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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is up to 1' tall, branching sparingly. It produces both basal and alternate compound leaves with a similar appearance. The stems are reddish green, hairless, and slender. The compound leaves are trifoliate and they have slender petioles. The terminal leaflet has a longer petiolule (basal stalklet) than the two lateral leaflets. These leaflets are up to 1" long and ¾" across. They are ternately lobed, cleft, and hairless. The white flowers occur individually or in groups of 2-3. Each flower spans about ¾" across, consisting of 5 petal-like sepals that are white, no petals, several slender stamens with yellow anthers, and a few green pistils in the center. The blooming period occurs during mid-spring and lasts about 3 weeks. Afterwards, the pistils are replaced by beaked follicles (seedpods that split open along one side) that individually contain several seeds. The root system is fibrous and occasionally small tubers are produced. Vegetative clones of the mother plant are often produced from these tubers; reproduction also occurs by the seeds. False Rue Anemone often forms dense colonies of plants. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to medium shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy soil with abundant leaf mould. Range & Habitat: The native False Rue Anemone is fairly common in the majority of counties in Illinois, otherwise it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include in rich mesic woodlands and low woodlands along streams where deciduous trees are dominant. This species can be extirpated from a woodlands by an invasion of Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) and non-native shrubs. [图片]Faunal Associations: Except for visitors of the flowers, little is known about the floral-faunal relations of this species. The pollen of the flowers attracts medium- to small-sized bees and flies primarily, including Halictid bees (Halictus spp., Lasioglossum spp., etc.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), honeybees, Syrphid flies, and other flies. The bees collect pollen, while the flies feed on pollen. Occasionally various beetles also feed on the pollen, but they are less effective at cross-pollination. Some of these insects probably search in vain for nectar, as the flowers lack nectaries. The foliage of False Rue Anemone is rarely browsed by mammalian herbivores (personal observation). Photographic Location: A mesic deciduous woodlands at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. [图片]Comments: Another scientific name for False Rue Anemone is Isopyrum biternatum. This species blooms a little earlier than many other spring wildflowers in a woodlands, and it has attractive flowers and foliage. Two other members of the Buttercup family that occur in woodlands, Anemone quinequefolia (Wood Anemone) and Anemonella thalictroides (Rue Anemone), resemble False Rue Anemone. Wood Anemone has leaflets that are coarsely serrated along the margins and their lobes taper to sharp points; it also differs from False Rue Anemone by the whorl of leaves underneath its flowers. Rue Anemone also has whorled leaves underneath its flowers, otherwise its foliage is very similar to that of False Rue Anemone (which has alternate leaves along the stems). While Wood Anemone and Rue Anemone produce small clusters of beaked achenes (each containing a single seed within a hardened exterior), False Rue Anemone produces small clusters of beaked follicles that each contain 2 or more seeds. Sometimes the white flowers of Wood Anemone and Rue Anemone have more than 5 petal-like sepals, while the flowers of False Rue Anemone never have more than 5 petal-like sepals.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
Description: This wildflower is a spring annual about 4-16" tall; it branches occasionally and is more or less erect. The stems are rather thick and succulent, pale green to pale purple, and glaucous; they have widely scattered to dense tufts of long white hairs. The lower leaves are opposite, while the upper leaves are alternate; they are widely spreading. Each leaf is up to 4" long and 1" across; it is simple pinnate or pinnate-pinnatifid in structure and oblong-ovate in outline. There are 7-13 narrow leaflets (or narrow lobes) on each leaf; they can be opposite or alternate. Each leaflet has 3-5 large teeth or cleft lobes. The upper surface of each leaf is medium to dark green and hairy. At the base of each leaf, there is a stout petiole that is flattened on top and somewhat hairy. Individual flowers up to ¼" across are produced from the axils of the upper leaves; their pedicels are short, slender, and hairy. Each flower has a white or pale blue corolla with 5 petal-like lobes and a hairy green calyx with 5 large teeth. There may be fine purple lines within the interior of the corolla and tiny specks of purple on the petal-like lobes. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 1½ months. The flowers open up during the day; only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time. The corollas soon fall off, while the teeth of the calyxes become enlarged, spreading outward from their seed capsules. Each seed capsule is globoid, slightly bifid, and hairy; it contains 4 seeds. The seeds are brown, ovoid, and finely pitted. The root system consists of a taproot. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to light shade, moist to mesic conditions, and a fertile loamy soil with abundant organic matter. Most vegetative growth occurs during the spring; the foliage turns yellow and withers away during the summer. Range & Habitat: The native Aunt Lucy is occasional to locally common in most areas of Illinois, except the SE section of the state, where it is uncommon or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include deciduous woodlands, gardens and nurseries, partially shaded areas along buildings, and waste places. This wildflower prefers locations where the ground vegetation is scant as a result of overhead shade or a recent disturbance. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts various kinds of bees, including mason bees (Osmia spp.), little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Halictid bees, and Andrenid bees. Bee flies (Bombyliidae) are also attracted to the nectar of the flowers, while Syrphid flies feed mostly on the pollen. According to Ada Georgia in A Manual of Weeds (1913), the bruised foliage of Aunt Lucy has a rank disagreeable odor, therefore it is avoided by livestock and probably other mammalian herbivores. Photographic Location: The webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois, where this wildflower developed spontaneously. Comments: Aunt Lucy is an oddball member of the Waterleaf family. It is not very showy and often omitted from many wildflower guides. Aunt Lucy occurs in two quite different habitats: deciduous woodlands and disturbed areas where the ground is bare or lightly mulched. In the former habitat, it is one of our native spring wildflowers, while in the latter habitat it is a minor weed of nurseries and bare open ground in cities. The leaves of Aunt Lucy are fairly distinctive and help to distinguish it from many other kinds of plants. It resembles to some extent Floerkia proserpinacoides (False Mermaid), except the latter species has greenish flowers with only 3 petals and 3 sepals, and its leaflets (or lobes) are more narrow and smooth.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
冬天易过春难度,这是不少养花人的经验之谈,说的就是冬春之交,不少花因为养护上的小问题,导致花卉枯萎、落叶,最终香消玉殒……今天为大家介绍一下春季花卉常见病虫害。 [图片]春季气温乍暖还寒,且空气湿度大,农作物病虫害发生情况呈中等偏重程度,花卉的病虫害也较多,一般4~5月份危害较严重的有以下几种: 蚜虫木槿、碧桃、扶桑、月季、金银花等都容易受蚜虫的危害。随着气温的升高,蚜虫也日益增多。 防治方法: 1.40%的氧化乐果或多或50%的亚胺硫磷对水1200~1500倍后喷洒。 2.少量盆花还可喷70~100倍的中性洗衣粉液。 红蜘蛛 对茉莉、扶桑、文竹、月季、大丽花等从4月上旬开始危害。 防治方法: 1.可喷施速扑杀1000倍液。 2.少量盆花经常用自来水冲洗叶正、背面,或者喷、蘸经煮沸并冷却的100~150倍的面煳水,过一两天再用清水冲一次,可收到明显的效果。 介壳虫(花虱子)白玉兰、月季、黄杨、海桐上的介壳虫大都在4月中旬至5月中、下旬开始孵化。 防治方法: 1.在其孵化前人工轻轻地把虫体刷掉。 2.在幼虫孵化期喷洒40%的氧化乐果1000~1500倍液。 立枯病 当气温达到20℃时,新播种的花卉、树苗以及一些易烂根的花卉在土壤湿度大时极易发生立枯病。 防治方法: 1.播种前每苗用70%的五氯硝基苯1.5~4kg均匀拌在土壤里。 2.在小苗期控制浇水,勿使土壤过湿。 3.发病初,浇灌1%的硫酸亚铁或200~400倍50%的代森铵液,每平方米浇灌2~4kg药水。 锈病玫瑰锈病于玫瑰花含苞待放时侵害。 防治方法: 1.在玫瑰发芽时应及时将先萌发的黄色病芽摘掉烧毁,消灭传染病源。 2.在初侵害期喷洒15%的粉锈宁700~1000倍液。 白粉病 月季白粉病、凤仙花白粉病大多发生在5~6月,夏季易造成黄叶、枯叶、嫩梢弯曲等症状。 防治方法: 1.注意花卉的通风透光。 2.少施氮肥,多施些磷钾肥。 3.初染期喷1次15%的粉锈宁700~1000倍液即可。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
颜色搭配的好坏,常常决定着花艺作品的成败。一个好的作品色彩必定是协调的,无论它表现的主题是素雅还是奢华、柔美还是艳丽。 [图片]一件插花作品给人的第一印象就是色彩。不同的色彩调子对人的情绪有不同的影响。有的使人欣喜,有的感到沉闷。只有把多种色彩适当地组合在一起,才可以得到好的效果。插花中色彩的组合原理与绘画中色彩的法则是一致的。比如: 互补色互补色就是色盘上位置相反的两种颜色。如红与绿、橙与蓝、黄与紫等。由于对比强烈、互为衬托,可以相得益彰。 三等分色三种颜色在色盆上处于相等距离。如红、黄、蓝一组或橙、绿、紫一组。 相邻色色蛊上相邻的三四种色彩。如红、橙、黄这三色构成一组暖色调的相领色,如需要四种颜色,可以再加一个绿色。而蓝、绿、紫构成另一组冷色调的相邻色。 插花中运用纯净浓烈的色彩调子可以表达强烈的感情,例如情人房中成丛成片的红月季花。柔和淡雅的插花色彩调子则适合于表达细腻的感情,例如淡暖色调插花中再加入干花。总之,设计一幅插花作品时应考虑到色彩的感情表现。 色彩的比例对色调很重要。在用到三种颜色的时候,最好多用一些浅色,少用一些深色。最浅色可占65%,中间色占25%,最深色占10%。最深色的花安排在插花作品的中心附近,效果最好。 [图片]插花的色调还要与造型相配合。在明快的插花造型中,须配以明快的色调。在沉着的插花造型中,须配以沉着的色调。重的形式配上重的色调,自然显得更重,轻的形式配上轻的色调,自然显得更轻。这是一方面的运用。但有时为了取得均衡,或者加强对比作用,在重的形式上配以轻的色调,量感自然就会减轻;在轻的形式上配以重的色调,量感自然就会加重;这是另一方面的运用。一件理想的插花作品,要靠作者高明手法的灵活运用。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
现在,很多人喜欢装饰家庭环境,闲暇之余,插插花,相信是不少朋友的兴趣所在。能否插出漂亮而且艺术的花,花泥也起着重要的作用。 [图片]插花一般是用金属花座和专门的花泥来做基座,但这些东西成本较高,来源有限,有时还会缺货。通过试验摸索,用冬瓜做为插花基座,取得了良好的观赏效果。冬瓜质地疏松,水分充足,各种材料一般均可直接插入,而且冬瓜基座洁白晶莹,配以花叶显得很雅致,现介绍如下: 1、选好插花材料 根据个人爱好与任务需要,选择好插花材料备用。 2、备好容器 可用水盘,菜盘,花蓝及其他器皿,款式可多种多样。 3、关于东瓜花泥的准备工作 取新鲜冬瓜,从中剖开,掏去种子,根据容器大小形状切块,还可根据容器形状削成各种形状,方形,长方形,菱形及不规则形,削成后备用。 4、插花 较硬的花梗、果枝等可以直接插入冬瓜块内。对一些比较柔软的花枝可以先用铁丝刺孔或沟后再插。花插好后放干净水养殖。插好后可保持5-7日。如用保鲜剂时间会更长。 [图片]插花时还要注意整体结构和布局,以使形成一幅和谐、绚丽的艺术作品。它唯一的缺点就是春季冬瓜较少,不易寻找。但在其他季节还是较多。做为家庭 来说还是很实用的。家庭主妇可以在厨房里学插花了。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月10日
Miss Chen
插花艺术,常简称为插花,即指将剪切下来的植物的枝、叶、花、果作为素材,经过一定的技术(修剪、整枝、弯曲等)和艺术(构思、造型、设色等)加工,重新配置成一件精制完美、富有诗情画意,能再现大自然美和生活美的花卉艺术品。插花艺术的起源应归于人们对花卉的热爱,通过对花卉的定格,表达一种意境来体验生命的真实与灿烂。插花艺术对中国人而言,插花作品被视为一个天人合一的宇宙生命之融合。以“花”作为主要素材,在瓶、盘、碗、缸、筒、篮、盆等七大花器内造化天地无穷奥妙的一种盆景类的花卉艺术,其表现方式颇为雅致,令人把玩,爱不释手。 [图片]插花发展至今,其方法已经十分丰富,在日本已形成各种流派。尽管各种流派都有自己的一套插花理论与技巧,但还是有其共同之处。 插花有两种基本形式:东方式插花和西方式插花。 东方式插花,是常见于日本与我国的插花形式。它具有强烈的东方艺术情调。东方式插花所用花材较少,叶疏枝少,以强烈枝叶的形态与构图,形成特有的艺术节奏与意境,具有浓厚的艺术感染力。它轻描淡写,寥寥数枝却意味深长,如同中国画中的写意画。因此,这种艺术形式的插花显得典雅古拙,耐人寻味。 西方式插花,多见于西方国家。这种插花形式与东方式相反,枝密叶茂,红红火火,五彩缤纷,强调插花的色彩。其构图多以对称均衡为主,具有图案美和修饰美。 插花的创作如同作画一般,在动手开始制作之前就应该“胸中有花”,即对插花的叶枝选择与处理,整体的构图与色彩以及最后的效果都要心中有数。如果“胸中无花”,即在插花之前没有整体构想,其插花往往失败。 [图片]插花有三大原则:即境物和谐、色彩协调、构图完善。 境物和谐 即要求插花作品与环境条件相和谐。插花作品多是放在室内,因此室内光线、家具形色、背景色调、空间大小、欣赏对象、插花用途等都要与插花本身的色彩、构图等相协调。一般来说,如果是哀悼性插花,则要求用花朴素清淡,并根据被纪念者的性格及生前喜好,选取适当的品种,务必做到肃穆端庄,忌插得枝繁花艳。相反,大喜节日插花,以轻松、热闹为主,可插得火红一些。平时作为摆设欣赏之用的插花可以插得新颖些,以富有艺术创新的作品为佳。 色彩协调 即要求插花所用的花材间色彩协调。既要有鲜明的反差,又要有和谐的统一。插花的色彩搭配有各种方式,有的以一种为主色,其他的为辅色,起点缀和加强主色的作用;有的两种色无主次之分,还有的把几种融为一体,各种颜色好像繁星一样,但整体上形成新的色彩视觉。插花材料色彩间的配合应根据插花的形式而定。东方式插花色彩整体效果以“雅”为佳,西方式插花则以“繁”为佳。 构图完善 构图很大程度上决定着插花的成败。尤其是东方式插花更要注意枝条、叶片的布置。既要做到重心稳重,又要有险枝突出,有节奏感。西方式插花构图讲究均衡,重心稳重,以四面皆可观赏为佳。插花构图常见的有垂直形、四角形、散开形、L字形、椭圆形、水平形、零星形、三角形、眉目形、环状形等。 插花构图形式尽管多种多样,千姿百态,但总的来说表现方式主要有: 对称与非对称构图 对称的构图左右结构较相同,较匀称,多见于西方式插花。这种构图显得端庄、严肃;非对称构图左右结构相差较大,多见于东方式插花,显得生动、活泼。 集中与放射构图 集中构图是形状上积聚,整体结构内敛,显得沉稳、凝重;放射构图即以中心为核心,线条向四周呈辐射状,显得遒劲、轻松。 独立与重复构图 独立构图即以单一的枝或叶为主,其他小枝衬托,显得灵巧、秀丽;重复构图,由几个大致相同的枝叶并列或重叠而成,富有节奏感。
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权问薇
2018年05月10日
权问薇
[图片]氮肥功效 氮肥主要是促进花卉枝叶生长,使枝叶更加油亮茂盛,茎杆更加结实挺拔。 [图片]1、缺乏氮肥 花卉缺少氮肥,会造成植株矮小,叶片狭小,叶色暗淡,底部老叶易变黄脱落,枝条瘦弱等。 2、氮肥过多 氮肥过多会使茎叶徒长,抑制花芽形成,且枝叶柔嫩,易受病虫侵害。 自制氮肥 有很多方法可以自制氮肥,包括腐熟的瓜果皮、豆类等。今天,花花教大家如何自制腐熟的氮肥。 [图片]1、煮废料 受潮的花生、火龙果皮、过期奶粉。(花生踩碎,果皮切成小块,奶粉倒入锅里)。 2、反复煮3次 煮开后用塑料桶把汤汁装起来。剩余的废料再次加水煮,循环3次。 3、密封保存 待冷却后密封保存,每隔3-5天打开盖透气。 4、清水装瓶 密封两个月就可以把清水装瓶,料渣埋土里。 使用:氮肥液体一星期施用一次,一次不要使用太多,按照1:100的比例施用,肥料过量会导致烧根。 磷肥功效 磷肥能使花卉茎枝坚韧,促使花芽形成,花大色艳,果实早熟,并能使花卉生长发育良好,多发新根,提高抗寒、抗旱能力。 [图片]缺少磷肥 磷肥不足花卉生长缓慢,叶小,花果小,成熟晚,下部叶片的叶脉间先黄化而后呈现紫红色。 自制磷肥 含磷较多的有机肥有骨粉、米糠、鱼鳞、家禽粪便等。无机磷肥有过磷酸钙、磷矿粉、钙镁磷肥等。今天,花花教大家自制的磷肥是骨粉。 [图片]1、浸泡稀释盐分 取一大盆清水,把吃剩的那些动物骨头——猪排骨、鱼骨头等,放进去浸泡一天,把盐分稀释。 2、晾晒碾碎 把泡好的骨头放在阳光底下晾晒几天,感觉发脆之后,敲打碾碎成骨粉。 使用:应在离植株根旁6~8厘米处施用骨粉或埋在盆土底部。 钾肥功效 钾肥能使花卉茎杆强健,提高抗病虫、抗寒、抗旱和抗倒伏的能力,促使根部发达。 [图片]1、缺少钾肥 缺钾会导致花卉叶缘出现坏死斑点,最初下部老叶出现斑点,叶缘叶尖开始变黄,继之发生枯焦坏死。 2、钾肥过多 钾肥过量,会引起花卉全株矮化,叶色变黄,甚至枯死。 自制钾肥 平时喝剩下的茶水、草木灰水等都是上好的钾肥。最具代表性的有机钾肥首推草木灰。今天,花花教大家如何制作草木灰。 [图片]1、点火烧制 选择枯树枝、枯草等点火烧制。 2、用水扑灭 烧至呈黑灰色时要及时泼水使火熄灭。 使用:把草木灰撒在土面上,每次浇水时,草木灰会顺水进入土壤。
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