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Miss Chen
2018年05月14日
Miss Chen
很多人喜欢在家养多肉植物盆栽，因为都肉植物实在是很可爱而且种类繁多。不过，多肉植物养护起来需要格外的用细心，一不小心就容易烂根，那么多肉植物根烂了怎么办呢？多肉烂根怎么办？
多肉烂根原因分析 首先找到烂根的原因，盆底无洞以及频繁浇水，土壤不透气，导致多肉盆内积水，于是多肉烂根黑腐坏。多肉烂根在一定程度上是浇水过多，或者是施肥过多造成的根系腐烂。当然造成多肉烂根的原因是多方面的，土质的单一也会造成腐烂，如果土透气，那么多余的水就会流下去，不会造成水淹，尤其是在夏季多雨的季节。水如果浇多了，会在一定程度上造成植物根系缺氧导致多肉烂根，还有就是浇水后通风不好，也是造成多肉烂根的原因。
多肉烂根处理方法 1、如果烂根情况比较轻微，可以用剪刀将烂掉的根系清理干净，注意，一丝一毫的烂根都不能留下。然后在伤口处涂抹多菌灵进行杀菌，根部晾干伤口后上盆。以后注意不能让盆内积水，干透才浇，浇则浇透。 2、如果烂根情况稍微偏严重，可以将叶片轻轻地剪下，将完全健康的叶片平放在土层表面，15天之后就可以生根发芽；也可以采用斜插法，这样出芽稍慢，能保证根系直接插入土中。要注意在这段时间，要避免强光，放在散光处甚至隐蔽处最为合适。 3、如果根茎都已经腐烂到很严重的程度，你可以截下半截多肉，重新扦插，作为一颗新的植株重新生长。最后，为了防止烂根，你可以在盆的底部铺上铺地石，如陶粒、火山岩，或者煤渣，方便根部透气。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月14日
Miss Chen
不夜城芦荟是常见的桌面小盆栽之一，养护可以说是完全没有难度，只要不是盆土长期潮湿（大半月），或者盆土长期干燥（两三月），植株基本不会死亡。适合室内明亮处养护，也可放在窗台半日照，甚至全日照露养都可以，过量光照可以使不夜城芦荟叶片变色。浇水，可快干透再浇透，也可以干透几天后再再浇透，非常随意。种植不夜城芦荟的配土也很随意，任何种植多肉植物的配土都可以，甚至园土也行，也有用来水培。 但是在养殖不夜城过程中，也会碰到不少问题，比如不夜城根部腐烂的问题，叶片变软等问题，下面收集了不夜城烂根的三种原因及解决方法。
不夜城烂根的原因 1、不夜城烂根：浇水不当 不夜城比较耐旱，之所以会烂根，可能是浇水不当。夏天要充分供水，其他季节要节制浇水，并且要注意盆土的排水是否通畅，或有无积水。基本上只要保持土壤湿润即可。浇水太多会导致积水，使根部腐烂。 2、不夜城烂根：施肥不当 不夜城烂根可能也与施肥有关。不夜城的适应性良好，不需要过多施肥，一般在生长期每月2－3次，并要施薄肥。其他要按季节来确定要不要施肥，但夏冬季节最好不要施肥，尤其是伏天，以免烂根。 3、不夜城烂根：土壤 不夜城喜欢生长在排水性能良好，不易板结的疏松的土质中，排水透气性不良的土质会造成不夜城根部呼吸受阻，烂根坏死，使不夜城生长不良。
不夜城烂根解决方法 1、要经常观察不夜城的生长状况，植株状态不好时，检查根部。 2、发现不夜城烂根，将烂了的那一部分根切除，然后把整棵不夜城从盆里挖出来在太阳下晒，直到它根部晾干，长好“伤口”以后再继续种就可以了。 上面提到不夜城芦荟烂根的三个原因及处理方法，这些方法都是经过实践检验的，实用性和参考价值非常高。需要花友们在日常管理中及时发现不夜城芦荟烂根的相关症状做到及早发现及早预防，只有这样你种植的不夜城芦荟才能正常生长。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月14日
Miss Chen
如果你找个大夫问他说：“大夫我咳嗽了，请问我得了什么病？”大夫百分百的不会直接回答你，而是要问这问那，然后帮你做一大堆检查，最后才告诉你，你是喝水喝呛了。 同样的，你若问我：多肉植物掉叶子，怎么回事？我也无法以直接回答你。所以今天就总结出三个主要因素导致多肉掉叶子。
多肉植物掉叶子原因一：黑腐病 经过大量的调查发现，花友的多肉掉叶子十之八九是黑腐病，具体的症状有，一觉醒来发现多肉掉了很多叶子;叶子轻轻一碰就掉；掉的叶子上有化水的情况(有的时候叶子看起来正常)。这些都是黑腐病的特点，比较前期的时候是看不出根茎有黑腐的症状的，需要切开才能发现，后期的时候就比较容易判断了。 防治办法 如果是黑腐病导致多肉植物掉叶子那么需要尽早的砍头扦插，这样或许还有的救，后期基本就没得救了。 多肉植物掉叶子原因二：正常的新陈代谢 这个比较容易判断，这种情况，大多只有底部的叶子掉，而且叶子叶子皱，不容易掉。
多肉掉叶子原因三：水大过涝 如果仅仅是因为水大了，那么很庆幸还没有发展到黑腐，因为水大的时候80%都会伴随着黑腐。 防治办法 这个时候需要通风，尽量的保持土壤干燥，比如用卫生纸吸干土壤水分，增加空气流动等，严重的，可以重新换盆。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月14日
Miss Chen
量天尺喜温暖湿润、阳光不太强的生长环境。适应于富含腐殖质、透水性能良好的沙壤土，忌粘重、贫疮积水的土质。量天尺不耐寒。在华南温暖地区。可露地栽植。在北方冷凉地区。冬季应有保暖措施。才能安全越冬。在保持土壤相对干燥的情况下，可耐4-8℃低温。
量天尺烂根原因分析 1、土壤不符导致烂根 量天尺对土壤的要求虽然不严，一般的培养土就能良好地生长。但是有一点就是土壤要疏松，透气，排水性要好。否则就会导致量天尺根部呼吸不畅，或是盆内有积水，以致烂根。 2、施肥不当导致烂根 量天尺施肥要讲究技巧，用肥不能过浓，过量，以免造成肥害而导致烂根。一般以薄施勤肥为佳。冬季休眠期，要停止施肥。因为气温较低时根系生长处于缓慢状态，所施肥料不能被根系所吸收，反而会妨碍根的正常吸收，严重时便会烂根。 3、浇水过多导致烂根 当量天尺浇水过多时，盆内过于湿润，根部呼吸不畅，容易导致量天尺烂根。
量天尺烂根解决方法 1、量天尺烂根时必须及时将腐烂的部分削掉，留下健康的部分，重新扦插。将伤口消毒，然后置于阴凉通风处晾晒2～3天，再用消毒过的净沙和花盆扦插。 2、将量天尺插入沙土里，浇一次透水，此后便要干透浇透，注意不能淋雨。 3、量天尺重新扦插后，要求放在通风处并接受充分光照。温度保持在25～30℃即可，不要施肥。约在30天至40天，即可长出新的根系。 4、在平时要注意做好量天尺的日常养护，合理浇水施肥，平时要注意多观察量天尺的生长状况，观察有没有烂根或虫害的情况，及时发现病变并作出应对措施。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月13日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous plant is a biennial or short-lived perennial. During the first year, several basal leaves are produced, but thereafter this plant bolts to produce flowering stalks about 4-8' tall. The central stem is light green, stout, terete with vertical ridges, more or less covered with spreading white hairs, and usually unbranched. The interior of the this stem is hollow. Widely spreading alternate leaves are located primarily along the lower half of the central stem, becoming smaller in size above. The lower to middle alternate leaves are ternately compound (divided into 3 leaflets); they are 8-20" long and similarly across in outline. The leaflets are 4-12" long and ovate or orbicular in outline; they are shallowly to moderately cleft into 3-5 lobes and coarsely toothed. The lobes of leaflets are ovate in shape; they have broad acute tips. The upper leaflet surface is grayish green, medium green, or yellowish green and rough-textured, while the lower leaflet surface is slightly more pale and hairy along the primary and secondary veins. The petioles of lower to middle leaves are 3-10" long, light green, hairy, and relatively stout (especially at the base). The petiole bases are partially enclosed by a pair of hairy membranous sheaths. These sheaths are light green, purplish green, or nearly white from abundant hairs. Upper leaves are usually simple, ternately lobed, and coarsely toothed; they are up to 4" long and similarly across. The lobes of upper leaves are lanceolate with acute tips. The upper leaves have petioles up to 2" long. The central stem terminates in a compound umbel up to 8" across. Additional compound umbels are produced from the axils of upper leaves on long peduncles (flowering stalks); these axillary umbels are up to 6" across. The compound umbels are more or less flat-headed. Each compound umbel has 8-30 rays that terminate in umbellets; each umbellet has 8-30 flowers. The rays of the compound umbels are 2-5" long, light green, and pubescent; the pedicels of the flowers are ¼–¾" long, light green, and pubescent. Individual flowers span a little less than ¼" across. Each flower has a light green calyx that is shaped like a saucer, 5 white petals, 5 stamens, and a whitish ovary with a pair of tiny styles. The petals are strongly incurved at their tips. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1 month. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by fruits (schizocarps); each fruit consists of a pair of seeds. Individual immature fruits are about 8 mm. (1/3") in length, 6 mm. (1/4") across, and somewhat flattened; they are elliptic-obovoid in shape, light green with white margins, and there are 4 vertical dark green veins toward the center of each flattened side. Mature fruits become tan to dark brown, and their lateral margins become flattened into wings; they are distributed to a limited extent by the wind before dividing into seeds. The root system consists of a taproot or a cluster of thick roots. This plant reproduces by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is full sun to light shade, moist conditions, and fertile soil containing loam, silty loam, or sandy loam. The size of individual plants can vary considerably. Some protection from strong wind is desirable. Because Cow Parsnip can irritate human skin, it is best to wear gloves while handling its foliage. Range & Habitat: The native Cow Parsnip is occasional in central and northern Illinois, while in the southern section of the state it is uncommon (see Distribution Map). Habitats include bottomland woodlands, terraces of floodplain woodlands, borders of woodlands, woodland openings, meadows in wooded areas, riverside prairies, thickets, streambanks, and partially shaded roadsides. Cow Parsnip can be found in both high quality natural areas and disturbed habitats.
Faunal Associations: The flowers of Cow Parsnip attract a large diversity of insects because of its easily accessed nectar and pollen. These floral visitors include honeybees, cuckoo bees (Nomada spp., Sphecodes spp.), plasterer bees (Colletes spp.), masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), Andrenid bees, Halictid bees, Sphecid wasps, Vespid wasps, spider wasps (Anoplius spp., etc.), Tiphiid wasps, Ichneumonid wasps, dark-winged fungus gnats (Sciara spp.), soldier flies (Stratiomys spp., etc.), Syrphid flies, dance flies (Empis spp., Rhamphomyia spp.), Tachinid flies, flesh flies (Ravinia spp., Sarcophaga spp., etc.), blow flies (Lucilia spp., etc.), Muscid flies, frit flies (Liohippelates spp., Olcella spp.), long-horned beetles (Strangalepta spp., Trigonarthris spp., etc.), tumbling flower beetles (Mordellidae), flower chafers (Trichiotinus spp., etc.), plant bugs (Miridae), and occasional butterflies (Robertson, 1929; Gosling, 1986). Some insects feed destructively on the foliage, fruit, and sap of cow parsnip. These insect feeders include the larvae of leaf-mining flies (Phytomyza spp., etc.), larvae of Euleia heraclei (Hogweed Picture-wing Fly), larvae of Depressaria pastinacella (Parsnip Webworm Moth), Orthops scutellatus (Carrot Plant Bug), Taeniothrips vulgatissima (Cow Parsnip Thrips), and such aphids as Aphis decepta, Cavariella aegopodii (Willow-Carrot Aphid), Cavariella pastinacae (Willow-Umbellifer Aphid), and Cavariella theobaldi (Willow-Parsnip Aphid); see Needham et al. (1928), Knight (1941), Stannard (1968), and Blackman & Eastop (2013). Some mammals feed on the flowers and foliage of Cow Parsnip, particularly in the western United States. There are records of bears, elk, deer, cattle, horses, and sheep feeding on this plant (Esser, 1995). However, when this plant is exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight, the foliage can become phytotoxic, causing blisters to form on the skin and possible irritation of the digestive tract (Georgia, 1913). This toxic side effect is the result of light-sensitive furanocoumarins. Cow Parsnip shares this characteristic with another species in the Carrot family, Pastinaca sativa (Parsnip).
Photographic Location: Border of a woodland along a road at Illinois Beach State Park in NE Illinois. Comments: Because of the large size of its compound umbels, Cow Parsnip is one of the best sources of nectar and pollen for a wide variety of insects, especially small bees, wasps, flies, and beetles. This plant can be distinguished from other species in the Carrot family primarily by its large size (up to 8' tall or more), large ternately divided leaves, and hairy foliage. Other scientific names of Cow Parsnip include Heracleum lanatum and Heracleum sphondylium montanum. The latter scientific name, Heracleum sphondylium, refers to European Cow Parsnip. This plant species has compound leaves with 3-7 pinnately arranged leaflets, while the Cow Parsnip of North America, Heracleum maximum, has only 3 leaflets per compound leaf. Both plant species are about the same size. A third species that is native to Eurasia, but has naturalized in parts of North America, is Heracleum mantegazzianum, or Giant Hogweed. This is a much larger plant that becomes 6-18' tall at maturity. The compound leaves of Giant Hogweed are also larger in size than the preceding plant species in its genus; they are pinnate-pinnatifid or pinnate-bipinnatifid with narrowly acute lobes.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月13日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 3-6" tall. It consists of a tuft of basal leaves that develops during the late spring and persists through the winter. These leaves are up to 3" long and across; they have slender petioles up to 6" long. Each leaf is palmately divided into 3 lobes; the lobes are oval-ovate and approximately the same size. The smooth upper surface of each leaf can be green, brownish green, reddish brown, or contain patches of the preceding colors; usually, the upper surface is more green during the summer, but become reddish brown during the winter. The leaf margins are smooth; for var. acuta, the tips of the lobes are rather pointed in mature leaves. A mature plant will produce a tuft of flowers on long stalks during early to mid-spring, by which time the basal leaves that persisted during the winter may have withered away. Each flower occurs on a naked hairy stalk about 3-4" long; this stalk is often reddish green or reddish brown. The flower may be erect or it may nod on its stalk. Each flower is up to 1" across, consisting of 5-11 petal-like sepals, a green cluster of carpels in its center, and numerous white stamens surrounding the carpels. The sepals are white, pastel pink, or pastel blue; each sepal is oblong-oval in shape. At the base of each flower, there are 3 leafy bracts that are lanceolate, ovate, or oval in shape. These bracts are reddish green or reddish brown, hairy across the outer surface, and shorter than the sepals. The blooming period occurs during early to mid-spring and lasts about 2-3 weeks for a colony of plants; however, individual flowers are short-lived. The carpels turn brown and become beaked achenes that are often pubescent. The root system consists of a tuft of fibrous roots. This plant spreads by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring and light shade during the summer. The basal leaves should be left undisturbed during the winter. The soil should be well-drained, loamy, and can contain some rocky material, including pieces of limestone; a thin-layer of decaying leaves is also beneficial. Range & Habitat: The native Sharp-Lobed Hepatica is occasional in wooded areas of central and northern Illinois; it is uncommon or absent in southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include upland deciduous woodlands, rocky bluffs, the slopes of bluffs, and limestone cliffs (where some shade occurs). Sharp-Lobed Hepatica occurs in high quality wooded areas where the original flora is largely intact. Sometimes it is cultivated as a rock garden plant. While Sharp-Lobed Hepatica is native to North America, the typical variety of Hepatica, Hepatica nobilis nobilis, occurs in Eurasia.
Faunal Associations: Small bees collect pollen from the flowers, while Syrphid flies and other flies feed on the pollen. Bee visitors include honeybees, Small Carpenter bees, Andrenid bees, and Halictid bees. Nectar is not provided by the flowers. Chipmunks reportedly eat the achenes. The brownish green basal leaves are poisonous and somewhat camoflaged; it seems unlikely that they are eaten by mammalian herbivores to any significant extent. Photographic Location: The photographs of the blue and white flowers were taken at Kickapoo State Park, Vermilion County, Illinois, while the photographs of the pink flowers and basal leaf were taken on a sloping bank of the Sangamon river in Allerton Park, Piatt County, Illinois.
Comments: The flowers of Sharp-Lobed Hepatica bloom earlier than most spring-blooming wildflowers of woodlands. They are delicately attractive and have a tendency to blow about on their slender stems in the wind. Another native variety of this plant species is Hepatica nobilis obtusa (Round-Lobed Hepatica), which has a very similar appearance, except that the lobes of its basal leaves are well-rounded rather than pointed. This latter variety is apparently restricted to NE Illinois. Sometimes these two varieties intergrade where their ranges overlap. Some authorities refer to Sharp-Lobed Hepatica as Hepatica acutiloba, while Round-Lobed Hepatica is referred to as Hepatica americana. Another common name for Hepatica is Liverleaf, which refers to the appearance and shape of the leaves.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月13日
Miss Chen
Description: This wildflower is a summer annual about 4-12" tall that is branched or unbranched. The stems are light green, terete, and pubescent. The opposite leaves are about 1" long and ¼" across; they are elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate in shape. The margins of the leaves are smooth or they have a few blunt teeth toward their tips. The petioles of the leaves are short and slender. The foliage of American Pennyroyal has a strong medicinal-mint scent. Small axillary clusters of 1-4 flowers are produced from the base of each middle to upper leaf. Each flower is about ¼" long and half as much across, consisting of a 2-lipped tubular corolla, a tubular calyx with 5 teeth, 2 stamens, and a 4-celled ovary with a single style. The corolla is white or blue-violet with a contrasting color near its throat. Along the outer rim of the corolla, there is an upper lobe, 2 lateral lobes, and a lower lobe; they are short and rounded (although not always well-defined). The hairy ridged calyx has 3 upper triangular teeth and 2 lower teeth that are slender-lanceolate. At the base of each flower, there is a pair of a leafy bracts; these bracts are at least as long as the flower. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early fall and lasts 1-3 months; individual flowers are short-lived. At maturity, each fertile flower is replaced by 4 nutlets. This wildflower reproduces by reseeding itself. It occasionally forms colonies at favorable sites. Cultivation: The preference is full sun to light shade, mesic to dry conditions, and soil that is rocky or loamy. Plants that are grown in sunny locations require more moisture than those growing in shade. Barren or disturbed locations that are largely devoid of ground vegetation are preferred, as this reduces competition from taller plants. Range & Habitat: The native American Pennyroyal is occasional to locally common throughout Illinois, except the NW section of the state, where it is less common (see Distribution Map). Habitats include dry upland woodlands, rocky woodlands, areas along woodland trails, rocky glades, areas along railroads, roadsides, pastures, and fallow fields. This species prefers areas (whether sunny or shaded) that have been subjected to some disturbance. Faunal Associations: Small bees pollinate the flowers, where they seek nectar and pollen. These visitors include little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Halictid bees (Augochlorella spp., Halictus spp., & Lasioglossum spp.), and the dagger bee Calliopsis andreniformis. Syrphid flies may visit the flowers occasionally, but they feed on the pollen and are less effective at pollination. The strong scent of the foliage protects this plant from mammalian herbivores.
Photographic Location: An upland area of Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: The most remarkable thing about this little plant is the strong scent of the foliage. Otherwise, it is rather easy to overlook. The only other species in this genus that occurs in Illinois, Hedeoma hispida (Rough Pennyroyal), has linear leaves and a milder scent; it also prefers sunnier habitats. American Pennyroyal superficially resembles Gratiola neglecta (Clammy Hedge Hyssop), but this latter species lacks any fragrance and its prefers soggy habitats (e.g., damp depressions in woodlands). Native pennyroyal species (Hedeoma spp.) have only 2 stamens per flower, while other similar species in the Mint family often have 4 stamens per flower. Because the flowers are so small, this requires a 10x hand lens to see clearly.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月13日
Miss Chen
Description: This biennial plant forms a rosette of leaves during the first year. During the second year, it becomes a rather lanky plant about 2-4' tall that branches occasionally. The stems have abundant white hairs; the lower central stem is often ribbed. The basal and lower leaves are up to 6" long and 3½" across; they are cordate-ovate or ovate with petioles up to 2" long. The upper leaves are lanceolate to elliptic and sessile, otherwise they are similar to the lower leaves. All leaves have smooth (entire) and slightly ciliate margins. The upper leaf surface is dark green and sparsely covered with short stiff hairs, while the lower leaf surface is medium green and more hairy, especially along the major veins. Both the lower and upper leaves alternate along the stems. The upper stems terminate in flowering racemes about 4-12" long; sometimes shorter racemes or individual flowers develop from the axils of the upper leaves. The stalks (peduncles) of these racemes are pubescent or hairy, and small leafy bracts may develop underneath some of the flowers. The pedicels of the flowers are pubescent or hairy and up to ¼" (6 mm.) in length. Each flower is about 1/8" (3 mm.) across, consisting of 5 petals and a pubescent green calyx with 5 slender teeth. The petals are white and well-rounded; less often, they are light blue. The blooming period occurs during the summer, lasting about 2-3 months. Only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time and they are fairly inconspicuous. The flowers are replaced by prickly subgloboid fruits (about 4-6 mm. across) that hang downward from short slender pedicels (one fruit per flower). Hooked prickles densely cover the surfaces of these fruits. The fruits are initially whitish green, but later they later become brown. Each fruit contains 4 nutlets. The root system consists of a taproot. This plant spreads by reseeding itself; it occasionally forms colonies.
Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to medium shade, mesic conditions, and a fertile loamy soil. However, this plant tolerates different kinds of soil and moisture conditions and it is quite adaptable. Range & Habitat: The native Stickseed is common in central and northern Illinois, and locally common to absent in the southern section of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to slightly dry deciduous woodlands, woodland borders, powerline clearances in wooded areas, thickets, and shady fence rows. Stickseed prefers disturbed wooded areas and it is rather weedy. This plant sometimes occurs in wooded areas where there has been a recent fire, as well as degraded wooded areas that are subjected to occasional grazing by cattle.
Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.) and Syrphid flies, particularly Syritta pipiens. A flea beetle, Longitarsus melanurus, feeds on the leaves of Stickseed and other members of the Borage family. The bitter foliage is avoided by deer and other mammalian herbivores. When there is an overpopulation of deer in wooded areas, Stickseed often becomes more common. The bur-covered fruits can cling to the fur of mammals and clothing of humans; by this means, they are introduced into new areas. Photographic Location: Edge of a wooded area at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: This is another woodland wildflower with small white flowers that blooms during the summer in shaded areas. The most distinctive characteristic of Stickseed (Hackelia virginiana) are the prickly fruits that hang downward from its slender racemes. Another species in the Borage family, European Stickseed (Lappula squarrosa), has similar racemes of prickly fruits. However, the prickles of its fruits are arranged in columns with spaces in-between. In contrast, the fruits of Stickseed are densely covered with prickles throughout. European Stickseed is shorter than Stickseed and its leaves are more slender. This introduced species prefers sunny areas, while the native Stickseed prefers wooded areas with some shade. An older scientific name for Stickseed is Lappula virginiana.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月13日
Miss Chen
Description: This small perennial orchid produces a low rosette of evergreen basal leaves. Individual leaves are 1½-2½" long and ¾-1½" across; they are ovate or broadly elliptic and smooth along their margins. There are 5-7 primary veins per leaf; they are parallel. These veins are interconnected through a network of secondary veins. Both the primary and secondary veins are accented in white, while the remaining leaf surface is dark green. The basal leaves taper abruptly to petiole-like bases that are short and winged, where they are also accented in white along their central veins. After several years, a spike-like raceme of flowers develops from the basal rosette that is 4-14" tall and more or less erect. The central stalk of this inflorescence is light green, glandular-pubescent, and terete. Along the lower two-thirds of its length, there are widely separated leafy bracts. These bracts are small in size (about ½" in length), linear-lanceolate in shape, and ascending to erect. Along the upper one-third of the central stalk, the small flowers are densely distributed, facing in all directions. The sepals and petals of these flowers (3 of each per flower) are white or greenish white, while their inferior ovaries are green and glandular-pubescent. The upper sepal and 2 lateral petals of each flower are merged together to form a hood with a slightly upturned outer rim, while the 2 lateral sepals are free and the lower petal forms an open pouch with a minute down-turned beak. These petals and sepals are 3.5-5.5 mm. long; the outer surfaces of the hood and lateral sepals are minutely pubescent. The ovaries are 6-8 mm. long, ellipsoid in shape, and ascending. At the bases of the ovaries, there are ascending floral bracts. These bracts are green, glandular-pubescent, linear-lanceolate in shape, and ascending; they are about the same length as the ovaries. The blooming period occurs during mid- to late summer, lasting about 3-4 weeks. There is no noticeable floral fragrance. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by seed capsules that become ovoid in shape and brown at maturity. At this time, these capsules split open into several sections to release their minute seeds to the wind. The root system consists of a shallow creeping rhizome with coarse fibrous roots. After flowering, this rhizome forms 1-3 clonal offsets. The clonal offsets become independent on their rhizomes, while the original rhizome dies. The evergreen basal leaves persist for at least 1½ years (at least 2 summers and 1 winter).
Cultivation: The preference is medium shade to dappled sunlight, mesic to dry-mesic conditions, and an acidic loose soil that contains loam, loess (wind-blown silt from a prior ice age), or glacial till with decaying organic matter. The site should be protected from drying winds and it should be relatively humid. The root system of this orchid benefits from an endomycorrhizal association with certain kinds of fungi. This orchid has been successfully cultivated indoors in terrariums (Ugiansky, 2010). It should not be collected from the wild, which can easily destroy local populations. Range & Habitat: The native Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain is uncommon in Illinois, occurring mostly in northern and southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include upland woodlands, north-facing wooded slopes, bluffs, large wooded ravines or sandstone canyons, sandstone glades, and woodlands damaged by logging. On rare occasions, this orchid has also been found in forested bogs. It is often associated with such canopy trees as oaks, pines, Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), or sugar maple (Acer saccharum). This orchid usually occurs in high Faunal Associations: The small flowers are cross-pollinated by bees, including bumblebees (Bombus spp.) and green metallic bees (e.g., Augochlora spp., Augochlorella spp.); see ILPIN and Homoya (1993) for more information. Aside from this, little is known about floral-faunal relationships for this orchid. The evergreen leaves may be browsed by deer and the rhizomes may be eaten by chipmunks or mice, but additional study of such potential threats is required. Photographic Location: A rocky bluff dominated by Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) at a nature preserve in east-central Indiana. Comments: While the flowers of Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain are rather small, the reticulated patterns of its basal leaves are very ornate and unique, making this orchid easy to identity. In spite of its common name, this orchid is not closely-related to plantains (Plantago spp.); its leaves have a shape that is similar to some of the common broad-leaved plantains. The common name is also inspired by the superficial resemblance of the leaves' reticulated patterns to the skin of a rattlesnake. The inflorescence of Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain resembles those of the Lady Tresses' Orchids (Spiranthes spp.), although they have dissimilar leaves. The flowers of the former orchid differ from those of the latter by the pouch-like structure of their lower lips, which is lacking in the flowers of Lady Tresses' Orchids. There are other orchid species in the Goodyera genus, but their ranges are located outside of Illinois, mostly to the north or northeast.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月13日
Miss Chen
锦晃星绝对是新手最值得入手的多肉之一，原因有三，一好养，二上色好看，三速成老桩，一个春天疯长成草，一个夏天老叶枯零，一个秋天叶片萌发上色，一个冬天梦幻老桩成型。甚至于只要一个秋天和一个冬天就够。在多肉圈，论谁老得最快，除了锦晃星，也想不到谁了。 下面要给大家一一分析锦晃星掉叶子、发黄、变软等养殖问题。
锦晃星掉叶子原因分析 第一种情况：可能是刚上盆，植株还处在适应期，属于正常的新陈代谢。 第二种情况：可能是水浇多了，浇水过多有时候会造成植株掉叶子的情况出现。 第三种情况：缺少光照导致的。 第四种情况：可能是烂根了导致叶子脱落。 针对上述四种情况，建议大家在平时的养护管理中，一定要把植株放到通风好、光照充足的地方，多晒一晒，浇水的话一般是干透才浇透，不要把水浇到叶片上，其次不要造成盆土积水，因为那样的话很容易烂根。如果发现烂根了，就马上用消毒的刀子把烂掉的根砍掉，然后涂上点多菌灵。另外养殖的土壤一定要透气疏松才好。
锦晃星叶子发黄怎么办 原因分析：锦晃星叶子发黄通常是因为浇水过多造成的。浇水过多，造成根部腐烂，加上通风不畅，叶片发黄脱落是必然的。另一个原因是缺少阳光，虽然锦晃星在半阴处可以生长，但叶缘及叶端的红色会减退，甚至消失。慢慢的因为缺少光合养分，叶子会变得暗淡无光。 解决方法：加强通风，减少浇水，根据盆土的干湿情况给水。及时补充阳光，除了夏季需要遮阴外，其他季节放在阳光下养护即可，光照的强度决定着叶片的着色程度。 锦晃星叶子变软怎么办 原因分析：排除养护不当的因素，锦晃星夏季会进入短暂的休眠期，底部的一部分叶片会干枯掉落，这个时候要减少浇水，并且不要雨淋。若养护不当，很容易下部的叶片很容易死光光。 解决方法：出现掉也在现象，首先你要检查叶子的完整程度，如果是将抗的叶片，可以直接用来扦插，如果不是，及时将枯叶清除干净。若是夏季落叶严重，不需要多管，减少浇水，过了夏天就会缓过来了！ 锦晃星是一种栽培较为普遍的多肉植物，其肥厚、多肉的叶片布满了细短的白色毫毛，叶缘顶端的红色鲜艳夺目，与冬季和早春绽开出的一串串橙红色小花交相辉映，异常美丽。盆栽点缀阳台、书桌、茶几，生动而有趣。锦司晃则较为稀有，多肉植物爱好者常作为品种收集、栽培。没有吸收辐射的功能。
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