectar guides for visiting insects. The tubular portion of the calyx is about ¼" long or a little less, while its teeth are ½–1" long, linear-lanceolate in shape, strongly ciliate along their margins, and 2-3 mm. across.
The blooming period occurs during the summer for 2-3 months. Each diurnal flower lasts only a single day; a single mature plant will have about 0-2 flowers in bloom during a typical summer day. The flowers are often partially hidden by the foliage. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by glabrous seed capsules that are up to ¾" long. Each of these capsules contains several seeds that are released explosively. Individual seeds are about 3 mm. (1/8") across, flattened-globoid in shape, and brown to dark brown. There is a less common form of this plant that produces non-showy cleistogamous flowers (f. cleistantha); it usually has more narrow leaves than the typical form (f. strepens).
Cultivation: The preference is light shade or partial sun, moist to mesic conditions, and either loamy or rocky soil containing some organic matter. This plant is not often bothered by either disease and insect pests. It may fail to flower in areas with medium to dense shade. Range & Habitat: The native Smooth Wild Petunia occurs occasionally in southern and central Illinois, while it is absent in the northern section of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic open woodlands, woodland edges, areas along woodland paths, thickets, thinly wooded slopes along rivers, and rocky banks of streams. In woodlands where there is an absence of fire or other disturbance, populations of this plant may decline because of excessive shade, particularly when those woodlands have become dominated by Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) and other woody vegetation that cast heavy shade.
Faunal Associations: The flowers have few visitors, although their nectar and pollen occasionally attract the smaller long-tongued bees (personal observation). Robertson (1929) observed the long-horned bee, Synhalonia speciosa, visiting the flowers of Smooth Wild Petunia. According to MacRae (1991), the adults of some metallic wood-boring beetles (Acmaeodera spp.) also visit the flowers. Sometimes pieces of the corolla are used by leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.) in the construction of their brood nests; these bees may also visit the flowers for nectar and pollen. The caterpillars of a butterfly, Junonia coenia (Buckeye), have been observed feeding on the foliage of Ruellia spp. (Wild Petunias). Otherwise, little is known about floral-faunal relationships for plants in this genus. Photographic Location: Along a path in a mesic area of Busey Woods, Urbana, Illinois, and along the rocky bank of a stream in southern Illinois.
Comments: The flowers of Ruellia spp. (Wild Petunias) have a striking resemblance to the flowers of the cultivated Petunia (Petunia × hybrida), which has been introduced from South America and belongs to a different family of plants (Solanaceae). However, the flowers of Wild Petunias have less diversity of color. Mohlenbrock (2003) describes 4 Ruellia spp. in Illinois; some of these are restricted to the southern one-third of the state. Smooth Wild Petunia (Ruellia strepens) is very similar in appearance to Carolina Wild Petunia (Ruellia caroliniensis) and Stalked Wild Petunia (Ruellia pedunculata). Its calyx teeth are wider (2.0–3.0 mm. across), whereas the latter two species have linear calyx teeth that are only 1.0–1.5 mm. across. Stalked Wild Petunia also differs by producing terminal flowers on long lateral stems only, rather than non-terminal flowers from the axils of leaves, and its stems are more hairy. Some authors regard Smooth Wild Petunia and Carolina Wild Petunia as variants of the same species. The remaining species of this genus in Illinois, Hairy Wild Petunia Smooth (Ruellia humilis), is a shorter plant with much hairier stems and leaves than Smooth Wild Petunia. Hairy Wild Petunia also prefers habitats that are more sunny and dry, such as prairies.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月16日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 6" tall, although its stems can extend up to 1' long. Both basal leaves and stems with alternate leaves are produced; the latter usually sprawl across the ground. The stems are light green, reddish green, or brownish green, and glabrous to sparsely pubescent. The basal and alternate leaves are up to 3" long and across (excluding the petioles); they are yellowish green to dark green, trifoliate, and glabrous. The leaflets are obovate, broadly obovate, or rhombic in outline and their margins are shallowly to deeply cleft and coarsely dentate. The terminal leaflet has a longer petiolule (basal stalklet at its base) than either of the lateral leaflets. There is some variability in how broad and deeply cleft the leaflets are across different populations of plants. The petioles are up to 3" long, light green to reddish green, and glabrous to sparsely pubescent; they are grooved above and convex below. Occasionally, individual flowers develop from unbranched stalks about 2-5" long. These stalks are ascending to erect, green, and glabrous to pubescent. Each flower spans about ¾" across, consisting of 5 yellow petals, 5 light green sepals, numerous yellow stamens, and a cluster of pistils in the center of the flower. The petal bases are often pale yellow with fine veins functioning as nectar guides; the remainder of the petals are bright yellow and shiny. The petals are obovate with rounded tips; they are longer than the sepals. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer and lasts about 1½ months. After the petals fall away, the pistils are replaced by a cluster of flattened achenes with long beaks; these achenes are 2.5-3.5 mm. in length. The root system consists of a tuft of fibrous roots. The sprawling stems are able to form rootlets when their nodes establish contact with moist ground. Swamp Buttercup sometimes forms loose colonies of plants at favorable sites.
Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to light shade, wet to mesic conditions, and a fertile loamy soil with some decaying leaf mould. Standing water from spring rainfall is tolerated if it is temporary. Range & Habitat: Swamp Buttercup is a common plant that occurs in most counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is native. Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands, soggy areas along vernal pools, swamps, partially shaded areas of seeps, and areas along springs in woodlands. This species often grows in soggy areas of woodlands that are too wet for some invasive species, such as Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard). Therefore, populations of Swamp Buttercup remain reasonably secure. This plant is also able to tolerate some degradation of its habitat from other causes.
Faunal Associations: The flowers attract their fair share of flower visitors, including little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), mason bees (Osmia spp.), Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), Syrphid flies, bee flies (Bombylius spp.), Muscid flies, Anthomyiid flies, skippers, and miscellaneous beetles. The bees suck nectar or collect pollen, while the flies and beetles suck nectar or feed on pollen. Other insects feed destructively on the foliage, roots, and other parts of Swamp Buttercup and other buttercups (Ranunculus spp.). These species include the leaf beetles Prasocuris ovalis and Prasocuris vittata, larvae of the sawflies Monophadnus pallescens and Stethomostus fuliginosus, Thecabius affinis (Poplar-Buttercup Aphid) and Thecabius gravicornis (Folded-Leaf Balsam Aphid), and larvae of the moth Sparganothis sulfureana (Sparganothis Leafroller). The foliage of buttercups is more or less toxic and it is avoided by mammalian herbivores. However, the seeds of these plants are eaten to a limited extent by the Wild Turkey, Cottontail Rabbit, Fox Squirrel, Gray Squirrel, Eastern Chipmunk, and Meadow Vole. The Wild Turkey reportedly browses on the foliage of buttercups, notwithstanding its toxicity (Martin et al., 1951/1961).
Photographic Location: A moist deciduous woodland at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: With the exception of the weedy Ranunculus abortivus (Small-Flowered Buttercup), this is probably the most common buttercup (Ranunculus spp.) in Illinois. It is possible to confuse Swamp Buttercup with similar species, especially Ranunculus hispidus (Hispid Buttercup), Ranunculus carolinianus (Carolina Buttercup), and the introduced Ranunculus repens (Creeping Buttercup). Unlike Swamp Buttercup, the stems of Hispid Buttercup have abundant spreading hairs and they are usually more erect. Carolina Buttercup is supposed to have longer achenes (3.5–5.0 mm. in length) than the preceding two species, however its status as a separate species is debatable. Some authorities consider Swamp Buttercup and Carolina Buttercup to be different varieties of Ranunculus hispidus (Duncan & Duncan, 1999; Yatskievych, 2000), although Mohlenbrock (2002) doesn't. The leaves of Creeping Buttercup are less deeply cleft and they are often splotched with pale green or white patterns. In addition, its achenes are less flattened than those of Swamp Buttercup.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月16日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 1-2' tall, consisting of some basal leaves, branched stems with alternate leaves, and flowers. The basal leaves are up to 5" long and 5" across; they have long hairy petioles. Each basal leaf is palmately cleft into 3-5 lobes; these lobes are often divided again into smaller lobes. The alternate leaves are similar to the basal leaves, except they become smaller as they ascend the stems and their petioles are shorter. The upper leaves are more slender and divided into fewer lobes. The margins of the leaves are crenate or dentate. The upper surface of each leaf is medium to dark green and glabrous. The stems are light green, terete, and covered with long hairs; they are erect to ascending, rather than sprawling across the ground. The upper stems terminate in loose clusters of flowers. Each flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) across, consisting of 5-6 yellow petals, 5 light green sepals, a dense green cluster of pistils, and a ring of surrounding stamens with yellow anthers. The petals are oblong-elliptic and a little shorter than the sepals; the latter tend to hang downward while the flowers are blooming. The pedicels of the flowers are pubescent. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer and lasts about 1 month. Both sepals and petals are deciduous and they soon fall to the ground. The pistils become transformed into a dense cluster of flat-sided achenes with slender hooked beaks; this fruit is globoid in shape. Eventually, the fruit changes in color from green to nearly black. Each achene is about 2-3 mm. long. The root system consists of a cluster of fibrous roots and occasional rhizomes. Sometimes, small clonal colonies of plants are produced.
Cultivation: The preference is light to medium shade, wet to moist conditions, and soil with abundant organic material. Range & Habitat: The native Hooked Buttercup is widely distributed in Illinois, but it is found only occasional in most areas (see Distribution Map). Habitats include damp depressions in upland woodlands, floodplain woodlands, shaded areas along streams, bottoms of rocky ravines, areas along woodland paths, swamps, forested bogs, and shady seeps. This species prefers damp woodlands and shaded wetlands. Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts primarily small bees. These include Cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), Halictid bees (Augochlorella spp., Lasioglossum spp.), and Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.). Among vertebrate animals, the Wood Duck, Ruffed Grouse, and Wild Turkey feed on the seeds and foliage of Ranunculus spp. (Buttercups) in woodlands. The Eastern Chipmunk also eats the seeds of these plants. Hoofed mammalian herbivores usually avoid the consumption of buttercups because the toxic foliage contains a blistering agent that can irritate the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Photographic Location: Along a stream at the bottom of a rocky ravine at The Portland Arch in west-central Indiana. Comments: This buttercup has achenes with unusually long hooked beaks; this provides its fruit with a slightly spiny appearance. While its foliage is reasonably attractive, the flowers are not very showy. Other similar buttercups include Ranunculus abortivus (Small-Flowered Buttercup) and Ranunculus pensylvanicus (Bristly Buttercup), which can be found in wet woodlands as well. Small-Flowered Buttercup has lower leaves that are kidney-shaped and lack lobes, while the palmately cleft leaves of Bristly Buttercup have more narrow lobes. The latter species also blooms later in the year (during the summer) than Hooked Buttercup. Other similar buttercups have larger flowers (at least ½" across) or their fruits (seedheads) are more elongated (ovoid or oblongoid) in shape.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月16日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is up to 1' tall; it has a tendency to sprawl with age. The stems are light green to pale reddish brown and more or less covered with long spreading hairs. Both basal and alternate leaves are produced; like the stems, their petioles are covered with long spreading hairs. Sometimes, the petioles are as long or longer than the compound blades of the leaves. The leaf blades are usually trifoliate (divided into 3 leaflets). The leaflets are up to 4" long and across andClose-up of Flower usually cleft into 3 lobes. The margins of the leaflets are irregularly dentate. The terminal leaflet has a short petiolule (short stalk) at its base, while the lateral leaflets are either sessile or they have even shorter petiolules. The upper surface of each leaflet is more or less medium green with scattered appressed hairs, while the lower surface has spreading hairs along the major veins. The upper leaves are smaller in size than the basal leaves and their leaflets are often lack lobes. Occasionally, solitary flowers are produced on long hairy stalks. These flowers are about ¾–1" across, consisting of 5 shiny yellow petals, 5 light green sepals, a dense cluster of pale yellowish green pistils, and a ring of numerous stamens with yellow anthers. Toward the center of each flower, the petals become semi-translucent and each petal has several fine lines that function as nectar guides. The sepals are hairy and lanceolate in shape; they are shorter than the petals. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring and lasts about a month. Each flower produces several flattened achenes with long beaks; these achenes are up to 3.5 mm. in length. The root system is fibrous. This wildflower reproduces by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring, followed by light shade during the summer. This buttercup prefers mesic to dry conditions and a rich loamy soil with some decaying leaves. Range & Habitat: The native Hispid Buttercup occurs occasionally throughout Illinois; its distribution is somewhat patchy (see Distribution Map). Habitats include upland woodlands, wooded slopes, and bluffs where oak trees are often present; unlike Ranunculus septentrionalis (Swamp Buttercup), this species is rarely found in damp habitats. Faunal Associations: Buttercups are the summer hosts of the aphid Thecabius gravicornis. The seeds and foliage of woodland buttercups are eaten by such upland gamebirds as the Wild Turkey and Ruffed Grouse; the Eastern Chipmunk also eats the seeds. The foliage is toxic to mammalian herbivores and usually avoided by such animals.
Photographic Location: An upland area of Warbler Woods in Coles County, Illinois. Comments: Hispid Buttercup and Ranunculus septentrionalis (Swamp Buttercup) are very similar to each other. Hispid Buttercup differs primarily by the long spreading hairs on its stems and petioles, and its preference for drier habitats than Swamp Buttercup. Swamp Buttercup is either hairless or it has short appressed hairs along its stems and petioles. Some authorities regard these two buttercups as different varieties of the same species. For spring wildflowers, they bloom longer than average.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月16日
Miss Chen
养肉的理由有很多~有人养的是兴趣，有人养的是陪伴，有人养的是情怀，还有人是被送了生日礼物，还有人是媳妇一时兴起结果后续工作只能有你来打理~没关系~既然你已经入肉坑了，那么就要好好对待它们。今天给大家分享一下五十铃玉皱、裂及繁殖的一些小经验。 五十铃玉是喜阳光且耐旱的植物，但是不能过度暴晒。其最适宜的温度在15-30度之间，高于或者低于这个范围的温度时，其就会进入休眠状态。各位知道五十铃玉皱了怎么处理吗？
五十铃玉皱了让很多多肉爱好者很无奈，五十铃玉属于比较难养殖的多肉，养殖过程是非常不容易的尤其是浇水、施肥。 五十铃玉在多肉植物当中属于较为难养的一类，因此很多人对于其浇水、施肥等杂事非常上心，也就会经常性的浇水。其实这样是反其道而行之。五十铃玉水分不能过多也不能太干，要保持在适当的一个度。光照也一样，不能过度的暴晒，这些都会导致五十铃玉皱了。五十铃玉皱了也不需要过分担心，只要找到原因，让其自然生长，不要过分暴晒与过分浇水，一段时间以后自然会变健康的。 五十铃玉发皱变软后肉友是如何处理的： ①浸盆！（小遍我的就是浸盆以后变鼓鼓的啦。） ②不能大水大晒！ ③闷养！入冬以来，我家五十铃玉开始皱皮，又不敢浇太多水，怕涝死，后来有人告诉我可以闷一闷变回饱满，我看今天早上有太阳，就开始实施了：趁太阳还没大，给五十铃玉周围淋上一圈水;然后找个透明的杯子，我用的是布丁杯，用喷雾浇水壶对里面喷上水，扣在五十铃玉上面;然后拿到太阳下晒;晚上再把杯子拿下来透气，皱的厉害的可以重复几天。 五十铃玉断裂肉友的分析： 水多了！ 当然要先确定是不是人为的~~这个很重要，若不是，就是水浇多了，盆比较透气的话，这个天一周浇一次，也不用浇透;盆不是很透气的话，就每周在盆土上略微浇点水就行。
肉友繁殖五十铃玉的方法分享： 对于大株五十铃玉可以采用分株繁殖，用利器分割，我就是用较锋利的植物专用刀具(我先进行的是消毒)，伤口一定要晾干，以免伤口感染，造成烂根。 五十铃玉分株一定要等母株足够大了再进行，分株的时候一定要注意伤口要晾干后再栽种，以免因为伤口感染导致烂根，这样就得不偿失了!
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