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Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
多肉叶子枯萎这种情况，相信很多肉友都应该遇到过。本是萌萌的小多肉，可是叶子一枯萎后，就完全变了样，慢慢的，其它病症也随之而来。今天小编就给大家分析一下多肉叶子枯萎的原因及补救方法。自然的新陈代谢除外。
多肉叶片腐烂　　　　 病因：一般由闷热（夏季）、潮湿、冷湿（冬季）引起，特别是植物根系不够健康或者切根后伤口未晾干的时候，非常容易发生腐烂现象。 补救方法：针对切根后“无根的多肉植物”，一定要晾干一段时间（3-7天），让伤口痊愈后再种上，并且刚种入的一个周内不要浇水，保持土壤干燥或有一点点湿气。 夏天不能淋雨，不能在强光下照射，保持花盆干热或潮冷的环境，不给真菌繁殖创造机会。发现肉肉部分黑腐的情况下，只能建议切除黑腐部分，而且越早切除越好，坏死了就好不了。 叶片化水要尽快的去除，在去除过后，还有在伤口处涂抹上多菌灵类的药物，以防后期会真菌感染，导致最后黑腐。 夏天要注意控制水量，冬天有这样一个说法，10度以下少浇水，5度以下控水，0度以下断水自求多福。　　　　 多肉缺水　　　　 病因：缺水一般分为两种情况，一是真正的缺水，浇水后一段时间内就会恢复。另一种是多肉植物的根系不健康，无法吸收水分，这种即使浇水也不能恢复，这就需要对根部进行一些处理，重新生根。两种方式表现出来的状态都是叶片褶皱发软。 补救方法：有的时候叶片出现褶皱和变软也不一定是缺水，这就需要根据自己平时的浇水情况和天气状况来判断了。可以挖出来检查一下根系看看。根系颜色为白色或者有许多白色的毛细根，都说明植物很健康，种好浇水就可以了。 一般来说，如果是植物缺水，在保证通风良好的前提下，当晚浇水，第二天叶片便会饱满起来了，要尽量避免把水浇到植物上。但是如果浇水后几天都无法恢复状态，这个时候就要注意了。这种情况一般都是肉肉的根系还没有生长出来，或者原有的根系已经腐烂，这个时候就需要将肉肉从土里拔出来，清理根部，再换上干净的土壤或者基质种上。　　　　 长时间不生长　　　　 病因：这种不生长现象也常被称为“僵苗”，主要因素还是在于多肉植物的根系，这状态下的根系一定是完全枯死或者只有一点点硬撑着。随着时间推移，最后植物也会慢慢消耗殆尽死去。　　　　 所以大家在养护的时候遇到3个月完全不见生长，并且植物状态也不是太好，叶片出现褶皱等现象，颜色没有太大变化的，就拔出来检查一下。 补救方法：首先将枯死的根系（黑色的根）全部修剪掉，同时也要清理底部的枯叶和腐叶。全部清理干净后再用清水或者多菌灵溶液清洗一下根部，最后放在散光处晾干2-3天，再栽种起来。　　　　
多肉叶片枯萎　 病因：僵苗差不多，问题都出在根系。根系不够健康，吸收不好，导致植物状态变差，这时候浇水过多就容易烂，浇水少了又会缺水，所以对水分的把握是很重要的。另外土壤也有一定关系，常说的优先养根，其实也是在说土壤配比的问题。 补救方法：混合土壤中泥炭土＋椰糠混合物比例占到70%，对于生根来说是非常好的。根系生长出来一段时间后，植物开始恢复，等植物生长到健壮期时就可以进行二次换土，增加大比例的沙子来增强多肉植物的习性。后期稳定后基本上就不用再换土了。　　　　 多肉晒伤 病因：多发生于夏天和初秋，夏天是因为天气热光照强的关系，初秋是因为大多数多肉都经过了夏天的遮阴待遇，秋天一下子接受光照后再遇到秋老虎，很容易就晒伤了。浇水的时候不小心叶片沾有水分或者叶间积有水分/土壤潮湿，前者可能只是出现晒斑的，后者可能出现化水甚至黑腐。 补救方法：首先平时要注意遮阴通风，其次浇水的时候真的要小心叶片、叶间积水，如果晒到化水黑腐了，把黑腐的地方挖掉，能剩下一点小命就不错了。如果是晒出晒斑，一般晒斑是永久存留的，但有时候会随着时间的推移，晒斑的痕迹会变浅　　　　 缺光徒长 病因：多肉植物缺少阳光徒长其实是植物顺应自然的一种现象。阳光不足的情况下植物就会往阳光更多的高处生长，所以会拔高个子。 如果在原生地日照特别强烈，多肉植物的叶片也会卷起来，减少阳光照射到叶面的范围。这都是植物根据自然环境而做的改变，所以我们一定要了解植物的本质后，再去采取顺应自然的方式栽种植物。 补救方法：保持每天4-5小时以上，浇水不能断，植物的生长恢复都是需要水分的。　　　　 介壳虫 介壳虫是所有的肉友们最常见的虫子之一，又名“蚧虫”介壳虫是花卉和果树上最常见的害虫，常群集于枝、叶、果上，吸取植物汁液为生，严重时会造成枝条凋萎或全株死亡。　　　　 补救方法：有三种除虫方法，大家自己选择噢～ １．用酒精轻轻地反复擦拭病株，就能把介壳虫除掉，且能除得十分干净、彻底。 ２．手工牙签、针各种伺候就行，这样反复几次就会没有了 ３．这个其实就是最省事的办法，用“护花神”按照说明书比例1:200兑水后喷洒就可以了，一周后再次喷洒一遍基本上就不会再看见恶心的虫子了。 需要注意喷药后，一定不要接受日照，放在阴凉处4-5天再挪到有日照的地方，因为刚喷完要就放到太阳下，会加速水分挥发，这样药物浓度就变高了，很容易烧伤植物 煤烟病　　　　 病因：除了夏天闷热潮湿水土感染外，更多来自于各种虫体携带性感染。蚜虫、蚧壳虫蚂蚁等除了啃食吮吸植物叶片根部的汁液外，还会分泌密露排泄粪便，这些分泌物中带有各种菌类，被这些害虫咬伤后会加重感染。 补救方法：平日里一定要加强杀虫，尤其是夏季！发现煤烟病的时候第一时间就是要隔离，喷洒杀菌剂，因为煤烟病传染力很强，所以接触过病肉一定要洗手喔~
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文章
Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
蚧壳虫，又名“介壳虫”。介壳虫是柑桔、柚子上的一类重要害虫，常见的有红圆蚧、褐圆蚧、康片蚧、矢尖蚧和吹绵蚧等。介壳虫危害叶片、枝条和果实。介壳虫往往是雄性有翅，能飞，雌虫和幼虫一经羽化，终生寄居在枝叶或果实上，造成叶片发黄、枝梢枯萎、树势衰退，且易诱发煤污病。那么对于多肉植物来说，该如何处理呢？ 让我们先来简单了解一下这可恶的白色小虫子，知己知彼才能百战不殆。诚然，每次发现这小破虫子，最令我费解的事都是它们到底从哪儿蹦出来的。经过一番简单的查阅，这个问题就变得很好回答：蚧壳虫卵通过各种途径早已潜伏在土壤或者是肉肉的根上，等到条件合适便破壳而出、泛滥成灾。深入了解后，肉米米掌握到了更多的情报：经常危害肉肉的蚧壳虫大致分为普通蚧壳虫和根粉蚧两种，普通的蚧壳虫主要粘附于叶片背面及茎部吸食植物，它们可能会在肉肉接触的时候进行转移，但是由于容易被发现，这些叶子上的蚧壳虫一般不会对肉肉造成严重的危害。根粉蚧则是十足的难缠鬼，它们往往藏在肉肉的根部，吸食根系的养分生存，然后产卵孵化，等到我们发现肉肉状态不好的时候，它们已经在土壤里繁殖了无数代，局面已经不可挽回。而且，根粉蚧传染性极强，在相邻的花盆间转移很快，虫卵还会随着花盆里流出的水一起漂到其他盆里，所以多数情况下，根粉蚧都是大面积爆发。蚧壳虫往往与黑腐形影不离，这是因为当蚧壳虫把植物的嫩根刺破之后，各种真菌就趁虚而入，对肉肉造成毁灭性的打击。 为了对付这些破坏性极强的小白虫子，无数肉友可谓绞尽脑汁，白了三千黑丝。终于还是有心人天不负，大家群策群力找到了不少有效的杀虫方法。下面我结合自己的使用心得，做一个简单的总结。　　　　
蚧壳虫预防事项： 1、把水浇透 蚧壳虫是一种昆虫，需要呼吸氧气，所以如果每次浇水都把水浇透，蚧壳虫就不得不从土壤中爬出来呼吸空气，这样，你就可以在它们从土里钻出来的时候把他们轻而易举的解决掉，你只需要一个放大镜和一个小镊子，轻松搞定烦人的小虫子。　　　　 需要注意事项： 捏死的虫子尸体也要小心处理，最好擦到卫生纸上，然后扔到垃圾桶里。镊子在使用之后也要进行除虫卵处理。最好是拿打火机烧一下，彻底根绝后患。另外，把水浇透并不是说要不断的浇水，浇水的频率还是要根据肉肉的具体情况以及天气状况而定，切记不要为了除虫就不断的浇水，如果把肉肉淹死了，也是得不偿失。　　　　 2、药物除虫 市面上比较常见的是护花神和日本小白药（DX），国光蚧必治啥的我没有用过，所以在这里不做介绍，肉友如有好的心得体会可以和我们互动起来。　　　　 护花神比较廉价，肉米米养肉这几年都在用，使用方法非常粗犷，普通的使用方法主要是喷洒和浇灌。我喜欢把长了虫的叶片或者整株植物直接浸泡到护花神里一晚上，效果比喷洒和灌根好得多，叶片和植物也不会死亡。但是有些嫩叶片并不适合长时间浸泡，一晚上的时间足矣。　　　　 日本小白药是我今年才使用的，效果有待观察。这种药物是可吸收药物，也叫内吸类药物，与土混合，浇水后会被肉肉吸收掉，当诸如蚧壳虫这样的刺吸式害虫吸食肉肉汁液的时候，就会吸入药物中毒而死。这种杀虫方式较为环保，杀虫效果也较为稳定，因为几乎所有吸食肉肉的害虫都会中毒身亡。不过，用药的方式有一个通病，就是对于土壤和植物造成污染，这基本是用药除虫不可避免的副作用。
3、洗根 洗根的话可以直接浸泡到护花神中，一晚上的时间，第二天你可以看到好多虫子的尸体，然后清水处理一下浸泡过的根，栽种到土里就好了。 4、虫卵的处理 蚧壳虫的雌虫在产卵的时候，会分泌蜡质白丝，将自己和虫卵一起包裹在形成的虫茧中。质密的蜡质虫茧为虫卵提供了良好的保护，神马护花神之类的药物对它没有任何办法，浇水也并不能淹死虫卵，这个时候唯一有效的办法就是找到虫茧，并把它们摘掉。虫茧其实还是很明显的，一般可以用肉眼看到，只要你细心一些、耐心一些，虫茧便不能遁形。 其实肉肉长虫子也没有必要过于紧张，我们每个人身上也有各种各样的我们看不到的寄生虫，比如螨虫。我们的生活环境中也存在着各种各样有益有害的微生物，可是我们不也生活的好好的吗？物极必反，适当的虫害有的时候可以让肉肉们自身更加强壮，有的肉肉也会自己产生保护措施，这也许就是大自然的奇妙之处吧。"
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文章
Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
介壳虫繁殖能力强，一年发生多代。卵孵化为若虫，经过短时间爬行，营固定生活，即形成介壳。它的抗药能力强，一般药剂难以进入体内，防治比较困难。因此，一旦发生，不易清除干净。 不同地区、不同种类,其发生规律各不相同。除了有性繁殖,介壳虫还可进行孤雌繁殖。繁殖量大,产的卵90%以上均能发育,有的1年发生1代,高的可达3~4代,以1年2代来计算,1只介壳虫,1年繁殖量多达90000只。今天要给大家分享的是一位养肉老友对介壳虫的防治心得。
1、介壳虫并不可怕 很多人害怕介壳虫与根粉介的，一旦得了就头麻，不知道怎么办才好，有些直接扔掉了植物，实际上它们并不可怕，它们很脆弱，只要掌握合适的方法与实践，很容易被清除杀灭，战略上做到要藐视敌人。 另外要有这样的思想准备：介壳虫是不可能被消灭掉的，但我们可以做到同它们长期相安无事的共存，把它们的种群数量控制在适量的规模，不造成影响就是了。就像土壤中的其他腐败真菌，致病菌一样，它们也是长期存在的，但没什么事情的。 2、我所认为不合适的预防方法 一说为了预防，拿到植物不管是否有发现就仔细冲洗根，我认为十分不妥，一来去除了全部的土与根毛等，根部大受损，缓过来很慢，很不值得，另外即使它们有，它们真的能被清除吗?很细小的几只漏网之鱼就能繁殖一个庞大的帝国，这种操作方法不适合长期种植的。还有方法是，发现后手捉或者酒精擦或者板刷刷，同样不可取，理由同上，植物被处理过就不好了，另外也不能让介壳虫绝户。 3、什么时候杀 介壳虫在繁殖初期很容易被干掉，一旦生成介壳，油盐不进了，就困难了。我认为是两个时节，在开春天气转暖，植物生长时，现在正是时候，二是在夏天快结束秋天开始植物生长时，但如果在温室中，感觉一直会有。
4、介壳虫怎样杀 用杀虫剂直接喷雾就可以了，灌根?我不做的，工程量太大，也麻烦。现在的杀虫剂都有触杀与胃杀带熏杀的，只要它要进食，迟早被毒到，喷雾的时候全角度上下内外，无死角。还有很重要的一点就是，至少连续两次，每次间隔四五天，一周。这样两次下来，就差不多了。有精力的可以安排第三次。另外每年时间到了，不管有没有介壳，只要以前有过，都需要这么操作。我在前年按计划查杀，就没有了，去年麻痹大意，没预防，又爆发了。 5、用什么药 请用正规的农药，注意是农药，农药经过广大劳动人民长时间检验证明是有效的，且国家抓三农，假农药查的厉害，在售的都可靠的，可以去农技站买，可以买哪个什么国光的毒死蜱，介可清(好像是这个样子的)等等都是有效的。 另外农药用完了，请束之高阁，保护好，不要轻易让小孩等拿到，安全很重要。打农药可以用喷雾剂，灌上15L水，随您怎么喷。
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文章
Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
植物也有睡眠的时候，在植物生理学中被称为睡眠运动。它既是一种有趣的自然现象，也是一个科学家们数十来积极探索却于今仍弄不出个所以然的科学之谜。 有一种叫红三叶草的豆科植物，在阳光下，人们看到的是它的每个叶柄上的三片小吐都展开在空中。夜幕降临时，三片小叶就折迭在一起而垂下头来开始睡眠。这就是植物睡眠的典型现象。这种昼开夜合的变化在近似24小时的周期中反复发生，即使在完全黑暗中也仍然照样进行。植物学家称这种现象为睡眠运动。植物体内的生物钟最早就是从这种现象发现的。
每逢晴朗的夜晚，我们只要细心观察就会发现，一些植物已经发生了奇妙的变化。比如常见的合欢树，它的叶子由许多小羽片组合而成，在白天舒展而又平坦，而一到夜幕降临时，那无数小羽片就成双成对地折合关闭，就好像被手碰过的含羞草。花生也是一种爱“犯困”的植物，它的叶子从傍晚开始，便慢慢地向上关闭，表示要睡觉了。以上所举仅是一些常见的例子，事实上，会睡觉的植物还有很多很多，如酢浆草、白屈菜、羊角豆等。 不仅植物的叶子有睡眠要求，娇嫩艳丽的花朵似乎更需要睡眠。比如生长在水面的睡莲花，每当旭日东升，那美丽的花瓣就会慢慢舒展开来，似乎正从甜蜜的睡梦中苏醒过来;而当夕阳西下时，它便闭拢花瓣重新进入睡眠状态。由于它这种“昼醒晚睡”的规律性特别明显，故而获得了“睡莲”的芳名。另外，各种各样的花儿，睡眠的姿态也各不相同：蒲公英在入睡时，所有的花瓣都向上竖起闭合，看上去像一个黄色的鸡毛帚;胡萝卜花则垂下来，恰似一个正在打瞌睡的小老头…… 植物的睡眠运动会对它本身带来什么好处呢?为了揭开这个谜底，科学家们进行了难以数计的研究与实验。 最早发现植物睡眠运动的人是英国著名的生物学家达尔文。一百多年前，他在研究植物生长行为的过程中，曾对69种植物的夜间活动进行了观察，发现一些积满露水的叶片，因为承受到水珠的重量而运动不便，往往比其他能自由运动的叶片容易受伤。后来他又用人为的方法把叶片固定住，也得到了类似的结果。达尔文虽然无法直接测量叶片的温度，但他断定，叶片的睡眠运动对植物生长极有好处，也许主要是为了保护叶片，抵御夜晚的寒冷。 达尔文的说法似乎有一定的道理，但却没有足够的证据，所以一直没有引起人们的重视。20世纪60年代，随着植物生理学的快速发展，科学家们开始深入研究植物的睡眠运动，并提出了不少的解释。 最初，解释植物睡眠运动最广泛的理论是“月光理论”。提出这个论点的科学家认为，叶子的睡眠运动能使植物尽可能少地遭受月光的侵害。因为过多的月光照射，可能干扰植物正常的光周期感官机制，损害植物对昼夜变化的适应。然而，使人们迷惑不解的是，为什么许多没有光周期现象的热带植物同样也会“犯困”?这一点用“月光理论”是无法解释清楚的。
后来科学家又发现，有些植物的睡眠运动并不受温度和光强度的控制，而是由于叶柄基部中一些细胞的膨压变化引起的。如合欢树、酢浆草、红三叶草等，通过叶子在夜间的闭合，以减少热量的散失和水分的蒸发。尤其是合欢树，叶子不仅仅在夜间关闭、睡眠，当遭遇大风大雨时也会逐渐合拢，以防柔嫩的叶片受到摧残。这种保护性的反应是对环境的一种适应。 科学家们提出一个又一个观点，但是未能有一个圆满的解释。正当他们感到困惑的时候，美国科学家恩瑞特在进行了一系列有趣的实验后提出了一个新的解释。他用一根灵敏的温度探测针在夜间测量多种植物叶片的温度，结果发现，呈水平方向(不进行睡眠运动)的叶子的温度，总比垂直方向(进行睡眠运动)的叶子的温度要低1℃左右。恩瑞特认为，正是这仅仅1℃的微小差异，成为阻止或减缓叶子生长的重要因素。因此，在相同的环境中，能进行睡眠运动的植物生长速度较快，与其他不能进行睡眠运动的植物相比具有更强的生存竞争能力。 随着研究的深入，科学家还发现了一个有关植物睡眠的有意思的现象：植物竟能与人一样也有午睡的习惯。植物午睡的时间，大约在中午11时至下午2时。此时，叶子的气孔关闭，光合作用明显降低。为什么会出现这一种现象?科学家认为，植物午睡主要是由于大气环境的干燥、炎热引起的。午睡是植物在长期进化过程中形成的一种抗衡干旱的本能，为的是减少水分散失，以便在不良环境中生存下来。 花儿要睡觉，叶片也会睡眠，而且它们还有一定的睡眠姿势呢！有兴趣儿朋友可以仔细观察一下，用照片记录下来，不过记得分享出来哟！
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 4-6" tall, consisting of 1-2 basal leaves and a flowering stalk with a single flower. Immature plants produce a single leaf and fail to flower, while mature plants that bloom produce a pair of leaves. The basal leaves are up to 6" long and 2" across. They are elliptic, lanceolate, or narrowly ovate, and smooth (entire) along their margins. The upper leaf surface is mottled pale green and brownish or grayish green, while the lower leaf surface is pale to medium green. Both leaf surfaces are glabrous; the upper leaf surface is often waxy. The leaves often curve upward slightly from the midvein to the margins. A naked flowering stalk develops between the basal leaves of mature plants. This stalk is light green to reddish brown and glabrous; it nods downward at its apex, where the flower occurs. Each nodding flower is about 1½" long and across; it consists of 6 white tepals, 6 stamens with long yellow anthers, and a slender style with a stigma that has 3 lobes that spread outward. The tepals are linear-lanceolate and strongly recurved, while the stamens and style are exerted. The blooming period occurs during mid-spring and lasts about 2 weeks. Each fertilized flower is replaced by a 3-chambered seed capsule that is ovoid and about ¾" long. Each chamber of the seed capsule contains 2 rows of flattened seeds. The root system consists of a corm that is several inches below the surface of the ground; this corm produces fibrous roots at its base and occasionally sends out underground stolons that can form new plants a few inches away from the mother plant. White Trout Lily can produce large colonies of plants if it is left undisturbed for several decades.
Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy soil with decaying leaf mould. Situations involving more shade are tolerated later in the year. The foliage withers away during the summer. It takes several years for a new plant to fully develop and bloom. Corms can be transplanted successfully during the fall, while the establishment of new plants from seeds is difficult and slow. Range & Habitat: The native White Trout Lily is a common plant that occurs in every county of Illinois, except for Jo Davies county in the extreme NW corner of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands and gentle slopes in wooded areas. An abundance of this plant indicates that a woodlands has never been subjected to the plow or bulldozed over. White Trout Lily is one of the spring wildflowers that is threatened by the spread of Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) in wooded areas.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are primarily pollinated by both long-tongued and short-tongued bees, including honeybees, mason bees (Osmia spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), digger bees (Synhalonia belfragii), Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), plasterer bees (Colletes inaequalis), and Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.). The bees suck nectar from the flowers; honeybees and short-tongued bees also collect pollen. An oligolectic bee of Erythronium spp. (Trout Lilies) is Andrena erythronii. Less typical insects visiting the flowers for nectar include the Giant Bee Fly (Bombylius major), butterflies, and skippers. Trout Lilies (Erythronium spp.) are occasionally eaten by White-tailed Deer, but the damage is usually minor because of the low stature and ephemeral nature of the foliage. Photographic Location: A deciduous woodlands at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: White Trout Lily usually blooms a little earlier than other spring wildflowers in woodlands; this blooming period is short, and immature plants that don't bloom always outnumber mature plants. Both the flowers and foliage are attractive (especially if the latter is mottled). The other Trout Lilies in Illinois are less common; they include Erythronium americanum (Yellow Trout Lily) and Erythronium mesochoreum (Prairie Trout Lily). Yellow Trout Lily has yellow flowers and the lobes of its stigmas are united, rather than spreading. Prairie Trout Lily resembles a White Trout Lily with unmottled foliage. However, it produces a larger seed capsule (about 1" long) that nods downward from its stalk, sometimes touching the ground. White Trout Lily has a smaller seed capsule (about ¾" long) that remains more or less erect on its stalk. The flowers of Prairie Trout Lily are light blue-violet more often than those of White Trout Lily, and its basal leaves tend to be less broad and more strongly folded upward along their midveins.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 3-10" tall, consisting of one or more stems with alternate leaves and compound umbels of flowers. The light green to reddish brown stems are stout, longitudinal ridged, and glabrous; sometimes they are erect, but more often sprawl across the ground. The leaves are up to 5" long and 3" across; they are ternately compound (typically divided into 3 leaflets). Each leaflet is irregularly cleft into about 3 narrow lobes; these lobes are oblong, elliptic-oblong, or narrowly oblanceolate and their margins lack teeth. The blades of the leaves (i.e., their leaflets) are light to medium green and glabrous, while their long petioles are sheathed at the base. The stems terminate in compound umbels of white flowers. Each compound umbel consists of 1-4 umbellets, while each umbellet has 1-6 flowers. The flowers of each umbellet are closely bunched together because their pedicels are quite short. At the base of each umbellet, there is a small leafy bract. Each flower is about ¼" across, consisting of 5 narrow white petals, 5 stamens, a divided white style, and no sepals. The anthers of the stamens are initially dark red, but they soon turn black. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-spring and lasts about 1 month. Each flower is replaced by a slightly flattened globoid fruit (a schizocarp) that contains a single seed. The root system consists of a corm with fibrous roots. This wildflower reproduces by reseeding itself. Occasionally, it forms loose colonies of plants. Cultivation: Some dappled sunlight is required during the spring, otherwise shade is tolerated. Moist to mesic conditions and a rich loamy soil with some rotting organic matter are preferred. Most vegetative growth and development occurs during thePlant in Bloom spring. Range & Habitat: The native Harbinger-of-Spring has a scattered distribution throughout most of Illinois, but it is absent from the NW section of the state (see Distribution Map). It is occasional in some woodlands, but mysteriously absent from many others. Habitats include rich mesic woodlands with deciduous trees, wooded areas at the base of bluffs, rocky bluffs, wooded bottomland of rocky canyons, gentle wooded slopes along rivers, and areas along woodland paths. This wildflower is normally found in high quality deciduous woodlands.
Faunal Associations: The flowers attract primarily small to medium-size bees and miscellaneous flies. Bee visitors include Little Carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Mason bees (Osmia spp.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), and Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp., Halictus spp., etc.). Fly visitors include Calliphorid flies, Anthomyiid flies, Frit flies (Chloropidae), Lance flies (Lonchaeidae), and flower flies (Syrphidae). These insects seek primarily nectar from the flowers. Photographic Location: A wooded area at the base of a bluff in Kickapoo State Park, Vermilion County, Illinois. This location is not far from an abandoned coal mine. Comments: This is one of the earliest wildflowers to bloom in our deciduous woodlands. Because of its small flowers and low growth habit, it is rather easy to overlook. Also, when observed from a distance, Harbinger-of-Spring can be confused with other wildflowers with small white flowers. Another common name is 'Pepper-and-Salt Plant,' which refers to the anthers of the flowers (after they have become black) and the bright white petals. This wildflower is fairly distinctive because of its period of early bloom, stout stems, oddly colored anthers, and tight umbellets of flowers with narrow white petals.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous parasitic plant is 4-18" tall. Small plants are often unbranched, but large plants are paniculately branched with stiff ascending stems. These stems are initially cream, tan, or purple-striped, but they turn brown with age. The surface of each stem is mostly glabrous, but sometimes it is slightly pubescent. The leaves are reduced to insignificant scales; they are located underneath some of the flowers. Along the length of the stems are alternate flowers; the lower stems have cleistogamous (self-fertile) flowers, while the upper stems have perfect flowers that are usually sterile. The cleistogamous flowers are small and bud-like in shape, while the perfect flowers have tubular corollas with short calyces. The corolla of a perfect flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) in length, cream- and purple-colored, with 4 short lobes along its outer rim. Each calyx is cream-colored with 5 purple-striped teeth; it is much shorter than the corolla of a perfect flower. Each perfect flower has a single style and four stamens; the latter are hidden within the corolla. The blooming period occurs from late summer into the fall. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each fertile flower is replaced by a small ovoid seed capsule about ¼" (6 mm.) long; it contains numerous tiny seeds that can be blown about by the wind. The root system is fibrous. Sometimes large colonies of this plant can be found. Cultivation: This parasitic plant contains no chlorophyll and obtains its nutrients from the roots of Fagus grandifolia (American Beech). Without the presence of this tree, Beechdrops cannot survive.
Range & Habitat: The native Beechdrops is uncommon in Illinois; it is found in a few counties of the southern and SE regions of the state (see Distribution Map). Illinois lies at the western range limit of both Beechdrops and the American Beech; both species are more common further to the east. Habitats include mesic woodlands and rocky wooded slopes where American Beech and Sugar Maple trees are usually codominant. Faunal Associations: Very little information is available about floral-faunal relationships for this species. The perfect flowers may be visited occasionally by long-tongued bees. The ecological value of Beechdrops to animals appears to be low. Photographic Location: A rocky wooded slope in west central Indiana where American Beech was present.
Comments: From a distance, this plant looks like it is dead, even when it is in bloom, resembling an elongated skeletal hand that has poked up from the ground. When examined up-close, however, it is an interesting plant with beautiful cream and purple-striped flowers and similarly colored stems. Beechdrops is a member of a small group of parasitic plants in the Broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). None of these species are very common in Illinois, and they should be protected in the areas where they occur. Other species in this family tend to be more stout and less branched than Beechdrops; they also produce larger flowers with similar tubular corollas (exceeding ½" in length). These species don't compete directly with Beechdrops because they are parasitic on the roots of plants other than American Beech; typical hosts are oak trees and various members of the Aster family.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is up to 1' tall, branching sparingly. It produces both basal and alternate compound leaves with a similar appearance. The stems are reddish green, hairless, and slender. The compound leaves are trifoliate and they have slender petioles. The terminal leaflet has a longer petiolule (basal stalklet) than the two lateral leaflets. These leaflets are up to 1" long and ¾" across. They are ternately lobed, cleft, and hairless. The white flowers occur individually or in groups of 2-3. Each flower spans about ¾" across, consisting of 5 petal-like sepals that are white, no petals, several slender stamens with yellow anthers, and a few green pistils in the center. The blooming period occurs during mid-spring and lasts about 3 weeks. Afterwards, the pistils are replaced by beaked follicles (seedpods that split open along one side) that individually contain several seeds. The root system is fibrous and occasionally small tubers are produced. Vegetative clones of the mother plant are often produced from these tubers; reproduction also occurs by the seeds. False Rue Anemone often forms dense colonies of plants. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to medium shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy soil with abundant leaf mould. Range & Habitat: The native False Rue Anemone is fairly common in the majority of counties in Illinois, otherwise it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include in rich mesic woodlands and low woodlands along streams where deciduous trees are dominant. This species can be extirpated from a woodlands by an invasion of Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) and non-native shrubs.
Faunal Associations: Except for visitors of the flowers, little is known about the floral-faunal relations of this species. The pollen of the flowers attracts medium- to small-sized bees and flies primarily, including Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp., etc.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), honeybees, Syrphid flies, and other flies. The bees collect pollen, while the flies feed on pollen. Occasionally various beetles also feed on the pollen, but they are less effective at cross-pollination. Some of these insects probably search in vain for nectar, as the flowers lack nectaries. The foliage of False Rue Anemone is rarely browsed by mammalian herbivores (personal observation). Photographic Location: A mesic deciduous woodlands at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: Another scientific name for False Rue Anemone is Isopyrum biternatum. This species blooms a little earlier than many other spring wildflowers in a woodlands, and it has attractive flowers and foliage. Two other members of the Buttercup family that occur in woodlands, Anemone quinequefolia (Wood Anemone) and Anemonella thalictroides (Rue Anemone), resemble False Rue Anemone. Wood Anemone has leaflets that are coarsely serrated along the margins and their lobes taper to sharp points; it also differs from False Rue Anemone by the whorl of leaves underneath its flowers. Rue Anemone also has whorled leaves underneath its flowers, otherwise its foliage is very similar to that of False Rue Anemone (which has alternate leaves along the stems). While Wood Anemone and Rue Anemone produce small clusters of beaked achenes (each containing a single seed within a hardened exterior), False Rue Anemone produces small clusters of beaked follicles that each contain 2 or more seeds. Sometimes the white flowers of Wood Anemone and Rue Anemone have more than 5 petal-like sepals, while the flowers of False Rue Anemone never have more than 5 petal-like sepals.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This wildflower is a spring annual about 4-16" tall; it branches occasionally and is more or less erect. The stems are rather thick and succulent, pale green to pale purple, and glaucous; they have widely scattered to dense tufts of long white hairs. The lower leaves are opposite, while the upper leaves are alternate; they are widely spreading. Each leaf is up to 4" long and 1" across; it is simple pinnate or pinnate-pinnatifid in structure and oblong-ovate in outline. There are 7-13 narrow leaflets (or narrow lobes) on each leaf; they can be opposite or alternate. Each leaflet has 3-5 large teeth or cleft lobes. The upper surface of each leaf is medium to dark green and hairy. At the base of each leaf, there is a stout petiole that is flattened on top and somewhat hairy. Individual flowers up to ¼" across are produced from the axils of the upper leaves; their pedicels are short, slender, and hairy. Each flower has a white or pale blue corolla with 5 petal-like lobes and a hairy green calyx with 5 large teeth. There may be fine purple lines within the interior of the corolla and tiny specks of purple on the petal-like lobes. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 1½ months. The flowers open up during the day; only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time. The corollas soon fall off, while the teeth of the calyxes become enlarged, spreading outward from their seed capsules. Each seed capsule is globoid, slightly bifid, and hairy; it contains 4 seeds. The seeds are brown, ovoid, and finely pitted. The root system consists of a taproot. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to light shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a fertile loamy soil with abundant organic matter. Most vegetative growth occurs during the spring; the foliage turns yellow and withers away during the summer. Range & Habitat: The native Aunt Lucy is occasional to locally common in most areas of Illinois, except the SE section of the state, where it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include deciduous woodlands, gardens and nurseries, partially shaded areas along buildings, and waste places. This wildflower prefers locations where the ground vegetation is scant as a result of overhead shade or a recent disturbance.
Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts various kinds of bees, including mason bees (Osmia spp.), little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Halictid bees, and Andrenid bees. Bee flies (Bombyliidae) are also attracted to the nectar of the flowers, while Syrphid flies feed mostly on the pollen. According to Ada Georgia in A Manual of Weeds (1913), the bruised foliage of Aunt Lucy has a rank disagreeable odor, therefore it is avoided by livestock and probably other mammalian herbivores. Photographic Location: The webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois, where this wildflower developed spontaneously. Comments: Aunt Lucy is an oddball member of the Waterleaf family. It is not very showy and often omitted from many wildflower guides. Aunt Lucy occurs in two quite different habitats: deciduous woodlands and disturbed areas where the ground is bare or lightly mulched. In the former habitat, it is one of our native spring wildflowers, while in the latter habitat it is a minor weed of nurseries and bare open ground in cities. The leaves of Aunt Lucy are fairly distinctive and help to distinguish it from many other kinds of plants. It resembles to some extent Floerkia proserpinacoides (False Mermaid), except the latter species has greenish flowers with only 3 petals and 3 sepals, and its leaflets (or lobes) are more narrow and smooth.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
冬天易过春难度，这是不少养花人的经验之谈，说的就是冬春之交，不少花因为养护上的小问题，导致花卉枯萎、落叶，最终香消玉殒……今天为大家介绍一下春季花卉常见病虫害。
春季气温乍暖还寒，且空气湿度大，农作物病虫害发生情况呈中等偏重程度，花卉的病虫害也较多，一般4～5月份危害较严重的有以下几种： 蚜虫木槿、碧桃、扶桑、月季、金银花等都容易受蚜虫的危害。随着气温的升高，蚜虫也日益增多。 防治方法： 1.40%的氧化乐果或多或50%的亚胺硫磷对水1200～1500倍后喷洒。 2.少量盆花还可喷70～100倍的中性洗衣粉液。 红蜘蛛 对茉莉、扶桑、文竹、月季、大丽花等从4月上旬开始危害。 防治方法： 1.可喷施速扑杀1000倍液。 2.少量盆花经常用自来水冲洗叶正、背面，或者喷、蘸经煮沸并冷却的100～150倍的面煳水，过一两天再用清水冲一次，可收到明显的效果。 介壳虫（花虱子）白玉兰、月季、黄杨、海桐上的介壳虫大都在4月中旬至5月中、下旬开始孵化。 防治方法： 1.在其孵化前人工轻轻地把虫体刷掉。 2.在幼虫孵化期喷洒40%的氧化乐果1000～1500倍液。 立枯病 当气温达到20℃时，新播种的花卉、树苗以及一些易烂根的花卉在土壤湿度大时极易发生立枯病。 防治方法： 1.播种前每苗用70%的五氯硝基苯1.5～4kg均匀拌在土壤里。 2.在小苗期控制浇水，勿使土壤过湿。 3.发病初，浇灌1%的硫酸亚铁或200～400倍50%的代森铵液，每平方米浇灌2～4kg药水。 锈病玫瑰锈病于玫瑰花含苞待放时侵害。 防治方法： 1.在玫瑰发芽时应及时将先萌发的黄色病芽摘掉烧毁，消灭传染病源。 2.在初侵害期喷洒15%的粉锈宁700～1000倍液。 白粉病 月季白粉病、凤仙花白粉病大多发生在5～6月，夏季易造成黄叶、枯叶、嫩梢弯曲等症状。 防治方法： 1.注意花卉的通风透光。 2.少施氮肥，多施些磷钾肥。 3.初染期喷1次15%的粉锈宁700～1000倍液即可。
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筒叶花月
筒叶花月
来自： 斑目
玉露
玉露
来自： 安静的种花人
玉露
玉露
来自： 石头剪子布
天津
玉露
玉露
来自： 绿野鱼悅
温州市
筒叶花月
筒叶花月
来自： Heidi Liu
玉露
玉露
来自： 一万吨少女心
筒叶花月
筒叶花月
来自： KiddaHoo
郑州
保利安娜
保利安娜
来自： 辣木姐--璐颖
玉露
玉露
来自： 倾心
福州
玉露
玉露
来自： 小欢喜
广州
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