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Miss Chen
2018年05月20日
Miss Chen
盆景的修剪就像是我们自己在日常生活中着装打扮是这个道理的，无论出于什么样的目的，我们的都是尽肯能的把自己友善，魅力的一面展现给别人，这对自己，对别人是一种尊重，更是对生活的信心，以及乐观向上的态度。然而对于盆景新手来讲，从未有一本书或者一个视频告诉你如何作盆景的修剪，这对盆景新手来说一点很苦恼。生长茂盛的盆景，如若审视不购完整，剪掉了不该剪的部分对谁来说也不是一件愉快的事。
树桩盆景用盆都比较小，有些还相当浅，没有充足的营养面积来满足花果类盆景大量开花结果的需要，因此，花枝和果枝千万不要留得过多，否则必然大量落落果并大大缩短观花观果时间.还会出现严重的隔年结果现象。为此，应根据树桩的大小和盆土的多少疏掉一部分或大部分花枝，特别不要让下垂的花枝遮挡树桩的主干，否则就不能称其为盆景了。 修剪花果类树桩时必须掌握它们的开花结果习性。西府海棠、垂丝海棠、火棘等多在短枝上分化花芽，因此应对长枝进行短截而保留一部分短枝，让它们开花。贴梗海棠、梅花、迎春、 碧桃等多在长枝上开花，因此对长枝不要短截过重，还可将过密的长枝从基部疏掉一部分，让花枝之间保持较大的空间，以防花枝过密而破坏造型。上述花木都是早春开花，要想促使其抽生新侧枝为来年开花做准备，切勿在秋、冬和来年早春进行重剪，否则会把花芽剪掉。 翠柏、真柏、桧柏、铺地柏的枝条下部，每年都会出现一些枯死的小侧枝，应当在5月中旬以前把它们全部剪掉。为了控制枝条的长度，可随时摘除冒出枝片的嫩梢。摘梢时不要用剪刀，特别对洒金柏、绒针柏、凤尾柏、孔雀柏等珍贵树种更应注意，
否则剪口不但变黑，还会向下干枯。 修剪丛林式盆景时主要是保持各组植株之间的比例关系，还要防止侧枝伸得过长而相互搭接，因此，每年都应进行多次短截和疏剔。各株丛之间的空档不应随着植株的生长而逐年缩小，株丛内的枝条也不应过密，这些都要通过修剪来实现。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月20日
Miss Chen
树桩盆景简称桩景是盆景的一种。常以木本植物为制作材料，山石、人物、鸟兽等作陪衬，通过蟠扎、修剪、整形等方法进行长期的艺术加工和园艺栽培，在盆钵中表现旷野巨木葱茂的大树景象，统称为树桩盆景。
选取姿态优美、株矮、叶形小巧、寿命长、耐修剪、抗性强、易于造型的植物，在不违背树木生长习性的情况下，抑制其生长，并进行造型加工。树桩盆景分为直干式、卧干式、斜干式等形式。 我国地域辽阔，在世界上享有园林之母的美称，植物资源极为丰富，加上盆景艺术历史悠久，古人对盆景树种的选择就非常考究，把它们分成以下三大类并冠以雅号。 (1)四大家包括金雀(锦鸡儿、柠条)、黄杨(小叶黄杨)、迎春(包括南迎春)、绒针柏(包括鹿角桧)。 (2)七贤黄山松、缨络柏、榆树、枫树、冬青、银杏、雀梅。 (3)十八学士桃花、梅花、虎刺、吉庆、构祀、杜鹃、翠柏、木瓜、腊梅、南天竹、罗汉松、西府海棠、凤尾竹、紫薇、石榴、六月雪、桅子。
近代园林工作者在原有基础上又发掘出一大批盆景植物，大体可分为以下四大类: (1)松柏类五针松、洒金柏、凤尾柏、绒针柏、孔雀柏、柳杉、铺地柏、锦松、黑松、真柏、桧柏等。 (2)花果类茶梅、贴梗海棠、金橘、拘骨、山植、拘子木、垂丝海棠、金豆、胡颓子、愉叶梅等。 (3)杂木类苏铁、朴树、矮棕竹、怪柳、福建茶、翡白竹、九里香等。 (4)藤本类非洲凌霄、常春藤、鸡血藤、爬山虎、万字茉莉(络石)、扶芳藤、紫藤、金银花等。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月20日
Miss Chen
青苔，有人喜欢有人烦，家里有盆景可是最喜欢有青苔了，郁郁葱葱，显得格外有生命力。盆景中的山石裸露在外面的时，看上去缺乏生气，好似干山枯岭，因此在国画技法上有“点苔”之说。山水盆景是立体构图，也应在制作完成后采取措施让石上长出青苔来。
最好的青苔叫葫芦鲜，它们质地细腻，颜色翠绿，苔层很薄，不会影响山石的质感和外形。这种苔醉生长在阴湿处，在花场荫棚下面的花盆盆面和盆壁上可以找到。它们是靠抱子繁衍的，当我们发现青苔上显现出微小黑色的粉粒时，说明抱子已经成熟，可将盆壁上的青苔刮下一点带回家中，把它研成粉末，再找一小块胶泥打碎后和成泥浆，与青苔碎末搅和在一起，再加水将胶泥浆对稀。与此同时用水把山石浸透，用软毛刷把拌有青苔的泥浆刷到山石上，上面蒙上白纸或塑料薄膜，放在室内背光处把盆水上满，山石上不久就会长出青苔来。 如果找不到青苔，周围的环境绿地较多，空气中很可能漂浮
有葫芦醉的抱子，可将山石浸人凉开水中泡上2一3天，让它充分吸水，再将厨房中浸泡过马铃薯的水或第二遍掏米水浇到山石上，也可将少许淀粉吹掸到浸湿的山石上，随后用粗眼纱布把山石蒙住，放在室外背阴处养护，大约10天左右即可长出青苔。 青苔平时应该细水勤浇。青苔长成后，更不能用大水直接冲击青苔。要随时随地地清除杂草。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月20日
Miss Chen
自然界的野生植物千恣百态，品种繁多。如被 洪水冲刷，风吹石压，樵夫刀砍，牧畜残踏的植物，都是树桩锦景的好素材。有些茎干苍老雄健，有的根须盘龙蛟错，翩翩如生，尤如猛兽；有的师法自然尤如立体的国画；有的悄加整枝，锯截、捆扎，就成一盆数十上百年的盆景佳作，价值昂贵。所以说大多数树桩盆景来于自然原野，山区有取之不尽的盆景材料，可供采集的树桩材料有：六月雪、金银花、福建茶、水杨梅、何木、赤楠等植物。
要想得到古老的树桩，最简便的办法就是到野外去寻找挖掘。在山间林下、峡谷溪畔以及岩石的缝隙间，因水土流失、光照不足、土层贫瘩，加上动物啃食，常有一些低矮的树木常年不长而成“小老头”状。它们的树形古朴、枝干扭曲、树皮开劈、残根裸露，但仍具有生命力，正好是我们制作树桩盆景的宝贵材料。将它们挖回后加工培养，能在较短的时间里化腐朽为神奇，从而制作出古朴典雅、造型奇特的名贵盆景来。 每年清明节前，当树木的新芽即将萌动又尚未萌动时，是进山挖掘树桩的最佳时机。发现可取的树桩后先要仔细端详，根据它的自然形态以及主干的延伸方向，参照前面所述的各种造型方式，将实物与插图对号人座，经过反复推敲，把不符合造型要求的多余枝条剪掉。然后刨开山石和泥土，将粗壮的主根砍断，尽量多保留一些侧根和须根;如果根团较大，可除掉根团外围的泥土，但要保留护心土，然后用湿草或蒲包把根团裹好装人箩筐。如果是落叶树种，则可少带根团土，搬运起来比较轻便。 树桩运回后，根据已经确定的造型方式进行第二次细致修剪，同时修剪根系，选择大小适中的泥瓦盆用素土上盆栽种。浇一次透水后放在荫凉处用湿草袋把树桩盖住，以减少树体蒸发。如遇风天应向草袋上喷水;盆土不干不要浇水，以防烂根。
4月中下旬树桩陆续萌芽，这时应将草袋揭掉，将它移到室外疏荫下，每天喷雾2-3次，防止回芽。一个月后当新梢开始延伸时再逐渐向阳光下转移。 当新梢长到5厘米以上时，应根据造型需要抹掉一部分顶梢和侧梢，同时少施一些薄肥，促进保留下来的枝梢茁壮成长。立秋以后，对那些生长较快的阔叶树种可摘掉枝条基部的一些叶片，然后进行蟠扎造型。针叶树种生长缓慢，应到来年夏末秋初再进行蟠扎。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月19日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 1-2½' tall, branching occasionally. The stems are light green to reddish purple, terete, and glabrous (var. longistylis) to hairy (var. villicaulis). The alternate leaves are ternately compound; the lower compound leaves are up to 9" long and 9" across, while the upper compound leaves are much smaller in size. Each compound leaf is divided into 3 compound leaflets; the terminal compound leaflet is the largest. Each compound leaflet is further divided into 3 subleaflets; the terminal subleaflet is the largest, sometimes appearing to be divided into 3 even smaller subleaflets. The subleaflets are 1-4" long, ½-1½" across, and lanceolate to oval-ovate shape in shape; their margins are coarsely serrated-crenate or shallowly cleft. The upper subleaflet surface is yellowish green to green and nearly glabrous (var. longistylis) to moderately covered with appressed hairs (var. villicaulis). The petioles of compound leaves are light green to reddish purple and up to 6" in length. The petiolules of leaflets are light green to reddish green and up to 2" long, while those of subleaflets are nearly sessile to ¼" (6 mm.) long. The foliage of this plant releases a mild anise fragrance when it is rubbed. The upper stems terminate in compound umbels of white flowers about 1½-3" across. There are about 3-6 umbellets per compound umbel on rays (floral stalks) up to 2" long. An umbellet has 7-16 flowers that are clustered together on rays (floral stalklets) up to ¼" (6 mm.) long. Each flower (about 3 mm. across) has 5 white petals with incurved tips, 5 white stamens, a pistil with a divided white style (stylopodium), and an insignificant calyx that is light green. At the base of each compound umbel, there are several linear-lanceolate bracts with ciliate margins; they are up to 8 mm. in length. At the base of each umbellet, there are several linear-lanceolate bractlets with ciliate margins; they are also up to 8 mm. in length.
The blooming period occurs during the late spring or early summer, lasting about 2-3 weeks. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by 2-seeded fruits (schizocarps). While these fruits are still immature, the persistent divided style is 2.0-3.5 mm. in length (it is smaller than this when the flowers are still in bloom). The small seeds are narrowly ellipsoid-oblanceoloid, 5-ribbed, and slightly bristly along their ribs. The root system consists of a cluster of fleshy roots with a strong anise fragrance. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight to moderate shade, moist to mesic conditions, and rich loamy soil with decaying organic matter. In a garden situation, this plant will probably thrive in a sheltered area underneath a deciduous tree.
Range & Habitat: The native Aniseroot occurs in most counties of central and northern Illinois, where it is occasional to locally common; in southern Illinois, it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). This map combines information for both varieties of Aniseroot; the typical variety is slightly more common than the hairy variety (var. villicaulis). Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands and gentle slopes of wooded ravines, where a variety of deciduous trees are dominant. Aniseroot can be found in average to high quality natural areas.
Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract small to medium-sized bees, wasps, beetles, and flies, including cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), mason bees (Osmia spp.), Halictid bees (Agapostemon spp., Augochloropsis spp., Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), Syrphid flies, bee flies (Bombyliidae), dance flies (Empis spp.), Tachinid flies, and Anthomyiid flies. The caterpillars of the butterfly Papilio polyxenes asturias (Black Swallowtail) feed on the foliage. The slightly bristly seeds may cling to the fur of mammals, the feathers of birds, and the clothing of humans to some extent, dispersing them to new locations. Photographic Location: A mesic deciduous woodland at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois.
Comments: Aniseroot (Osmorhiza longistylis) can be distinguished from many similar species in the Carrot family by the anise fragance of its foliage and roots. This species closely resembles Sweet Cicely (Osmorhiza claytonii) and they are often confused with each other. However, Sweet Cicely has only 4-7 flowers per umbellet, while Aniseroot has 7-16 flowers per umbellet. While the fruits of these two species are still immature, the persistent styles of Sweet Cicely are 1.0-2.0 mm. in length, while the persistent styles of Aniseroot are 2.0-3.5 mm. in length. The foliage and roots of Aniseroot have a stronger anise scent than those of Sweet Cicely, and its root can be used as a substitute for black licorice.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月19日
Miss Chen
Colony of Flowering PlantsDescription: This wildflower is a perennial, producing 1-5 erect flowering stalks about 3-8" tall. The flowering stalks are produced by a scaly short stem that is 1" or less in length; this stem is usually underground and only the flowering stalks are visible above ground. The short scales along the stem are highly modified leaves; they are oval to ovate in shape and somewhat thick and succulent. The flowering stalks are usually pale gray or grayish tan, terete, and hairy. At the apex, each stalk produces a single nodding flower about ¾–1" long. This flower has a tubular corolla with 5 spreading lobes and a short hairy calyx with 5 lanceolate teeth; the teeth usually have slender tips. The coloration of the calyx is usually similar to the flowering stalk. The corolla is white to lilac or a blending of these two colors (rarely is it purple, at least in the Midwest); it is covered with short fine hairs. Along the lower throat of the corolla, there is usually a patch of bright yellow hairs, although sometimes these hairs are cream-colored or white. Inserted within the corolla, there is an ovary with a single style and 4 stamens. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 2-4 weeks. In the absence of cross-pollination by insects, the flowers are self-fertile. Each flower is replaced by an ovoid seed capsule, that splits open to release minute seeds. These seeds are small enough to be blown about by the wind and they eventually sink into the crevices of the soil and ground litter. The root system is parasitic, developing feeder roots (haustoria) that attach themselves to the roots of a suitable host plant. One-Flowered Broomrape is holoparasitic and lacks chlorophyll; it is dependent on the host plant for nutrients. Cultivation: This wildflower is often found in moist rocky areas where there is some protection from the wind. However, it is also found in non-rocky soil. The presence of a suitable host plant is required before the seeds will germinate. The seeds germinate in response to the presence of chemicals in the soil that the developing host plant produces. In addition, a suitable fungus may be necessary to function as an intermediary between the seedling and host plant. Suitable host plants include Sedum spp. (Sedums), upland Saxifraga spp. (Saxifrage), Helianthus spp. (Sunflowers), Solidago spp. (Goldenrods), and probably other plant species. Transplanted specimens of One-Flowered Broomrape are unlikely to survive for very long. Range & Habitat: One-Flowered Broomrape is occasional in Illinois, except in the SE section, where it is rare or absent. This is the most common Orobanche sp. (Broomrape) in the state; it is native. Habitats include upland woodlands, rocky cliffs where some seepage occurs, the base of bluffs, rocky glades, and thickets. This species is usually found in high quality natural areas. Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by bumblebees and possibly other long-tongued bees. Charles Robertson (1929) observed the bumblebee, Bombus pensylvanicus, visiting the flowers for nectar. Aside from this observation, very little appears to be known about floral-faunal relationships for this species. Photographic Location: The photograph (Copyright © 2009) of Orobanche uniflora was taken by Lisa Culp in a wooded area of Somme Prairie Grove Nature Preserve in Cook County, Illinois. Comments: This unusual wildflower has a reputation of appearing unexpectedly in one area, only to disappear and reappear in another area of the same habitat. Most likely, this intermittent pattern results from the underground stems producing flowering stalks during some years, but not others. Unlike some other species in this genus, One-Flowered Broomrape produces only a single flower per stalk, rather than a spike-like stalk with multiple flowers. Only one other species in Illinois, Orobanche fasciculata (Clustered Broomrape), shares this characteristic. Clustered Broomrape has a longer scaly stem (2-4") that is also underground, from which 4-12 flowering stalks develop above ground. There is a tendency for the lobes of its flowers to be less spreading or more divided into 2 lips; One-Flowered Broomrape has flowers with spreading lobes and poorly defined upper and lower lips. The common name of this genus, 'Broomrape,' derives from an Orobanche sp. in Europe that is parasitic on Broom (Cytisus sp.) as a host plant. Other common names of Orobanche uniflora are 'Naked Broomrape' and 'Ghost Pipes.'
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Miss Chen
2018年05月19日
Miss Chen
Description: This wildflower is a winter annual or biennial about ½–1½' tall that is unbranched or branches occasionally. The stems are light green, terete or angular, and covered with long white hairs. The alternate leaves are ½–2" long and about one-third as wide; they are light green, oblong or oblanceolate, smooth and ciliate along the margins, and usually hairy on both the upper and lower surfaces. Each leaf has aFlowers & Upper Leaves prominent central vein. The leaves are mostly sessile against their stems; the lowest leaves taper to petiole-like bases. The central stem and upper lateral stems (if present) terminate in elongated racemes of small white flowers about 2-8" long. Each raceme has about 8-24 flowers on a hairy stalk; there are no bracts alongside the flowers. The flowers bloom toward the apex of each raceme, where it is typically curled like a scorpion's tail; the hairy ovoid fruits develop below. Each flower is 1/8" across, consisting of a white corolla with 5 rounded lobes, a hairy calyx with 5 lanceolate sepals, 5 stamens (inconspicuous), and a pistil. Sometimes the hairs of the calyx are hooked at their tips. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer and lasts about 2 months. The racemes become longer as their dry fruits (seed capsules) develop; these fruits have pedicels that are more or less erect. At this stage of development, the pedicels are a little shorter than their fruits. Each fruit contains 4 seeds. The root system consists of a taproot and secondary fibrous roots. This wildflower reproduces by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is full sun to light shade, moist to dry conditions, and barren soil containing sand, gravel, or clay. Most growth and development occurs during the spring. Range & Habitat: The native Spring Scorpion Grass is occasional to locally common in the southern half of Illinois, while in the northern half of the state it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include upland open woodlands, barren wooded slopes, areas along woodland paths, sandy savannas, sand prairies, fields, roadside embankments, and areas along railroads. This little wildflower occurs in barren areas where there is little ground vegetation – frequently where there is some history of disturbance. Occasionally, it is found in damp areas. Faunal Associations: Small bees and small butterflies visit the flowers for nectar. Robertson (1929) observed only two floral visitors: the Halictid bee Augochlorella striata and the butterfly Pontia protodice (Checkered White). The flea beetle Longitarsus melanurus feeds on the foliage of Spring Scorpion Grass and other species in the Borage family. LeConte's Sparrow and possibly other birds eat the seeds of this wildflower and the closely related Myosotis macrosperma (Big-Seeded Scorpion Grass); this was observed at Tucker's Prairie in Missouri. The hairy fruits can cling to the fur of mammals and clothing of humans; this helps to distribute the seeds to new locations.
Photographic Location: A wooded slope near Charleston, Illinois. Comments: This wildflower has small flowers and is fairly easy to overlook. In spite of its common name, Spring Scorpion Grass is a member of the Borage family, rather than the Grass family (Poaceae). This species is very similar to Myosotis macrosperma (Big-Seeded Scorpion Grass); sometimes they are considered different varieties of the same species. According to Mohlenbrock (2002), Spring Scorpion Grass has fruits with more erect pedicels and smaller seeds than Big-Fruited Scorpion Grass; in Illinois, the latter is restricted to a few southern counties. Another similar species is Buglossoides arvense (Corn Gromwell). Corn Gromwell has leafy bracts alongside its flowers, while the flowers of Spring Scorpion Grass (and other Myosotis spp.) lack such bracts. There are also several Myosotis spp. (Forget-Me-Not species) from Europe that occasionally escape from cultivation. These introduced species have blue flowers. Another common name of Myosotis verna is White Forget-Me-Not.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月19日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower typically consists of a cluster of unbranched erect stems about 3-9" tall. These stems are terete, white (sometimes tinted pink), translucent, fleshy, and hairless. The alternate leaves are scale-like and small; like the stems, they are white, translucent, and hairless. Each stem terminates in a single white flower about ½–¾" long that is nodding to nearly erect; this flower is narrowly bell-shaped, consisting of 2-4 sepals and 4-5 petals. The petals are longer and more persistent than the sepals. Within the interior of the flower, there are 10-12 stamens surrounding a stout style. The time of year when flowers are produced can be highly variable, extending from late spring into the fall. However, the blooming period for individual plants lasts only 1-2 weeks. The flowers produce no obvious floral scent. After the blooming period, the entire plant becomes dark brown or black, and each flower is replaced by an erect ovoid seed capsule about ½" long. This seed capsule is 5-celled and contains numerous tiny seeds, which are easily blown about by the wind after the capsule splits open. The root system consists of a mat of brittle fleshy roots. This wildflower is saprophytic and lacks chlorophyll in its tissues; it forms either a symbiotic or parasitic association with mycorrhizal fungi through its roots. Cultivation: Cultivating Indian Pipe is very difficult, if not impossible; plants that are transplanted from the wild are highly unlikely to survive. Abundant woodland humus and the presence of appropriate fungi are required for survival. Because Indian Pipe does not rely on photosynthesis, it can adapt to deep shade. Range & Habitat: Indian Pipe can be found at scattered sites throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map). In Illinois, habitats are largely restricted to rich deciduous woodlands in areas with abundant humus. These woodlands are typically dominated by either maples or oaks. Indian Pipe also occurs in woodlands where coniferous trees are present. This unusual wildflower is normally found in high quality woodlands. Faunal Associations: Information about floral-faunal relationships for this species is very limited. The flowers are cross-pollinated by long-tongued bees; such insects probably seek nectar. Bears may feed on the plants when they develop above the ground surface, or they may dig up and feed on the root mass (the latter behavior has been observed for Grizzly Bears in British Columbia). Indian Pipe is not known to be toxic.
Photographic Location: The photographs (Copyright © 2008) were taken by Paul and London Showers near Wilmot Woods in Lake County, Illinois. Comments: Because of its ghostly white appearance, some people may confuse Indian Pipe for a fungus. This species belongs to a small group of saprophytic flowering plants that have abandoned photosynthesis. A similar species, Monotropa hypopithys (Pinesap), also occurs in Illinois, but it is less common. Unlike Indian Pipe, Pinesap produces several nodding flowers on each stem; these flowers are arranged in a short raceme. Pinesap is more likely to be tinted different colors (including bright red), and it is often pubescent.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月19日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 2-8" tall. It is ascending to erect with either unbranched or sparingly branched stems. The slender stems are light green, terete, and usually short-pubescent. There are pairs of opposite leaves at intervals along these stems. The leaves are ½-1¼" long and about one-third as much across; they are medium green, glabrous above, and either glabrous or short-pubescent below. The leaves are oblong-elliptic to broadly oblong-elliptic in shape and smooth along their margins; they are either sessile or have short petioles (1 mm. in length). The stems terminate in small clusters of 2-5 flowers (less often individual flowers). In addition, axillary clusters of flowers may originate from the upper two pairs of leaves. Individual flowers are up to 1/3" across (8 mm.), consisting of 5 white petals, 5 light green sepals, a light green superior ovary with 3 styles, and 10 stamens. The widely spreading petals are oblong-elliptic in shape and about twice as long as the sepals. The sepals are lanceolate to ovate with blunt tips and either glabrous or short-pubescent. The very slender pedicels are up to 1" long and usually short-pubescent. The blooming period occurs during late spring to early summer and lasts about 1 month. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by ovoid seed capsules about ¼" long. Along the upper rim of a mature seed capsule, there are 6 recurved teeth. Each seed capsule contains only a few seeds that are about 1 mm. in length, reniform and somewhat flattened in shape, and smooth along their outer surfaces. Attached to each seed, there is a spongy food appendage (elaisome). The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. Clonal offsets often develop from the rhizomes, forming small colonies of plants. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to light shade, moist to dry-mesic conditions, and soil that is loamy, gravelly, or sandy with decaying organic matter. Range & Habitat: The native Grove Sandwort is uncommon in the northern half of Illinois, while in the southern half of the state it is absent (see Distribution Map). Illinois lies along the southern range limit of this species, which has a circumboreal distribution that includes North America, Europe, and Asia. Habitats consist primarily of open woodlands, sandy oak woodlands, woodland borders, and gravelly or rocky borders of streams in wooded areas. Less often, this wildflower occurs in meadows and prairies as an understory plant. Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers probably attract small bees (Halictid, Andrenid) and flies (Syrphid). Otherwise, little is known about floral-faunal relationships for this species.
Photographic Location: The wildflower garden of the webmaster in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This is a delicate and attractive small wildflower that can be easily overlooked. Across local populations of plants, there is some variability in hairiness of the foliage and width of the leaves. Grove Sandwort can be distinguished from similar species in the Pink family by the shape of its leaves, the characteristics of its flowers, and the number of teeth of its seed capsules. Unlike chickweeds (both Stellaria spp. & Cerastium spp.), Grove Sandwort has petals that are neither notched at their tips nor deeply bifurcated. Its flowers are similar to those of Minuartia spp. (Sandworts), but it has wider leaves than the latter and its seed capsules have 6 teeth, instead of 3. Grove Sandwort is also similar to Arenaria serpyllifolia (Thyme-Leaved Sandwort), but its leaves are more long and narrow in shape. Grove Sandwort differs from all of these species by the food appendages (elaisomes) that are attached to its seeds. This is a highly unusual characteristic for a species in the Pink family. A scientific synonym of Grove Sandwort is Arenaria lateriflora.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月19日
Miss Chen
墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开。遥知不是雪，为有暗香来。梅花是中国十大名花之首，与兰花、竹子、菊花一起列为“四君子”，与松、竹并称为“岁寒三友”。在中国传统文化中，梅以它的高洁、坚强、谦虚的品格，给人以立志奋发的激励。在严寒中，梅开百花之先，独天下而春。
梅原产中国南方，已有三千多年的栽培历史，无论作观赏或果树均有许多品种。许多类型不但露地栽培供观赏，还可以栽为盆花，制作梅桩。鲜花可提取香精，花、叶、根和种仁均可入药。果实可食、盐渍或千制，或熏制成乌梅人药，有止咳、止泻、生津、止渴之效。梅又能抗根线虫危害，可作核果类果树的砧木。 危害梅花植株的害虫有十多种,最常见的有梅毛虫、蚜虫、介壳虫。下面介绍一下这三种害虫的特征及防治方法。
梅毛虫 梅毛虫头部蓝灰色,有两个黑斑,背上有黄白色背线,身体两侧各有2条黄色纹,身上有许多黄白色长毛,一般有5厘米长。幼虫常在小枝上吐丝,食害梅花新芽、嫩叶,长大后分散在全株,蚕食叶片,严重时树叶会被全部吃光。防治梅毛虫可在其幼龄时喷洒1000倍杀螟松。 蚜虫 蚜虫主要危害梅树嫩茎及嫩叶,吸食植物营养。梅树受害部位常出现粘液,叶片变色、皱缩反卷、枯萎,严重时可造成整株死亡。可喷40%的氧化乐果1000倍水溶液防治,也可用80%敌敌畏兑2000倍水进行喷杀,喷洒2次～3次即可消灭。 介壳虫 介壳虫又称介虫或球坚蚧,成虫体近球形,初时介壳质软,黄褐色,后变为黑褐色,体表有许多黄白色、黑褐色相间的横纹。介壳虫在初春开始活动,吸取植株汁液。受害病株叶片发黄枯萎、脱落。同时,介壳虫排泄的糖液还能诱发其他病害。可用人工刮除和喷施药物结合防治。药物可用80%的敌敌畏乳油剂兑1500倍水喷洒,也可用60%的可湿性乐果粉剂兑1200倍水喷洒。
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