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Miss Chen
2018年05月08日
Miss Chen
任何一件艺术作品都要有一个与之相协调的环境，插花作品与环境的配合也十分重要。插花装饰需依环境及场合的性质而定，不同场合和对象要用不同的花材。如盛大集会商厦、酒楼开业，以及宴会厅等隆重场合的喜庆用花，花材色彩要鲜艳夺目，花形硕大，以展示热闹、有气派：反之，哀悼场面要用花宜淡雅、素净如白色、黄色花材，籍以寄托哀思。应用插花来烘托气氛、渲染环境，能起到画龙点睛的作用。下面就为大家简单介绍一下新娘花束与礼仪花束。 花束在社交、庆典活动中应用很多，通常分以下两种类型：
(1)礼仪花束 主要用于迎来送往和庆贺活动中。其主要造型有扇面形、三角形、圆锥形、半球形及自由式图形等。花材应选择品质优良、无刺激性、无污染，并且花期持久的种类。色彩以鲜艳明快为宜。插作时应昼避免使各花枝排成扁片或集取成团，前者呆板，后者杂乱。不管什么造型，要保持花束上部花枝自然，下部尤其是握把部分要圆整紧密，才符合要求。因此，插作时务必使每一花枝都按“以右压左”的方式重叠在手中，各枝相交在一点上，呈自右向左转的螺旋状的轴，然后用绳绑扎交点处。这样，花束造型不易走样。
(2)新娘花束 也称新娘捧花。是专为新娘结婚时与穿婚纱礼服相配的一种花束，十分盛行。主要造型有圆形、倒L形，放射形、倒垂形以及各种自由式图形。目前国内仅有圆形和倒垂形两种。花材选用要求更精致、常用月季、百合、马蹄莲、香石竹、霞草等。色彩搭配以协调、典雅的单一色或类似色为多。 新娘拜花的造型配色以及包装彩带等，都应当与新娘的体形、脸形、气质、服饰等协调一致。譬如身材修长的新娘，应选用圆形捧花;身材较矮胖者，宜选倒垂形捧花;端庄文静的新娘宜选圆形或倒垂形捧花;外向活泼的新娘宜选用自由式造型的花束。花色都应与婚纱礼服相协调，不宜多用对比色相配。彩带应与主花色相协调。 花束加包装纸和彩带十分重要，如同好花必有绿叶扶一样。国外对此制作考究，多为印花透明包装纸或罩以透明塑料袋等。 花束的花材固定有两种方法：一种是用细铁丝绑扎。每一枝花、每一片衬叶，都用缠上绿胶带的细铁丝缠好后再造型。另一种是用专用花托，内有花泥，将花依造型插入花托内，此法比较简便省事。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月08日
Miss Chen
在插花过程中较长较组的枝我们很容易将其固定，那么那些较细，较软的枝条该怎么固定呢？
●细弱的枝条和花梗易倒伏，应该怎么固定？ 一般插上铜针的密度有限，过于细弱的枝条和花梗，如波斯菊、文竹、麦穗等单支插上容易倒伏。要固定它们，可以采用下述几种办法： (1)缠铁丝或卷纸法。即在细梗基部缠丝或卷纸。 (2)加固法。在枝梗基部加固一段短粗枝条，然后一起插在花插上。 (3)接枝法。先将细枝梗插入一段粗而易吸收的茎内，然后将茎段插在花插上。 (4)绑扎法。将几支细枝梗聚集在一起，绑扎后插于花插上。 (5)花泥固定法。特殊阔口高身容器，不易支撑花材，可用花泥固定。
●粗大的枝条插在花插上难以插稳立直，应该怎样固定? 可用2-3个花任，相互错开咬在一起凤增加支撑力，然后再插枝条;或将枝条基部钉在一木板上,再放入浅盆内，木块上用石块住。
●如果没有花插和花泥，插花时，怎么才能固定花材? 花插和花泥在插花中起固定和支撑花材的作用，并且只有在盘、盆、篮等浅身花器中，瓶插不用它们。如果没有花插和花泥，可以想法寻找代用品，例如用卵石堆积成花插用重的石块将萝卜压住;用铁丝绕成乱团，放在容器中，将花枝插入铁丝空隙中;用掺水和好的胶泥土固定花枝，上海花店在插花篮时常用它代替花泥;插干花和绢花时还可用聚乙烯泡沫塑料板代替干花泥等。总之，代替花插、花泥固定花材的用具和方法很多，可因地制宜加以选用。但不管哪种代用品和方法，都必须真正起到稳定、支撑花材的作用，同时又不影响美观，不损伤容器和花材。
●用瓶插花，如果没有花泥和花插，如何固定花材? 大插花中，瓶花的固定比较困难，但只需掌握住要领和技巧，不断实践，不审不难学会的。插作时主要借助瓶壁的支撑力量和花材之间的依附关系来固定，所以关键是设法使枝条在瓶壁四周和底产或在瓶内空间有各自的支撑点。通常主要采用以下办法固定： (1)贴壁支撑法。利用枝条切口部分紧贴瓶壁，上端贴瓶口。 (2)反弹力支撑法。利用将花枝折弯曲入瓶内的弱弹力支撑。 (3)分隔瓶口支撑法。 (4)分隔瓶人空间支撑法。一些玻璃容器内壁光滑不易支撑或异型容器可用此法。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月08日
Miss Chen
除造型外，花色的搭配也是插花中非常重要的一门课程，花色具有一定的感染力，就算你的造型做的在完美，若花色不协调，那么它还是会变成一件失败的作品。花色也是插花作品中成败的关键之一，同时也是提现花艺师水平的一个关键。下面小编就花色的种类、给人的感觉以及常见花色组合这几个方面给大家详细介绍一下。
●色相的种类 原色。指能混合成其他色彩的颜色。有红、黄、蓝三原色。 间色。用三原色中的任意两色混合而成的颜色。如橙色由红色与黄色混合而成;绿色由黄色和蓝色混合而成;紫色由红色和蓝色混合而成。 复色。指由两间色混合而成的颜色。具有缓冲调和作用。如橙绿色由橙色与绿色混合而成;紫绿色由紫色与绿色混合而成;橙紫色由橙色与紫色混合而成。 补色。一原色同另外两原色的间色之间为互补色，每对互补色都为一明一暗、一冷一热的对比色。如经和绿、黄和紫、蓝和橙。 每一色相都有不同的明度(明暗、深浅变化)和不同的纯度(饱和度)。一般原色的明度和纯度最高，间色次之，复色最低。明度、纯度愈高，则颜色愈明亮、鲜艳，反之则愈灰暗。
●色彩的感觉 不同色彩给人以不同的反映和感受，如色彩的冷暖、远近和轻重等，这是人们长期生活实践的结果。人闪对色彩的感觉分为三类： 冷色系。白、紫、蓝色容易使人联想到水、冰和雪，从而产生冷凉之意。 暖色系。红、橙、黄色容易使人联想到太阳与火、从而产生温暖、热烈之意。 温和色系。介于冷暖色系之间的颜色，如绿、灰、金、银、黑等色，它们常起缓冲调和作用。
●花色搭配的要点。 花色搭配实质上是处理不同花色之间的协调与对比、多样与统一的关系问题，因此首先应当遵照上述两条法则的要求进行搭配。 在这个问题上，应特别强调必须引起注意的是： A.每件作品中，花色相配不宜过多，否则容易产生眼花缭乱之弊，一般以1-3种花色相配为宜。 B.多色相配应有主次。如果礼仪用花要求喜庆气氛浓烈，选用多色花材搭配时，一定要有主次之分，确定一主色调，切忌各色平均使用。 C.除特殊需要外，一般花色搭配不宜用对比强烈的颜色相配。如红、黄、蓝三腺色，各自的明度、纯度都很最高，相配在一起，虽很鲜艳、明亮、但容易刺眼，应当在它们之间穿插一些复色的花材或绿叶，以起缓冲作用。 D、不同花色相邻之间应互有穿与呼应，以免显得孤立和生硬。花色搭配最重要的一点是以色彩相和为佳，和则生动、神气。具体搭配应根据插花的使用目的、环境的要求以及花材容器条件酌情组合。
●常见的花色组合。 A.单色组合。选用一种花色构图，可用同一明度的单色相配，也可用不同明度(浓、淡)的单色相配。如现代西方婚礼用花喜用白色新娘捧花和白色婚纱，极富纯洁高雅之趣。 B.类似色组合。类似色组合。类似色组合，就是色环上相邻色彩的组合(即色环上任何90°夹角内三角组合)。由于它们在色相、相度、纯度上都比较接近，互有过渡和联系，因此组合一起容易协调，显得柔和典雅，适宜在书房、卧室、病房等安静环境内摆放。 C.对比色组合。也就是色环上两对应之色彩的组合，即互补色之组合。如红与绿、黄与紫、橙与蓝，都是具强烈刺激性的互补色，它们相配容易产生明快、活泼、热烈的效果。此种对比色组合，西方古典插花中最为常用，礼仪插花也常使用。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月08日
Miss Chen
插花造型中花束的长短并不是随意定义的，主枝、副枝、次副枝的长度与角度都是有一定比例的，这样设计出来的造型才会更加协调。下面就详细为大家介绍一下主枝、副枝、次副枝长度及角度。
插花造型可以喻意为天、人、地的组合。天，代表主枝条，喻意精神境界;地，代表副枝条，喻意物质;人，代表次副枝条，喻意天地空间、调和天地。可以用线段长度来表示： 主枝： 为天的长度=1/2，相当于容器高度加宽度，是最长的线段。 副枝： 为人的长度=3/4，人长是中长的线段。 次副枝： 为地的长度=3/4，地长是最短的线段。 天、人、地三者定位之后，其余可为附加补充部分，花、叶均可，数量没有限制，只是避免匀称，防止刻意呆滞。补充部分最长的花枝不应超过主花枝的2/3，其余可稍长短不一。
主枝要与高瓶成一定的比例，若比例不当，会出现小孩戴大人帽，或大人戴小孩帽的形象。天的主度也即主枝长度应是容器高度加宽度的总和之一倍半。如果是大型插花，这一比例可适当增加至两倍，而小型插花，其比例也可相应减少到一倍，即相当于1：1的比例，高瓶插花的花枝长度，应以露出瓶口的部分计算。 天、人、地三者之间互成的角度，以垂直的0度比开始，依次为10度、45度、75度，这此无须度指的是天、人、地顶部与中线所成的角度。可在180度范围内作倾斜。因为插花一般从正面欣赏，所以只照顾前面，不考虑背后。自然界的花也都是朝南向阳，插花也可以仿此设计造型。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This biennial plant is about 1–2½' tall, branching occasionally. The stems have a tendency to zigzag between leaves; they are light green, terete, and both short-pubescent and hairy. The alternate leaves are up to 6" long and 6" across. The lower leaves are pinnately cleft into 5 lobes; they are longer than wide, dentate along their margins, and slightly hairy. The earliest of these lower leaves have patches of greyish white or light green toward the middle of their upper surfaces, providing them with a water-stained appearance. The middle to upper leaves are orbicular and cleft into 5 lobes, resembling maple leaves; they are dentate along their margins and slightly hairy. The petioles of these leaves are rather long and stout; they are both short-pubescent and sparsely hairy. The upper stems terminate in floppy cymes of flowers. These flowers are about ¾" across when they are fully open, becoming more erect while in bloom. Each flower has a lavender or pale purplish pink corolla that consists of 5 spreading petals. At the base of this corolla, there is a hairy green calyx with 5 narrowly triangular teeth. Between each pair of teeth on the calyx, there is a short appendage that is strongly recurved. Toward the center of the corolla, there are 5 stamens with light to medium brown anthers and a slender white style that is divided toward its apex. The peduncles and pedicels of the cymes are light green, terete, and both short-pubescent and hairy; the peduncles are up to 6" long, while the pedicels are up to 1" long. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer, lasting about 3 weeks. Each flower is replaced by a 2-chambered capsule containing several seeds. The root system consists of a taproot. This plant spreads by reseeding itself.
Cultivation: The preference is light dappled shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy soil containing abundant organic matter. Sometimes this plant succumbs to fusarium wilt and other wilt-causing fungi. In spite of its biennial habit, it is possible to maintain this plant in a woodland flower garden as it reseeds itself readily. Range & Habitat: The native Great Waterleaf occurs occasionally in central and northern Illinois; it is less common or absent in the southern and extreme NW areas of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands, woodland borders, areas adjacent to woodland paths, shaded or partially shaded seeps, and shaded or partially shaded areas along rivers. This woodland wildflower begins to bloom after the leaves of the trees have partially developed.
Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract various kinds of bees, including honeybees, bumblebees, mason bees (Hoplitis spp., Osmia spp.), digger bees (Synhalonia spp.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), and Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp., etc.). An Andrenid bee, Andrena geranii, is a specialist pollinator (oligolege) of Hydrophyllum spp. Other insects that visit the flowers include Syrphid flies, dance flies (Empis spp.), butterflies, and skippers. Except for these flower visitors, surprisingly little appears to be known about floral-fauna relationships for this species. White-Tailed Deer probably browse on the foliage. Photographic Location: A woodland flower garden on the campus of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois, and a deciduous woodland at Pine Hills State Nature Preserve in west-central Indiana.
Comments: Great Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum appendiculatum) is one of the more common Hydrophyllum spp. within the state and its flowers are the most attractive. This species has hairy stems and calyxes, and some of its leaves resemble maple leaves. A distinctive characteristic consists of the small recurved appendages between the teeth of its calyx, hence the "appendiculatum" in the scientific name. Other Hydrophyllum spp. lack these strongly recurved appendages and they have less showy flowers. Virginia Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginiana) and Canada Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum canadense) have less hairy stems, while Large-Leaved Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum macrophyllum) lacks cleft orbicular leaves that resemble maple leaves. The leaves of this latter species are always longer than broad, and they are pinnately divided to an even greater extent than the lower leaves of Great Waterleaf.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about ¾-1' tall and unbranched. A typical plant produces a single basal leaf on a long hairy petiole and a flowering stalk with a pair of cauline leaves near its apex. However, not all plants produce flowers. The central stalk is light green to reddish green, terete, rather stout, and quite hairy. One cauline leaf is sessile, while the other cauline leaf has a short petiole up to 2" long. The petioles of the basal and cauline leaves have characteristics that are similar to the flowering stalk. The basal leaves are up to 10" long and 10" across, while the cauline leaves are up to 8" long and 8" across. Both types of leaves have about 5 palmate lobes and their margins are doubly serrated and shallowly cleft. During the blooming period, these leaves are wrinkled, hairy, and smaller in size, but later in the year they become more smooth, less hairy (or even glabrous), and full-sized. The color of the leaves may change from yellowish green during the spring to medium-dark green during the summer. A flowering plant produces a single terminal flower on a short pedicel (up to 2" long); this pedicel is similar to the central stem in its characteristics. The flower is about ¾" across, consisting of 3 deciduous sepals, no petals, approximately 40 spreading stamens, and approximately 10 clustered pistils in the center. The greenish white sepals drop early and they are not present while the flower is in bloom. The stamens have white filaments and yellow or greenish yellow anthers. The slightly flattened pistils have short beaks and they are initially pale green. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring and lasts about 2-3 weeks. By mid- to late summer, the pistils have been replaced by a small tight cluster of bright red berries. Each berry contains 1-2 black shiny seeds. The root system consists of knotty yellow rhizomes and fibrous roots. This plant reproduces by clonal offsets from its rhizomes and by seed. It occasionally forms small colonies.
Cultivation: This plant prefers dappled sunlight during the spring and light to moderate shade during the summer. It prefers moist to mesic conditions and a fertile loamy soil with an abundance of leaf mould. Wild plants are little bothered by disease, although stressed out cultivated plants can be attacked by leaf blight and other diseases. Slugs eat seedlings and the foliage of mature plants, while root knot nematodes occasionally attack the root system. Starting plants from seeds is slow, while vegetative propagation from rhizomes is easier and faster. Range & Habitat: The native Goldenseal occurs occasionally in scattered counties throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map), although populations have been declining because of habitat destruction and over-collection of the rhizomes. Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands, wooded bluffs, and areas along woodland paths. A limited amount of disturbance is beneficial when it reduces excessive shade from the overhead canopy.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by small Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp.) and masked bees (Hylaeus spp.) primarily; they are also visited by Syrphid flies and larger bees (Sinclair et al., 2000). Presumably birds or small mammals eat the berries and help to distribute the seeds, but little specific information is available about this. Little is known about the attractiveness of the foliage as a food source to mammalian herbivores, although it is probably toxic to them like most members of the Buttercup family. Photographic Location: A deciduous woodland in Vermilion County, Illinois.
Comments: Goldenseal has a unique appearance because of the wrinkled palmate foliage (while young), unusual petal-less flowers, and beaked red fruits. As a result, it is easy to identity at either the flowering or fruiting stage. The biggest threat to this species is over-collection of the rhizomes for herbal medicine; these rhizomes can sell for $100/lb. on the wholesale market. They contain the alkaloids hydrastine, berberine, and canadine. Hydrastine is used for feminine complaints, berberine has anti-bacterial and anti-protozoan properties, and canadine is a sedative and muscle relaxant. Under the CITES convention, it is illegal to export the rhizomes and other parts of rare wild-collected plants in the United States. The common name of this plant refers to the yellow rhizomes.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This shrub is 3-8' tall, producing unbranched canes that are erect. Young tips of the central cane are light green and sometimes pubescent, otherwise the cane is woody with gray to brown bark. With age, this bark tears off into multicolored sheets, providing it with a tattered appearance. Pairs of opposite leaves occur at intervals along each cane. These leaves are about 4-6" long and 3-5" across; they are oval-ovate or oval-cordate and serrated along their margins. The upper surface of each leaf is medium to dark green and hairless, while the lower surface is pale green and either hairless or sparsely pubescent. The slender petioles are 2-6" long and either hairless or pubescent. Each cane terminates in a flat-headed panicle (or compound cyme) of flowers about 3-6" across. In the center of the panicle, there are numerous fertile flowers that are very small in size, while around the outer margin of the panicle there are a few sterile flowers that are larger in size (about ¾" across). However, sterile flowers are occasionally absent in some populations of wild plants. Each fertile flower has a short light green calyx with insignificant teeth, 5 tiny white petals less than 1/8" (3 mm.) long, 8 or 10 stamens with long filaments, and a pistil with a pair of styles. The fertile flowers are either greenish white or cream-colored. Each sterile flower has 3-4 petaloid bracts that are large and white. The branches of the panicle are dull cream-colored and usually pubescent. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer. The fertile flowers are in bloomDistribution Map for only a short time, while the sterile flowers remain attractive until the autumn. Each fertile flower is replaced by a small 2-celled seed capsule about 1/8" (3 mm.) across that has a pair of tiny curved horns on its upper surface. The sides of the capsule are ribbed. Each capsule contains many tiny seeds that are flattened; they are small enough to be blown about by the wind or carried by currents of water. The root system can develop clonal offsets from underground runners. As a result, colonies of plants are often formed. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight to light shade, consistently damp conditions, and a moderately acidic to neutral soil that contains some decaying organic matter. To prevent a straggly appearance, this shrub can be cut back during the autumn. A humid area with some protection from the wind is desirable. Range & Habitat: The native Wild Hydrangea is occasional to locally common in southern Illinois, uncommon in central Illinois, and largely absent from the northern section of the state. Habitats include shaded ravines, rocky stream banks in wooded areas, bottoms of bluffs and cliffs, low rocky ledges, and similar habitats in wooded areas. Wild Hydrangea is found in high quality natural areas. It is also cultivated in gardens. Faunal Associations: The fertile flowers offer nectar and pollen to a wide range of visiting insects. These visitors include bumblebees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Halictid bees, masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), miscellaneous wasps, mosquitoes, Syrphid flies, thick-headed flies, Muscid flies, dance flies (Empis spp.), tumbling flower beetles, and long-horned beetles. The foliage of Wild Hydrangea is eaten by the caterpillars of Darapsa versicolor (Hydrangea Sphinx) and Olethreutes ferriferana (Hydrangea Leaf-Tier Moth). Some polyphagous insects occasionally feed on this shrub; these species include the thrips Echinothrips americanus, the seed bug Kleidocerys resedae, the aphids Aphis rumicis and Aphis citricola, and the larvae of the long-horned beetle Stenocorus cinnamopterus. White-tailed Deer occasionally browse on the canes and leaves. Photographic Location: The flowerhead was photographed at the Arboretum of the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. The leaves were photographed at the Potholes in west-central Indiana.
Comments: This fast-growing shrub is very attractive. The only other native hydrangea in Illinois is Hydrangea cinerea (Southern Wild Hydrangea), which is found in the southern section of the state. This latter species differs from Wild Hydrangea by the dense gray pubescence on the undersides of its leaves; it is sometimes considered a variety of Wild Hydrangea, rather than a distinct species. There are many cultivars of Wild Hydrangea in circulation. These cultivars tend to have more sterile flowers than the wild version of this species; there are even cultivars that produce only sterile flowers. While the latter cultivars are showier, they don't provide any nectar or pollen to flower-visiting insects. From an ecological perspective, this makes them less desirable.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 1½–3' tall and usually unbranched. The central stem is hairy. The alternate leaves are up to 6" long and 1½" across; they are medium to dark green and elliptic in shape. The leaf margins are smooth and ciliate; on rare occasions, a few teeth may occur along the outer margins. Each leaf tapers gradually to a wedge-shaped base and a short petiole. The upper and lower surfaces of each leaf are hairless to somewhat hairy. At the upper axil of each leaf, there are 1-3 small nodding flowers that are light green. Each flower is about ¼" long, consisting of 5 linear sepals, 5 oblong petals, 5 stamens, and a pistil. The pedicel of each flower is about ½" long and hairy. Near the base of each pedicel, there is a pair of linear stipules (leafy bracts) up to ¼" long. Terminal flowers are not produced. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer and lasts about 1–1½ months. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each fertile flower is replaced by a seed capsule about ½–¾" long. The seed capsules are light green, ovoid-oblongoid in shape, and hairless. At maturity, each capsule splits into 3 sections to release the seeds. The root system is is fibrous and rhizomatous. Clonal colonies of plants are occasionally formed from the rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight to medium shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy soil with abundant organic matter (e.g., fallen leaves). Some rocky material (e.g., limestone) is also tolerated. The pH of the soil should be mildly acid, neutral, or basic.
Range & Habitat: The native Green Violet is occasional in most areas of Illinois, except in the NW section, where it is absent (see Distribution Map). Overall, it is more common in hilly areas of southern Illinois than in the glaciated areas of northern Illinois. Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands, wooded slopes, shaded terraces along streams, and damp ravines, particularly where calcareous rocky material is close to the surface of the ground. This species is fairly conservative and normally found in high quality woodlands where the original ground flora is still intact. Faunal Associations: Very little is known about floral-faunal relationships for this species. Robertson observed a green metallic bee, Augochlorella striata, sucking nectar from the flowers; however, insect visitors to the non-showy flowers are uncommon. The polyphagous insect, Acrosternum hilaris (Green Stink Bug; a.k.a. Chinavia hilare) sucks juices from the foliage. White-Tailed Deer often chomp off the tops of this plant. It is possible that upland gamebirds and the White-Footed Mouse feed on the seeds, which are rather large in size.
Photographic Location: A shaded ravine in Vermilion County, Illinois. Comments: This atypical member of the Violet family is primarily a foliage plant; the small flowers are largely hidden by the leaves and non-showy. The seed capsules of Green Violet are very similar in appearance to those of other violets (Viola spp.), although they are somewhat larger in size; the seed capsules of both the Green Violet and other violets divide into 3 longitudinal sections to release their seeds. There is also some similarity in the structure of their respective flowers. Looking at this plant, most people would never guess that it is a violet.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月07日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant consists of a large tuft of basal leaves up to ½' tall, from which one or more flowering stalks develop that are 2–3½' tall. The blades of the basal leaves are 2½–4" across. They are more or less orbicular in overall shape, but with 5-9 lobes along their margins; these lobes are shallow and rounded. The blades are indented at the junction of the petioles, while their margins are coarsely crenate-dentate. The upper surfaces of the leaf blades are medium green and sometimes variegated; they have scattered short hairs and a rough texture. The slender petioles are light green and hairy; they are as long or longer than their blades. The tall flowering stalks are light green, terete, hairy, and without leaves. At the apex of each stalk, there is a narrow panicle of flowers about 3-8" long. The spreading branches of the panicle are light green and hairy, while the flowers are drooping. Each fully developed flower is 4.0–4.5 mm. long, consisting of a light green or reddish green calyx with 5 narrow lobes, 5 light green petals, 5 strongly exerted stamens with orange-red anthers, and 2 styles. The petals are smaller than the calyx and insignificant. The calyx is conspicuously swollen toward its base. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 3 weeks. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each flower is replaced by a small seed capsule that has 2 prominent beaks. There are numerous tiny seeds inside each capsule, which are small enough to be blown about by the wind. The root system consists of a crown with fibrous roots. The preceding description applies only to var. hirsuticaulis. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring, followed by light shade during the summer. The soil should be well-drained, mesic to dry, and loamy or rocky. This is primarily a foliage plant that can function as a ground cover if it is densely planted. Range & Habitat: The native Woodland Alumroot is occasional in the southern half of Illinois, while in the northern half of the state it is rare or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include upland rocky woodlands, thinly wooded bluffs, and wooded slopes. This species is found in high quality habitats where oak trees are often present. The most commonly encountered variety of Woodland Alumroot within the state is var. hirsuticaulis. Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract small bees, including Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp., & Augochlorella spp.) and the oligolectic Plasterer bee Colletes aestivalis. This latter bee is a specialist pollinator of Heuchera spp. Insects that prefer to feed on the foliage or juices of Heuchera spp. include the flea beetle Altica heucherae and the aphid Nasonovia heucherae. The bitter-tasting basal leaves are usually ignored by mammalian herbivores.
Photographic Location: An upland rocky woodland at the Portland Arch in west-central Indiana. Comments: Woodland Alumroot and other native Heuchera spp. are related to the commonly cultivated 'Coral Bells' of horticulture. However, the flowers of the native species are usually green and less showy. Across its range, different varieties of Woodland Alumroot have been identified. Compared to the typical variety, the variety that has been described here (var. hirsuticaulis) has flowering stalks and petioles that are more hairy. Otherwise, they are very similar. Another variety that has been recognized in Illinois, var. interior, has smaller flowers (3.0–3.5 mm. long) than var. hirsuticaulis. Another species in this genus that is sometimes encountered within the state is Heuchera richardsonii (Prairie Alumroot). It differs from the preceding varieties of Woodland Alumroot by its longer asymmetrical flowers (5.0–9.0 mm.). The flowers of Woodland Alumroot are more symmetrical (one side of the flower is about as long as another side).
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