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花园 (4)
动态 (4985)
Miss Chen
2018年05月06日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant develops a flowering stalk that is 3–10" tall (rarely more). The unbranched stalk is dull yellow, brown, or dark reddish purple; it is also terete, glabrous, and bulbous at the base. Closely surrounding the lower one-third of this flowering stalk, there are 2-3 leaf sheaths, but no leaf blades. These inconspicuous sheaths are the same color as the stem and glabrous. The stalk terminates in a raceme of about 5-25 flowers (rarely more); this raceme is 1–4.5" long (rarely more). The flowers are sparsely to moderately distributed along the central axis of the raceme; their faces are ascending to widely spreading while in bloom. The flowers are either chasmogamous (more showy and requiring insects for cross-pollination) or they are cleistogamous (less showy and self-fertile). Plants with chasmogamous flowers are referred to as Corallorhiza odontorhiza pringlei, while plants with cleistogamous flowers are referred to as Corallorhiza odontorhiza odontorhiza. The chasmogamous flowers are about 6-8 mm. high and similarly across; the cleistogamous flowers are more narrow and tubular-angular in shape. Individual flowers of both types have 3 petaloid sepals (2 lateral sepals and an upper sepal), 3 petals (2 upper-lateral petals and a lower petal that is referred to as the lower lip), a small whitish reproductive column, and an ovary. All three sepals and the two upper-lateral petals are more or less oblong-elliptic in shape, whether the flowers are chasmogamous or cleistogamous; they are yellowish brown to reddish purple, becoming whitened at the base. The lower petal (or lip) of a chasmogamous flower is oval-orbicular in shape and finely crenate-undulate along its lateral and outer margins; it is predominately white with reddish purple spots. The lower petal of a cleistogamous flower is similar, except it is more narrow. For a chasmogamous flower, the upper sepal and upper-lateral petals form a protective hood over the reproductive column of the flower; the lateral sepals may form the lateral sides of the hood, or they may arch downward and spread outward slightly. The lower lip of a chasmogamous flower curves downward, functioning as a landing pad for visiting insects. A cleistogamous flower is tubular-angular in shape as a result of the sepals and petals joining together; the mouth of this flower is either slightly open or closed. The slender pedicels of the flowers are 2–3.5 mm. long, while the floral bracts directly underneath the pedicels are 2.5–4 mm. long, linear to linear-lanceolate inDistribution Map shape, and deciduous. The blooming period can occur from late summer to mid-autumn, lasting about 3 weeks. Afterwards, fertile flowers are replaced by drooping seed capsules that are 5–8.5 mm. long, broadly ellipsoid-oblongoid in shape, 6-furrowed along their sides, and glabrous. Immature capsules are light green or dull yellow (and sometimes reddish purple along their furrows), but they become brown at maturity. These capsules split open after a hard frost to release their tiny seeds to the wind. The root system consists of a mass of coralloid (coral-like) rhizomes that form contorted chunky strands about 3-5 mm. across; young rhizomes are white, while older rhizomes are brown. Older rhizomes often form buds, from which new clonal flowering stalks can develop. Cultivation: The preference is moist to dry-mesic loam with decaying organic matter. Because this plant does not produce significant chlorophyll, it is relatively indifferent to sun exposure, although excessive dryness in the soil from too much sunlight is harmful to it. This plant requires the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (more specifically, Tomentilla spp.) in the soil, otherwise it can't develop properly. This orchid forms a parasitic relationship with such fungi, as the latter transports nutrients from both itself and from the trees with which they form a symbiotic relationship. The ectomycorrhizal fungi, Tomentilla spp., can form such relationships with various hardwood trees (oaks, hickories, and American Beech) and probably some conifer trees (pines). After a seed of this orchid germinates, it can flower in as little as 4 years under favorable conditions. Because of its dependence on specific ectomycorrhizal fungi, an adult plant is unlikely to survive transplantation to a different site. Range & Habitat: Autumn Coralroot (Corallorhiza odontorhiza) occurs in scattered counties throughout Illinois; it is uncommon within the state overall. This orchid is widely distributed in the northeastern region of the United States, central-eastern region of the United States, and southern Ontario in Canada. Habitats include rich deciduous woodlands, wooded slopes, and pine plantations. This orchid is found in higher quality natural areas. Faunal Associations: Plants with chasmogamous flowers are probably visited by bees, while plants with cleistogamous flowers don't require insect pollination. Some Coralroot orchids (Corallorhiza spp.) attract orchid weevils (Stethobaris ovata, Stethobaris commixta). As adults, these weevils feed destructively on sheaths, buds, and flowers, while their larvae feed from within the seedpods. It is not clear, however, if they feed on Fall Coralroot, as its flowering stalk doesn't develop until late in the year. Some mammals may feed on this orchid occasionally. For example, small rodents may dig holes to feed on the roots, while deer may browse on the flowering stalks. However, because the flowering stalks of this orchid are rather small and they don't stand out from the background, such browsing is probably uncommon.
Photographic Location: A deciduous woodland in Douglas County, Illinois. The photographed plant is Corallorhiza odontorhiza odontorhiza. Some of the cleistogamous flowers toward the apex of the racemes may be in bloom, while below the flowers are no longer in bloom. The latter have become immature seed capsules. Comments: Because the flowers of this orchid in Illinois are usually cleistogamous, it is not very showy. Among the Coralroot orchids (Corallorhiza spp.), Autumn Coralroot (Corallorhiza odontorhiza) is the last species to bloom and it is also the smallest in size. When they occur, the chasmogamous flowers of this orchid can be distinguished from the flowers of other Coralroot orchids using the following criteria: 1) its flowers are smaller in overall size, 2) the lower lip of its flower is finely crenate-undulate, rather than smooth, along the margin, and 3) the lower lip of its flower lacks basal lobes (auricles). Another common name of this orchid is Fall Coralroot.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月06日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 3-8" tall and unbranched. It consists of a rather thick spike of flowers, while the leaves are reduced to scales. During the late spring this spike is cream-colored and hairless. Underneath each flower, there is an ovate scale up to ½" long that quickly turns brown. The flowers bloom during the late spring or early summer for about 3 weeks. They are densely crowded all around the spike, and begin to bloom from the bottom to the top. Each flower is about ½" long, consisting of a tubular corolla and a tubular calyx. Both the corolla and calyx are cream-colored, although the teeth of the calyx soon turn brown and wither away. The rest of the calyx wraps around the base of the corolla. The corollas of young flowers are initially semi-erect, but they spread outward from the spike with age. Each corolla has a convex upper lip that functions as a hood, while the poorly defined lower lip is smaller in size. Within the corolla, there are 4 stamens near the interior of the upper lip, and a single stout style that develops along the lower lip. Both the style and filaments of the stamens are white, while the anthers are grey. When the flowers are blooming, some of the stamens and styles may be exerted from their corolla tubes. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each flower is replaced by a seed capsule containing many small seeds; this seed capsule is longer than it is wide. As the summer progresses, the flowering spike begins to wither and becomes brown. It can persist through the winter, by which time it has become shriveled and black. The root system is parasitic on the roots of Quercus spp. (Oak Trees); the suckers of the parasitic roots cause the formation of large rounded knobs on the roots of the host tree. Because Cancer Root doesn't produce chlorophyll, it is dependent on the host tree for its nourishment. Small clusters of flowering spikes often develop from the same root system. This plant spreads to new locations by reseeding itself. Cultivation: This parasitic plant is indifferent to light levels. It requires the presence of an Oak tree or its saplings at a well-drained site where the soil is not too compacted. Range & Habitat: The native Cancer Root is an uncommon plant that has been observed in central and NE Illinois in several counties (see Distribution Map). Habitats include upland woodlands, bluffs, wooded slopes and ravines, and savannas. In all of these habitats, Quercus spp. (Oaks) are invariably present. The flowering spikes of Cancer Root often develop in areas where the leaf litter is scant. The greatest threat to local populations is the invasion of Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) in Oak woodlands as a result of fire suppression.
Faunal Associations: The pollinators of the flowers have not been described for this species to my knowledge. A related species, Orobanche uniflora (One-Flowered Broomrape), is pollinated by bumblebees. Black Bears forage on the flowering spikes of Cancer Root after they come out of hibernation. There is also some evidence that deer browse on the flowering spikes occasionally. Because it is possible that the seeds can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract, such animals may help to disperse the seeds to new locations. Photographic Location: A bluff in Vermilion County, Illinois. Comments: This parasitic plant looks like a mutant pine cone or something from a horror movie. Its closest relatives are Orobanche spp. (Broomrapes), which are also parasitic and uncommon. The species Orobanche ludoviciana (Prairie Broomrape) has a similar appearance with thick white spikes of flowers, but the corollas of its flowers are usually tinted lavender or pale purple and they are longer (about ¾" in length). Another common name of Conopholis americana is Squawroot.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月06日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial herbaceous plant is 2–4' tall. The central stem is light green, bluntly 4-angled with shallow channels along its sides, and usually unbranched. This stem is hairless to moderately short-pubescent. Pairs of opposite leaves occur along the entire length of the stem. These leaves are 2–6" long, 1½–4" across, usually ovate in shape, and coarsely serrate-crenate along their margins. The leaf tips are usually acute, while the leaf bases are wedge-shaped (cuneate) to rounded. The upper leaf surface is medium to dark green and hairless to sparsely short-pubescent, while the lower leaf surface is light grayish green, hairless to sparsely pubescent, and glandular-punctate (appearing like glistening dots in bright light). The narrow petioles are ½–2" long, light green, and hairless to moderately short-pubescent; sometimes the uppermost leaves are sessile or nearly so. The central stem terminates in either a spike-like raceme or pyramidal panicle of flowers (depending on the robustness of individual plants). Individual panicles are up to 8" long and 6" across, consisting of a central stalk and several lateral branches that become progressively shorter upward. These lateral branches are spreading to ascending. Both the central stalk and lateral branches of the inflorescence are light green and bluntly 4-angled with shallow channels along their sides; they are hairless to moderately short-pubescent. The inflorescence also has small green bracts that are less than 1/8" (3 mm.) long; they are narrow in shape and early-deciduous. Individual flowers are about 1/3–1/2" (8–13 mm.) long, consisting of a short-tubular to bell-shaped green calyx with 5 teeth, a two-lipped tubular corolla that is predominately cream-colored or yellow, 2 long-exserted fertile stamens, and an ovary with a slender style that is also long-exserted. The calyx is minutely pubescent and glandular-punctate; it has 2 linear-lanceolate lower teeth and 3 linear-deltate upper teeth; the lower teeth are longer than the upper teeth. The calyx also has 10 narrow longitudinal ridges that are dark green. The corolla has a narrow tubular base, but it becomes wider and more trumpet-shaped towards its mouth with 5 spreading lobes (2 upper lobes, 2 lateral lobes, and 1 lower lobe that is larger in size). The upper and lateral lobes are either oval or oval-deltate in shape, while the lower lobe is violin-shaped, mostly white, and heavily fringed along its outer lip. Sometimes there are reddish stripes or bars along the upper and middle lobes of the corolla, while either patches or stripes of faded red may occur toward the base of the lower lobe. The throat of the corolla is a little wider than tall, where there is a patch of fine white hairs. The filaments of the stamens are white, light yellow, or light greenish yellow, while the fertile anthers are either white or light yellow. The slender style is dark red and usually bent toward one of the stamens. The pedicels of the flowers are about 1/8" (3 mm.) in length or slightly longer; they are light green and short-pubescent.
The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early autumn, lasting about 3-4 weeks. Both the flowers and foliage have a lemon or citronella scent. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by small nutlets (0-2 nutlets per flower); they develop within enlarged calyces. Individual nutlets are about 1.5 mm. across, globoid but somewhat flattened in shape, and dark brown. The root system consists of hard woody rhizomes with coarse fibrous roots. This plant often forms clonal colonies from its rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is medium to light shade, mesic conditions, and mildly acidic soil containing humus and loam. This plant is an excellent choice for a shade garden under deciduous trees. Range & Habitat: Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis) is uncommon in east-central Illinois and southern Illinois, where this plant is native, while in the rest of the state it is absent (see Distribution Map). Illinois lies along its western-range limit; Richweed is more common further to the east. Habitats include rich woodlands, rocky upland woodlands, wooded areas in rocky river valleys, and less often elevated areas in swamps. This plant tends to occur in oak-hickory woodlands and beech-maple woodlands, especially in areas where sandstone bedrock is not far from the ground surface.
Faunal Associations: Bumblebees are the primary pollinators of the flowers, where both nectar and pollen are available as floral rewards (Skinner, 1976). Several species of insects are known to feed on Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis); many of these species are monophagous or oligophagous. These insect feeders include larvae of the gall flies, Dasineura collinsoniae and Lasioptera collinsonifolia, such aphids as Hyalomyzus collinsoniae and Hyalomyzus eriobotryae, Amblycorypha rotundifolia (Round-winged Katydid), and the larvae of such Noctuid moths as Psectrotarsia herbardi (Horse-balm Sun Moth), Papaipema astuta (Yellow Stoneroot Borer Moth), Papaipema duplicatus (Dark Stoneroot Borer Moth), and Papaipema nebris (Stalk Borer Moth); see Felt (1917), Blackman & Eastop (2013), Gangwere (1961), and Natural History Museum (2010). Slugs also feed on the flowers of Richweed (personal observation, 2017). Among vertebrate animals, the seeds of this plant are eaten by the Bobwhite Quail and possibly other birds (Miller & Miller, 1999). White-tailed Deer and other mammalian herbivores usually avoid this plant as a food source. Photographic Location: A rocky woodland at the Pine Hills State Nature Preserve in west-central Indiana.
Comments: This wildflower produces flowers in late summer when there is little else in bloom in shady woodlands. While bumblebees have been reported to be the primary pollinators of the flowers (Skinner, 1976), the long-exserted stamens and styles of the flowers, the white fringe of the lower lip of the corolla, and the fragrance of the flowers suggest that moths also visit the flowers for nectar. When the flowers of Richweed (Collinsonia canadensis) are in bloom, this plant is fairly easy to identify because of their distinctive appearance. Otherwise, it may be difficult to distinguish this species from other plant species that grow in woodlands, such as Scrophularia (Figwort) and Agastache (Giant Hyssop). A non-native species that is becoming invasive in wooded areas, the green-leaved form of Perilla frutescens (Beefsteak Plant), could also be confused with Richweed on the basis of its foliage. However, the flowers of the Beefsteak Plant do not have a deeply fringed lower lip nor do they have strongly exserted stamens and styles. The lemon-citronella fragrance of the foliage of Richweed, however, can be used to distinguish it from these other plants. While there are several similar-appearing Collinsonia spp. in southeastern USA, none of them occur in Illinois. Other common names of Collinsonia canadensis include Stone Root and Northern Horse Balm.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月06日
Miss Chen
Description: This wildflower is a winter annual about 4-12" tall that is unbranched. The central stem is light green, terete, and pubescent. The opposite leaves are up to 2" long and ¾" across; they are either medium green or yellowish green and either glabrous or pubescent (usually the latter). The lowest leaves are oval to orbicular with a few blunt teeth along their margins; they are smaller than the other leaves and there are petioles at their bases. The middle leaves are the largest and most conspicuous; they are oval to broadly lanceolate, often with a few blunt teeth along their margins, and their bases are either sessile or they clasp the stem. The uppermost leaves are usually lanceolate and smooth along their margins; their bases are either sessile or they clasp the stem. The central stem terminates in a whorl of 2-6 flowers on slender pedicels up to 1" long. Sometimes individual flowers develop from the axils of the upper leaves as well; these axillary flowers have slender pedicels up to 1½" long. The pedicels are light green, terete, and pubescent. Each flower is ½-¾" across, consisting of a green calyx with 5 teeth and a blue/white corolla. The calyx is light green to purplish green; it is often pubescent and its teeth are narrowly triangular in shape. The corolla is short-tubular and it is divided into upper and lower lips. The upper lip is cleft into 2 large rounded lobes that are white, while the lower lip is cleft into 3 lobes. The 2 large outer lobes of the lower lip are light blue to blue-violet and rounded, while the tiny middle lobe of the lower lip is folded into a keel and hidden from view. This middle lobe contains the stamens and style of the flower.
The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring, lasting about 3 weeks. Afterwards, each flower is replaced by an globoid-ovoid capsule that contains a few large seeds. The root system consists of a slender taproot. This plant spreads by reseeding itself; it often forms colonies of variable size. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight to light shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy soil. The size of individual plants is strongly influenced by moisture conditions and the fertility of the soil. The seeds should be planted during the summer so that they will germinate during the fall.
Range & Habitat: Blue-Eyed Mary occurs occasionally in NE and east central Illinois, but it tends to be less common elsewhere (see Distribution Map). At some high quality sites around the state, it is locally abundant. Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands, wooded lower slopes of river valleys, and areas along woodland paths. Sometimes Blue-Eyed Mary occurs in drier deciduous woodlands, in which case the individual plants will be smaller in size. Even though it tolerates minor levels of disturbance, this wildflower is an indicator species of high quality woodlands. Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract honeybees, bumblebees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), long-horned bees (Synhalonia spp.), and mason bees (Osmia spp.). Less common flower visitors include dance flies (Empis spp.), the Giant Bee Fly (Bombylius major), butterflies, and skippers. Little else appears to be known about floral-faunal relationships for this species.
Photographic Location: Along a path in a deciduous woodlands at Allerton Park in Piatt County, Illinois, and the wooded lower slope of a river valley at Lodge Park in the same county. Comments: The distinctive bicolored flowers are very beautiful, making Blue-Eyed Mary easy to identify. This woodland wildflower is unusual in having flowers that are close to a true blue color. The only other species in the genus that has been observed in Illinois is Collinsia violacea (Violet Collinsia). This latter wildflower is also a winter annual that has corollas with a deeper shade of purplish violet and more narrow lanceolate leaves. Violet Collinsia prefers sunnier habitats than Blue-Eyed Mary, and it is quite rare within the state, although more common in the Southern Plains region of the United States.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月06日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is about 3-6" tall, consisting of a flowering stem with a pair of opposite cauline leaves and some basal leaves. The stem is light green or slightly reddish green, glabrous, and rather succulent. The basal leaves and the pair of cauline leaves are linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly recurved, glabrous, smooth along the margins, and slightly fleshy. There is a single central vein along the length of each leaf. The leaves are about 2-5" long; their width varies somewhat depending on the local ecotype, but it is usually about ¼" across. The stem terminates in a floppy raceme of flowers. Each flower is about 8 mm. (1/3") across when it is fully open, consisting of 5 petals, 2 green sepals, 5 stamens with pink anthers, and a pistil with a tripartite style. The petals are white with fine pink stripes; these stripes vary from pale pink to bright pink. The flowers open up on warm sunny days, and close during cloudy weather or at night. They are more or less erect while open, but nod downward while closed. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring and lasts about 1-2 months. There is a pleasant floral scent. Each fertile flower produces an ovoid capsule containing several seeds; this capsule is enclosed by the 2 persistant sepals. The root system consists of a small corm and secondary roots. This wildflower spreads by reseeding itself; sometimes it forms rather loose colonies of plants. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight during the spring, moist to slightly dry conditions, and a rich loamy soil with abundant organic matter. This wildflower will adapt to semi-shaded areas of lawns if mowing is delayed during the spring. Both the flowers and foliage fade away by mid-summer. The easy way to start plants is by obtaining their corms, although these are expensive to buy from nurseries. Range & Habitat: The native Spring Beauty is a common wildflower that occurs in every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to dry deciduous woodlands, savannas, thinly wooded bluffs, city parks, old cemeteries, and lawns (particularly near trees). Less often, this species is found in mesic prairies, but it is primarily a woodland plant. Spring Beauty can survive more environmental degradation than most spring-blooming woodland species, including occasional grazing by cattle and partial clearing of trees. This is one reason why it is still common.
Faunal Association: Aside from insect pollination, little is known about floral-faunal relationships. Various kinds of bees visit the flowers, include honey bees, bumblebees, little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), mason bees (Osmia spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), Halictid bees (Agapostemon spp., Augochlorella spp., Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp.), and Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.). An Andrenid bee, Andrena erigeniae, is a specialist pollinator of Spring Beauty. Many flies also visit the flowers, including Syrphid flies, the Giant Bee fly (Bombylius major), flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), and Calliphorid flies. Less often, various butterflies and skippers visit the flowers. These insects usually seek nectar, although some of the bees also collect pollen. The corms of Spring Beauty are dug up and eaten by some small rodents, including the White-Footed Mouse and Eastern Chipmunk (Martin et al., 1951/1961; Wrazen & Svendsen, 1978). The foliage is browsed sparingly by White-Tailed Deer (Augustine, 1997). While the corms of Spring Beauty can be eaten by humans as well, their small size makes this rather impractical.
Photographic Location: Busey Woods and an old cemetery in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This attractive wildflower is a sure sign that spring has arrived and that the local woodlands are full of wildflowers. When Spring Beauty and these other wildflowers are conspicuously absent from a woodlands, this indicates that it has been subjected to severe degradation from plows or bulldozers at some point in the past. In Illinois, Spring Beauty is a unique member of the Purslane family that is easy to distinguish from other wildflowers. Look for pink-stripes, whether pale or bright, on the petals of the flowers, and only 2 sepals underneath. In southeastern and other parts of the United States, there is a closely related wildflower, Claytonia carolina (Carolina Beauty). This latter species has a similar appearance to Spring Beauty, but it doesn't occur in Illinois. The leaves of Carolina Beauty are usually broader than those of Spring Beauty.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月05日
Miss Chen
金琥寿命很长，栽培容易，成年大金琥花繁球壮，金碧辉煌，观赏价值很高。而且体积小，占据空间少，是城市家庭绿化十分理想的一种观赏植物。今天给大家分享一下它的养殖技巧。
(1)选择合适培养土。常用腐叶土2份、园土1份，稍加砻糠灰混合使用。若盆底放少量骨粉或蛋壳粉作基肥则更佳。 (2)水分、肥料要合理。春季到初夏，是植株生长期，可适当浇水，经常保持盆土湿润。盛夏季节，植株进人休眠，由于天热盆土易干，应注意浇水，不要使盆土过干；基本停止施肥，到秋季恢复正常肥水供应。生长季节增加空气湿度和追施磷肥可使球体和刺的颜色更鲜美。注意浇水或施肥时不要施到球体上。冬季气温低，生长停止，要控制浇水，盆土稍带干，以免水湿而烂根，以上就是关于金琥怎么养的介绍。
(3)光照、温度要适宜。金琥喜阳光充足，在长期光线不足的环境中，球体会变长而降低观赏价值。生长适宜温度为15～31℃，35℃以上植株进入休眠，8～10℃左右球体基本停止生长。在生长季节，应置于光线充足处。但夏季酷暑，光照特强，需适当遮荫，否则刺的颜色会变淡，且球体易灼伤。冬季应置室内阳光充足处。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月05日
Miss Chen
金琥球体浑圆碧绿，刺色金黄，刚硬有力，盆栽后可长成大型标本球，点缀厅堂，更显金碧辉煌，为室内盆栽植物中的佳品。很多的企业室内都有此植物，当然家庭盆栽的也不在少数。今天要给大家分享一下北方地区盆栽金琥一些注意事项。
金琥喜温暖和阳光充足的环境，不耐寒，耐干旱，畏积水。土壤宜用疏松、肥沃、含石灰质的沙质壤土。生长适温白天为22～24℃，夜晚为10～13℃，冬季应不低于8℃。金琥生长迅速，每年春季应换土一次，盆土可用等量的粗沙、壤土、腐叶土及少量的石灰质材料混合配制，还可增加一些沤熟过的鸡屎、鸽粪、牛屎等，则效果更佳。 夏季要适当遮荫，但勿过分荫蔽，光照不足易导致球体变长，刺色暗淡失神，使其降低应有的观赏价值。夏季可多喷雾增加空气湿度，但盆土不能过湿，且必须维持凉爽的环境，对球体的生长十分有利。越冬温度宜保持8～10℃，并应维持盆土干燥。它在肥沃的土壤和空气流通的条件下生长较快，4年生的实生植株直径可达10厘米，当其10年生球径达30～35厘米时，即可开花。
金琥球易遭蚧壳虫和红蜘蛛的危害，可用50％的杀螟松1000倍液进行防治，以上就是关于北方地区金琥的养殖方法的介绍。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月05日
Miss Chen
蟹爪兰常被嫁接在量天尺或其它砧木上，这样会让它生长的更加茂盛，但是在嫁接后总会遇到砧木发蔫的情况，这如何是好呢？
用作嫁接蟹爪兰的砧木仙人掌，常于高温的夏天里发蔫，这是夏天特殊的天气条件所造成的。仙人掌类尽管能耐40℃的极端高温，尽管在非洲的原产地白天虽然非常燥热，但夜间却比较凉爽，因而对植株的影响不大；而在我国大部分地区，大多数仙人掌类植物对持续闷热的高温天气则难以忍受，特别是在通风不良的情况下，当气温达30～35℃时，大部分品种的生长速度减缓，如超过38℃，再加上夜间温度也持续很高，则盆栽的仙人掌类植物被迫进入休眠状态，即所谓夏休眠，只有到了秋凉后才能恢复正常的生长。 因此，以仙人掌为砧木嫁接培育的蟹爪兰植株，在我国大部分地区，春、秋二季生长情况一般较好，在闷热高温的夏季往往是“半死不活”，原因就在于此。如果在此阶段又浇水偏多或承接雨水过多，或者浇施了一些肥料，必然导致仙人掌的烂根，致使其出现一天不如一天的萎蔫现象。
对于萎蔫的植株，可将其搁放于阴凉通风处，或将其移放到通风条件较好的空调室内，改浇水为适量喷水，为其创造一个相对凉爽的小环境，待到9月份可望恢复生机。来年进入夏季后，对以仙人掌为砧木嫁接繁育的蟹爪兰植株，要及早将其搬到通风、凉爽的半阴处过夏，节制浇水，停止施肥，使其能够顺利度过炎热的夏季，到了秋凉时再给予正常的水肥管理，这样方可使以仙人掌为砧木嫁接的蟹爪兰植株开出又大又多又艳的花朵。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月05日
Miss Chen
蟹爪兰花蕾半开便脱落、茎节萎蔫的原因竟然是因为这些！ 蟹爪兰现在已经成为家居常见的盆栽植物，又因其开花时间与圣诞节、元旦、春季相重逢，在加上植物寓意非常好：鸿运当头、运转乾坤，所以被众多人喜爱，无论是摆放在客厅，还是垂挂于阳台都非常适合。但在养殖过程中会遇到花蕾半开便脱落、茎节萎蔫等问题，下面就为大家详细解答一下。
一是根系腐烂，或因浇水过多，或因施肥过多、过浓等，导致蟹爪兰植株出现烂根，使其失去了向上输送水分和养分的功能，从而致使茎节萎蔫、花朵半开即脱落。 二是植株因突然降温而受寒害，或昼夜温差太大，一夜之间气温猛然大幅度下降，使砧木因受寒害而停止生长，有时满株花蕾都会落光，特别是以三棱箭作砧木的蟹爪兰植株，气温降到15℃时就停止生长，砧木一旦停止生长，水分养分供应就受到限制，必然引起落蕾和茎节萎蔫，若气温突然在一夜间降到10℃以下，也会发生落蕾掉苞。
三是盆土过干、空气过分干燥、蚧壳虫类严重危害等，也有可能导致蟹爪兰茎节不正常和出现落蕾。为了挽救蟹爪兰植株，可待盆土稍干时，在室内将其从花盆中脱出，抖去部分宿土，检查根系的受损情况，若因盆土过湿、肥料过大或盆土过干造成了根系严重受损，可先将坏死的根系剪去，直到根系断面新鲜为止，重新改用干净疏松的沙质培养土栽种；在催根期间，应维持不低于15℃的室温，多喷水少浇水，并给予一定的光照和较高的相对空气湿度，待植株催生出新根后再更换较肥沃的培养土，并给予正常的水肥管理。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月05日
Miss Chen
蟹爪兰也被称为螃蟹兰，蟹爪兰还被称为圣诞仙人掌、蟹爪莲、仙指花、锦上添花等。蟹爪兰为什么会被叫做蟹爪兰这个奇怪的名字了，原来蟹爪兰是产在巴西热带雨林里的附生植物。蟹爪兰的叶子已经退化，扁平的叶状变态茎，茎节间相连状如螃蟹爪，因此得名蟹爪兰。蟹爪兰还有另名一个名字叫做“锦上添花”，这个名字也来源于蟹爪兰的株形优美，枝条翠绿，花朵也十分的漂亮，姿色俱丽，所以人们叫它“锦上添花。所以春季期间花友们都希望看到它开花。
要使蟹爪兰于春节期间奉红献瑞，则必须为其创造一个适当的生态环境。蟹爪兰为典型的短日照花卉，在长日照条件下不能进行花芽分化，如果再加上温度过高，它将被迫进入休眠或半休眠状态(如在盛夏时节)。 在其催花过程中，不能将盆栽植株放在夜间有人工光源的场所，否则额外的光照可能影响到植株的花芽分化和以后的开花。若想使其提前到国庆节开花，可于7月底、8月初进行遮光，每天从下午4点到次日上午8点用黑布单罩上，到了9月下旬即可于每个茎节的顶端孕生小花蕾。遮光至9月底，到了10月初，其花苞便可开放。 蟹爪兰对温度的反应比较敏感，在16～28℃范围内生长良好。在其花期控制过程中，环境温度不能低于5℃，否则易使植株受冻。一般情况下，当气温低于13℃时，蟹爪兰的花朵不再受光周期的影响均能正常发育；而温度高于15℃时，蟹爪兰的花芽分化只有在短日照的条件下才能进行；当气温高于21℃时，无论是长日照还是短日照条件，植株均无花芽分化。
蟹爪兰的自然花期一般在11～12月，室温过低时，花期可延迟到3月。为此，如对已打好花苞将近开放的植株，可将其温度控制在5℃以上，通过低温可延缓花苞的开放。若花苞尚小，则可将室温提升到15℃以上，则可加速其开放。通过低温延缓、高温促进两种手段，在春节期间您将如愿看到艳丽绽放的蟹爪兰，以上就是关于如何使蟹爪兰按时开花的介绍。
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