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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-2½' tall, consisting of a loose cluster of basal leaves and flowering stems that develop directly from the creeping rootstock. On the lower portion of each flowering stem, there is a pair of opposite leaves. Both the basal leaves and the lower opposite leaves of the flowering stems have a similar appearance. They are up to 5" long and across, and palmately cleft with 5 deep lobes. Each of these lobes is wedge-shaped at the base. The leaf margins have a few secondary lobes and coarse teeth. The upper pairs of leaves on the flowering stems are like the lower leaves, except they are smaller in size and they usually have 3 primary lobes, rather than 5. The upper leaf surface is medium green with fine appressed hairs. The long petioles of these leaves are light green, terete, and coarsely hairy. The flowering stalks (peduncles) are up to 6" long and ascending to erect; like the stems with opposite leaves, they are light green to reddish brown, terete, and coarsely hairy. Each flowering stalk terminates in a floppy corymb or umbel of 2-5 flowers; sometimes only a single flower is produced. Each flower is about 1–1¼" across, consisting of 5 rounded petals, 5 green sepals, 10 stamens with pale yellow anthers, and a single pistil with 5 carpels. The petals are pale purplish pink and obovate with rounded tips; they have fine veins radiating across their surfaces that function as nectar guides. The sepals are light green, hairy, lanceolate-oblong or elliptic-oblong in shape, and cuspidate (tapering abruptly into short narrow tips); they are shorter than the petals. Both the flowering stalks (peduncles) and pedicels have non-glandular hairs. The blooming period occurs during the late spring to early summer, lasting about 1 month. The pistil of the flower elongates into a beak-like fruit about 1–1½" long. As it matures, the 5 slender carpels of this fruit curl upward and backward to fling the seeds from the mother plant. The seed surface is reticulated. The root system consists of a dark stout rootstock that produces rhizomes; it is high in tannins. This plant often forms colonies. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is light shade to partial sunlight, moist to slightly dry conditions, and rich loamy soil with abundant organic matter. This plant also tolerates full sunlight if there is sufficient moisture in the soil. It is one of the easier woodland species to cultivate. Range & Habitat: The native Wild Geranium is a common plant of woodlands that occurs in all counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include both floodplain and upland woodlands, savannas, meadows in wooded areas, semi-shaded seeps, and rocky glades. Sometimes it invades hill prairies from adjacent wooded areas. Wild Geranium is a typical species of mesic deciduous woodlands. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract bumblebees, mason bees (Osmia spp.), cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.), long-horned bees (Synhalonia spp.), Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp., etc.), Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), and other bees. An Andrenid bee, Andrena distans, is a specialist pollinator (oligolege) of Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum). The flowers also attract Syrphid flies, dance flies (Empis spp.), butterflies, and skippers. Other insects feed on the leaves and other parts of Wild Geranium. This includes leaf-mining larvae of the beetle Pachyschelus purpureus, Acyrthosiphon malvae (Geranium Aphid) and Macrosiphum geranii (Wild Geranium Aphid), Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus (Yellow Plant Bug), burrowing bugs (Sehirus spp.), stink bugs (Euschistus spp.), and ebony bugs (Corimelaena spp.). The caterpillars of some moths species also feed on Wild Geranium and other Geranium spp., including Lacinipolia lorea (Bridled Arches), Heliothis virescens (Geranium Budworm Moth, Tobacco Budworm Moth), and Archips purpurana (Omnivorous Leafroller Moth). Among vertebrate animals, the Eastern Chipmunk sometimes eats the seeds, while the White-tailed Deer occasionally browses on the foliage. [图片]Photographic Location: A flower garden at Crystal Lake Park in Urbana, Illinois, and Busey Woods in the same city. Comments: The Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum) is the showiest of the native geraniums in Illinois with flowers at least 1" across. All of the others are far less showy because they have smaller flowers. There is a European species, Geranium pratense (Meadow Geranium), with equally large flowers, but it has not been observed in the wild in Illinois. This species has a similar appearance to the Wild Geranium, except that the hairs on its flowering stalks and pedicels are sticky-glandular, and its leaves are more divided and finely cut. Another European species, Geranium sanguineum (Long-Stalked Geranium), is rarely observed as a naturalized plant in Illinois. It has flowers with notched petals and its leaves are smaller in size.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
Description: This sub-shrub is 3–8" (5–20 cm.) tall. It has ascending semi-woody stems that are sparingly branched. These stems are light green to bright red and more or less terete; they are sparsely to moderately covered with appressed white hairs. Alternate evergreen leaves occur along these stems. The leaves are ¾–2" (2–5 cm.) long and about one-third to one-half as much across; they are elliptic, ovate, obovate, or oval in shape. The margins of the leaves are sparsely serrated with bristly teeth. The upper leaf surface is medium to dark green, hairless, and shiny, while the lower leaf surface is light green, hairless to sparsely appressed-hairy, and dull. Leaf texture is somewhat stiff and leathery, while leaf venation is pinnate. The petioles of the leaves are light green to bright red and less than ¼" (6 mm.) long; they are sparsely to moderately covered with appressed white hairs. The foliage of this sub-shrub has a minty (or wintergreen) fragrance, especially when it is crushed. Either solitary or short racemes of 2-5 nodding flowers develop from the upper leaf axils. Each flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) in length, consisting of a white bell-shaped corolla (sometimes tinted pink) with 5 short outwardly curled lobes, a white calyx with 5 ovate-oval lobes, 5 inserted stamens, and a pistil with a single stout style. The calyx is much shorter than the corolla. At the base of each flower, there is a pair of tiny ovate to heart-shaped bracts; these bracts can be light green, white, or red, and they have membranous margins. The pedicels of the flowers are up to 1/3" (8 mm.) in length, light green to red, and more or less terete; they are sparsely to moderately covered with appressed white hairs. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer, lasting about 3 weeks. The flowers are reported to be fragrant. Afterwards, fertile flowers are replaced by berry-like fruits that become mature during late summer or early autumn. Mature fruits are about 1/3" (8 mm.) or slightly more across, bright red, and globoid in shape; they have a fleshy interior that is slightly sweet and minty (wintergreen) in flavor. Each fruit contains many tiny seeds. The root system has shallow rhizomes, from which clonal subshrubs develop. The evergreen foliage becomes reddish or purplish during the autumn. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to light shade, moist to dry-mesic conditions, relatively cool temperatures, and somewhat acidic soil containing either sand or loam with decaying organic matter. Growth and development are relatively slow. Flowers and fruits are more likely to be produced in brighter locations. The seeds are difficult to germinate. Range & Habitat: Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) is native to northern Illinois, where it is rare and state-listed as 'endangered' (see Distribution Map). Elsewhere within the state, it is absent from natural areas. Wintergreen occurs primarily in the Great Lakes region, northeastern USA, and adjacent areas of Canada; it also occurs in the Appalachian mountains in high-altitude areas. In Illinois, the habitats of this sub-shrub are largely restricted to upland oak woodlands, wooded hillsides, forested bogs, and shrubby bogs. In more northern areas, it is often found in coniferous woodlands, mixed woodlands, and shrubby meadows. Wintergreen occurs in high quality natural areas in Illinois. It is easily topkilled by wildfires, although the thinning of the tree canopy and reduction of taller shrubs can cause populations of this sub-shrub to increase. [图片]Faunal Associations: Bumblebees are the primary pollinators of the flowers. Other floral visitors include cuckoo bumblebees (Psithyrus spp.) and the honeybee. Nectar is the primary floral reward for these insect visitors (Mirick & Quin, 1981; Reader, 1977; Lovell, 1898). Other insects feed on the plant sap or foliage of Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens). These species include an aphid (Illinoia borealis) and larvae of two moths, Cameraria gaultheriella and Rhopobota naevana (Blackman & Eastop, 2013; Ferguson, 1975; Needham et al., 1928). Birds and mammals also use Wintergreen as a source of food. The Ruffed Grouse eats the buds, leaves, and fruits; the Bobwhite Quail, Ring-necked Pheasant, and the extinct Passenger Pigeon eat (or ate) the fruits (Bennetts, 1900; Martin et al., 1951/1961; Coladonato, 1994; Schorger, 1955). This sub-shrub provides protective cover for the nests of the rare Kirtland's Warbler in Jack Pine barrens in the state of Michigan (Buech, 1980). Mammals feeding on this sub-shrub include the American Black Bear (leaves & fruits), Red Fox (fruits), Eastern Chipmunk (leaves & fruits), Elk (leaves & twigs), White-tailed Deer (leaves & twigs), Deer Mouse (fruits), and White-footed Mouse (fruits); see Coladonato (1994), Martin et al. (1951/1961), Schneider et al. (2006), Hamilton (1941), and Schloyer (1976) for more information. Fruit-eating birds and mammals spread the seeds to new locations. [图片]Photographic Location: A flower garden at the Urbana Free Library in Urbana, Illinois, and a wooded hillside at the Pine Hills Nature Preserve in west-central Indiana. Comments: The most striking characteristic of this plant is the mint (or wintergreen) fragrance of its crushed leaves, from which oil of wintergreen is made. Even without flowers or fruits, Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) can be identified by the size, shape, and fragrance of its leathery evergreen leaves. Another species in this genus, Creeping Snowberry (Gaultheria hispidula), is found north of Illinois in more boreal areas. Its crushed leaves have the same wintergreen fragrance, but Creeping Snowberry differs from Wintergreen by its prostrate habit of growth, white berry-like fruits, and smaller leaves. Other similar species in the Heath family (Ericaceae) are either larger shrubs or their leaves lack the wintergreen fragrance. Other common names of Gaultheria procumbens are Teaberry and Checkerberry.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-3' tall, branching occasionally. The slender stems have a tendency to sprawl; they are light green to reddish green, angular, and strongly ridged. Usually, there are a few short hairs that provide the stems with a slightly rough texture. At intervals along the stems, there are whorls of 6 sessile leaves. These leaves are up to 2½" long and ½" across; they are oblanceolate in shape, while their margins are smooth and ciliate. Each leaf abruptly tapers to a short pointed tip (cuspidate). Occasionally, 1-3 stalks of flowers develop from the middle to upper whorled leaves; these stalks are often longer than the leaves, and they can be axillary or terminal. Each of these stalks may produce 1-3 flowers on slender pedicels. Each flower spans about 1/6" (4.5 mm.) across, consisting of 4 greenish white to white petals, 4 stamens, and a bristly 2-celled ovary. Each petal tapers to a narrow tip. The blooming period occurs during the summer for about 2 months. Each flower is replaced by a bristly 2-celled carpel; each globoid cell contains a single small seed. The cells of the carpel eventually separate. The root system produces rhizomes. This plant can spread by reseeding itself, or by forming vegetative offshoots from the rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is light shade to partial sun, moist conditions, and a fertile loamy soil. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Sweet-Scented Bedstraw occurs in most areas of Illinois, where it is occasional to locally common (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands, rocky bluffs, areas along woodland paths, thickets, moist meadows, partially shaded seeps and springs, partially shaded riverbanks, and bogs. In badly degraded woodlands, this plant is replaced by Galium aparine (Cleavers). Faunal Associations: The flowers are occasionally visited by small bees or flies; these insects usually suck nectar. The caterpillars of several moths feed on Galium spp. (Bedstraws), including Lobocleta ossularia (Drab Brown Wave), Epirrhoe alternata (White-Banded Toothed Carpet), and Hyles gallii (Galium Sphinx). Other insect feeders include larvae of Dasineura americana (Bedstraw Midge), larvae of the sawfly Halidamia affinis, and the polyphagous aphid Abstrusomyzus phloxae. Deer usually leave the foliage alone. The bristly carpels of Sweet-Scented Bedstraw can cling to the fur of animals and the clothing of humans; by this means, the seeds are distributed to new locations. [图片]Photographic Location: Along a woodland path in a moist area of Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: The common name refers to the vanilla scent of the dried foliage. Sweet-Scented Bedstraw is typically found in moist woodlands. It can be distinguished from other Galium spp. (Bedstraws) by considering the following set of features: 1) there are 6 leaves per whorl, 2) the carpels are bristly rather than glabrous, 3) the leaves are oblanceolate with short pointed tips, and 4) the petals of the flowers taper to narrow tips. Sweet-Scented Bedstraw is one of the larger Bedstraws and its stems can be smooth or slightly rough. Its appearance is similar to Galium aparine (Cleavers), although the latter is an annual plant that occasionally produces 8 leaves per whorl and its bristly stems and leaf margins are more likely to cling to adjacent objects.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 4-20" tall at maturity, developing weak branching stems that have a tendency to lean on adjacent vegetation as they become longer. These stems are light green, angular, and branched; their edges are either smooth or slightly rough from short bristly hairs. Along the stems, there are whorls of mostly 6 leaves; often there are whorls of 4 leaves immediately below the cymes or panicles of flowers. Individual leaves are up to ¾" long and 1/8" (3 mm.) across; they are linear-elliptic in shape with short bristly hairs along their margins. The upper leaf surface is medium to dark green, hairless, and shiny. The leaves are sessile at their bases, while their tips are either blunt or acute. The upper stems terminate in either small cymes or large panicles of flowers; the size of an inflorescence is variable depending on the size of the plant and environmental conditions. Each inflorescence is abundantly branched, terminating in groups of 2-3 flowers on short divergent pedicels. The pedicels of the flowers are light green, angular, and hairless. Each flower is about 1/8" across or a little less, consisting of a white corolla with 4 pointed lobes, 4 stamens, 2 styles, and a 2-celled ovary that is without bristles. Each cell of the ovary is globoid-ovoid in shape and joined together with the other cell along one side. The blooming period occurs during early summer, lasting about 2-3 weeks. The flowers are later replaced with smooth 2-celled fruits that change color from light green to purple and finally brown. Each cell of the fruit usually contains a single seed (or sometimes none). The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. Small colonies of plants often develop from the rhizomes. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is medium shade to dappled sunlight, mesic to dry conditions, and soil containing loam, clay-loam, sand, or rocky material with decaying organic matter. This bedstraw is more tolerant of dry conditions than most species in its genus. It could be cultivated as a ground cover underneath trees. Range & Habitat: The native Shining Bedstraw is common throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include rich mesic woodlands, upland woodlands, open rocky woodlands, sandy woodlands, upper slopes and tops of bluffs, shaded cliffs, and woodland edges. Generally, this bedstraw is found in upland wooded areas where deciduous trees, especially oaks, are present. Faunal Associations: The small flowers are cross-pollinated by small bees and flies, including Masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp.), and Syrphid flies. These insects suck nectar from the flowers. Other insects feed on the foliage, flower tissue, or plant juices of Galium spp. (bedstraws). These insect feeders include the caterpillars of such moths as Epirrhoe alternata (White-Banded Toothed Carpet), Lobocleta ossularia (Drab Brown Wave), and Hyles gallii (Galium Sphinx). Another insect, Myzus cerasi (Black Cherry Aphid), uses bedstraws as summer host plants. Because the stiff bristly hairs of the leaves can cling to passing objects, animals may play a minor role in distributing the seeds to new locations. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at a wooded bluff in east-central Illinois and the edge of a sandy woodland in NW Indiana. Comments: Shining Bedstraw can be identified by its attractive shiny leaves in whorls of 6, its smooth fruits, and its preference for upland wooded locations.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
水晶掌小巧玲珑，好似用翡翠雕成的一朵小小莲花，因此被誉有有生命的工艺美术品，多摆在案头陈设，令人玩味无穷。 在日常养护中相信很多花友都遇到过水晶掌叶子腐烂的情况，这多半是因浇水与施肥不合理所造成的。下面就来具体分析一下。 [图片]水晶掌叶子腐烂 水晶掌喜好湿润的环境，但是浇水过多，会造成根部的腐烂，进而延伸到叶子部位，使叶子发黄逐渐腐烂枯萎。 当施肥过多的时候，也会灼伤水晶掌的根系部位，影响叶子的生长发育，使叶子因为缺乏根部提供的养分而逐渐枯萎腐烂。 解决办法 一定要注意浇水控制，在气温干旱炎热的季节，可以浇足够的水分，但是不要积水在盆土里；还可以时常在叶子表面喷洒水珠，保持叶子的湿润、光泽。 冬季注意一定要少浇水，盆土不干或者没有干透就不要浇水。 施肥要按植株的生长状况来界定，植株生长小且慢。可以施肥多一点，但不要过多，施肥以后就可以浇水，施肥料能够稀释，也好帮助植株吸收。 植株生长快也要施肥，保证养分的提供，总的来说施肥不要过多，更不可以施生肥，保护根部的健康生长。 [图片]水晶掌叶子颜色暗淡 水晶掌喜好温暖而湿润及半荫的生长环境，尤其注意要通风，以便叶子可以呼吸新鲜空气。 当因为通风不良，再加放置在很阴凉，没有光照的地方，就会导致其叶子出现颜色变暗淡的情况，及其影响植株的美观程度。 解决办法 注意在早晨以及夜晚阴暗的时候要放置在有光照的地方，有助于叶子生长发育； 在中午光照强烈的时候，要移动到半阴凉的地方，注意遮光，以免灼伤叶子，使叶子颜色渐变暗淡。 平时要注意通风，但不要直对风口，通风时间一般不超过2小时每天。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
有多少人跟小编一样，初见碧光环那张照片惊为天人！很多人形容它为小萌兔，但当你养大它后，你会感觉它欺骗了你，完全没有了萌的感觉，肉友们也为此纠结了很长时间。当然，今天我们并不谈论它的外貌，而是要来说说日常养护它时，遇到烂根怎么处理，那么又是什么原因导致它烂根的呢？ [图片]烂根原因1、盆土排水性能不好 虽然碧光环根系发达，也不怕水，建议用较深的盆养殖。但是要求是土壤要用透气性良好的，花盆也是同样的要求。 盆土排水性能不好，但是生长期的碧光环又需要大量的水分，就容易导致浇水之后水分长期浸渍根系，根系容易腐烂。 烂根原因2、病虫害 碧光环的烂根有可能是病虫害导致的。根腐病，黑腐病，根结线虫等等。 碧光环烂根怎么处理 碧光环根系发达，跟发出来的芽形成鲜明对比，一个大块头，一个小巧玲珑。烂根之后先将植株拔出，清洗干净根系，然后切掉腐烂部位，晾晒两到三天，切口愈合之后，再移栽到土壤湿度适宜的花盆中。 如果是病虫害导致的根系腐烂，剪除腐烂部位之后要及时喷洒药剂，可用多菌灵灌根。 [图片]季节养护 1、碧光环是属于冬型的植物，其生长期在秋冬春三季，而夏季才是它的休眠期。在休眠期的时候，碧光环原本嫩绿的像兔耳一样的叶子就会慢慢变黄最后枯萎。很多花友以为这是植物死亡了，就用各种办法浇水施肥让其复苏。 2、碧光环在冬季处于休眠期叶片枯萎是属于正常的现象，休眠期的时候不要给其浇水，只要把它放在能够遮阳且通风良好的位置，让其自然生长即可。到了9月份生长期的时候，给其浇水，它就自然的复苏了，标志性的兔耳叶子也会慢慢长出来。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
子持年华是景天科瓦松属多肉植物，生长速度比较快，子持莲华叶半圆形型，蓝色略有白粉，聚生成莲座状，个头大概可以长到三四厘米左右，群生的子持年华还是很美的，叶片中间生出的小植株可以摘下来长成棵新的植株，在春季和秋季可开花，两三个月，而且带有香气。 但当绿绿的叶片发黄时，很多友友无法找到其原因，下面小编就来给大家分析一下： [图片]叶片发黄原因1、光照不足 就子持年华的习性而言，子持年华喜欢阳光充足相对温暖的地方。因此子持年华叶片发黄很可能是缺少光照和温度太低导致的，在这种情况下要避免长时间将植株放置于阴凉处或者半阴凉处，转移至光照充足的地方。但要注意不要一直放置于强光之下，尤其是在夏季炎热的时候一定要通风遮阳。 叶片发黄原因2、浇水量过多或过少 若子持年华叶片发黄可以拿竹签试一试盆土是否干湿，用以检验植株是否缺水，若盆土发干则是植株缺水的缘故，这时需要适当增加浇水量，多喷水，以满足植株需水量，若盆土过于湿润则是浇水量过多的缘故，这时需要适当减少浇水量，疏松土壤以避免渍涝致使根部腐烂，损坏整个植株的生命力。另外一定要注意通风，浇水要干透才进行，尤其是夏季一定要避免雨淋，避免积水。 [图片]叶片发黄原因3、盆土缺铁 这个原因不是常见，但如果光照和水量适宜的话，可以考虑。这种情况下可以在花盆里埋入一些废铁器，或者适当施加一些含铁量高的肥料，以增加盆土含铁量进而补充植株所需养料，防治叶片发黄的症状。 对于子持年华叶片发黄的原因要了解清楚，一定要对症下药，否则也许情况会更加糟糕。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
玉蝶，让许多人又爱又恨，爱它，是因为它好看不贵，而且很容易成老桩群生；恨它，是因为它很容易黑腐，尤其是在夏天的时候，简直就是一言不合就黑给你看。至于黑腐的原因，各种深入浅出的道理分析详解不尽，其结果是该黑的还是要黑，该撒手肉寰的你拦也拦不住。 辛辛苦苦养了3、4年要黑也就是一天功夫，首先我认为，黑腐是该品种的一种遗传病，它的基因里就带有了易黑腐或不耐黑腐的基因，就像人一样，有的人出生身体就弱，从小到大几乎天天生病吃药，而有的人出生体质就好，从小嘴壮，能吃能喝，几乎都不怎么感冒，景天科中也是一样，有些品种十分易黑，有些则基本不黑，景天里石莲（玉蝶、静夜之类）的较易黑，银波属（熊童子之类）的几乎不黑，青锁龙（达摩方塔之类）和景天属（虹之玉、乙女心之类）的也不，莲花掌的也会黑但不像石莲那样较易黑，这说明石莲这一类的在其抗逆基因里黑腐抗性就弱，较易黑腐。 [图片]黑腐部位 玉蝶较爱黑腐的部位一般多发生于靠进根部的茎部，也有些多发生于和土壤有相关接触的茎部，说明在空气置换较少或接触部位多的地方，发生黑腐几率高，我不知道黑腐是怎样形成的，但我们可以根据黑腐发生教训来避免黑腐的几率。 以下几点是我在实际栽种过程中总结出的易黑腐的几点教训：　　 1、土壤不够透气，植料太过细小，代表就是园土，整个土壤内部被糊的密不透气，这样在高温的时候会容易从根茎部进始黑腐（茎黑腐）　　 2、高温给水，这个主要是夏天了，浇水最好在晚9点后，最好看天气预报，挑一个第二天阴天但又不下雨的天浇，避免第二天高温高湿或下雨后又浇一边，形成积水　　 3、细菌性的，这个就不说了，我不知道都是什么菌会引起黑腐，总之把植料弄的干净些有好处。　 4、状态差，就像人免疫系统低时会得病一样，一般来说植株是否健康很大取决于根，根好则即使没有光和温差，整株植株的抗性也不会太差，但根不好时，植株将进入发根状态，在新根没有生出时只能进行自我内耗，这个阶段整个植株抗性很低较易发生黑腐，这也是上面第3点为什么新种玉蝶易黑腐。　　 5、新种下的玉蝶最好除去那些细小的毛细根，保留那些较粗的根，潮土种下，放在亮点的地方，或适当遮荫，等待缓盆，如顺利的话半个月就有明显状态上的变化，如果实无变化，最多一个月则要看一下，是否根部出现黑腐状态，有时候一个新种植的植株长时间没变化或变差，很可能埋入土中的那截已出现黑腐的症状，这种你拨出来一般会发现和你种下去的时候根几乎没的变化也无新发根，所以新种缓盆也有一定的黑腐风险。　　 6、杰克，这个养景天的都很头痛，大家都会和杰克做战， 杰克也是会引发黑腐的，它蜡制的外表不怕水，药水也难打死它，淡黄色的分泌物即粘手，也恶心，还粘在植物上堵塞气孔。　　　 7、生理性黑腐，我感觉有一部分黑腐是生理性的，可能是植物进化的一种结果，或者这种情况不属于黑腐但发病外观和黑腐十分接近，这种黑腐一般不至命，常常为达到的结果仅是分株，这种情况好发于茎下端细长部，这部分不具备完整的茎功能，豪无支撑力可言，看上去作用仅仅是连接主茎进行水份营养输送。　　 [图片]这种茎一般多长于高盆但只有半盆土的土中，这种种植方式一般只会有一个粗状的主茎，而其它的茎下部则会长的绵软细长（我叫它须茎，这个不是玉蝶独有的，我发现特玉莲、蓝石莲也有这样的情况），在靠进盆口处的茎才会长的较粗一些，而这些须茎就该是盆高土低，非主茎的叶为向光而加速生长而形成的，这种细茎根本没什么支撑力，如果换盆的时候，你会发现它们还十分容易和主茎脱落，即使换盆无脱落，换完盆这些茎不能支撑，都完全是贴在土面上的，大大降低了群生的观赏性，而且这部分须茎也易黑腐，但大部分只是这段发生黑腐，向上到正常的茎部向下到连接主茎的根部就会停止并自愈，而这段旁茎的那段茎部由于贴土面会在茎部上生根形成独立供己，少数情况下黑腐会至不住至使整个旁茎乃至整株死掉，即使换盆脱落的带须茎的旁茎，就是重新种下一段时期后挖出发现这段须茎也会在土中腐掉，也有不腐的，但这段须茎很少或几乎不会有根，所以换盆脱落的这种茎，就把须茎剪掉晾干再种下吧，关于这一点，这只是我在种的时候发生的一些情况进行的猜测，没有数据对比，也是没时间做这种系统的工作，只是感觉有一些这样的情况会发生，也不是少数，所以就写出来，也可能是我所处的环境个例，不以偏概全，但种的时候还是建议土给的多一些，不要半盆土这样的情况。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月12日
Miss Chen
小黑飞不单啃食植物，长大后还可以叮人。 常见花盆里的黑色小飞虫。别名眼菌蚊、菇蝇、菇蛆、菇蚊、闽菇迟眼蕈蚊等，属双翅目，尖眼蕈蚊科，也有称菇蚊。成虫，体翅灰黑色，体长3.8mm左右，实质上就是又小又黑又能飞的蚊子！最常危害的东西是菌类（菌类的种植环境适合极了他们繁殖，适合活又有得吃），因此别名有：眼菌蚊、菇蝇、菇蛆、菇蚊、闽菇迟眼蕈蚊等。幼虫，蛆状，头小，黑色，体白色半透明或乳白色，12节，幼虫体长可达4.7～5.8mm。 [图片]小黑飞繁殖方式 主要是卵，4个幼虫阶段，蛹，成虫7个阶段的变态发育，是棚植兰花，蘑菇等虫害昆虫，发虫率100%。繁殖速度快，易生于潮湿土壤，幼虫以土壤中的真菌藻类为食。 小黑飞的危害性 啃食植物根部和多汁叶片，个体太小，危害甚微，但是传染真菌，造成针对品种植物叶片感染；成虫雌性叮人。 小黑飞多能泛滥呢？ 小黑飞一年完成多代，从卵发育成成虫只需23天，平均20.7天，其中卵期5-6天，幼虫期9-13天，蛹期4-6天。能飞之后，小黑飞就开始交配，雄虫交配后1-3天死亡，雌虫交配后24小时产卵，一只雌虫平均可以产60-70个卵，雌虫产卵后2-4天内死亡，盛发期在在每年3－4月和10－11月的多雨季节。为什么会有小黑飞泛滥？ 最主要的原因，你当下的种植环境适合小黑飞生长繁殖，什么样的环境适合小黑飞繁殖呢，潮湿，只要长期潮湿就够了，如果再阴暗点，土壤里多带点腐殖质（什么鸡蛋壳茶叶，未腐熟的有机肥的）那小黑飞真是再喜欢不过了。次要的原因则是你带回来的土壤含有小黑飞或者小黑飞的虫卵，有的时候也不是带回来的土的错，谁让小黑飞会飞呢，也许就从你周边环境飞过来了。 [图片]多肉植物有小黑飞了怎么治呢？ 治疗小黑飞最有效的方法其实很简单，就是保持种植环境的干燥和通风，幼虫在在略微干燥的环境下两三天就会死亡（一些蘑菇房出现小黑飞的幼虫，据说只要三四天停止浇水，幼虫就会死翘翘），一些颗粒土铺面后，觉得小黑飞没有、少了，其实也是变相的让自己的种植环境的表面变得干燥，不利于小黑飞的生长。这点多肉植物其实很有优势，因为干燥通风原本就是多肉植物喜欢的。　 如果短时间内无法保证自己种植环境干燥的那可以考虑以下几个手段： 物理防治：小黑飞具有趋光性，可利用黑光灯，或普通白炽灯诱集，并在灯下安置盛有杀虫剂的药液的盆（吡虫啉 、乐果、杀灭菊酯等），进行诱杀；也可在菌蚊活动地及出入的窗口放置粘虫胶纸，粘虫灭杀。 化学防治：对小黑飞的防治，可选用有机磷和拟除虫菊脂农药进行防治，药剂的种类很多，如敌百虫、辛硫磷、乐果、杀灭菊酯等，施用得当，一般都有较好的效果，施用方法通常有拌料法、浇灌法、喷雾法。拌料法就是将农药按一它比例拌入种植土中，以抑制小黑飞的生长（呋喃丹，小绿药这种的可以根绝小黑飞）；浇灌法，主要做法是将农药按一定比例兑水稀释后，泼浇种植土壤：喷雾法，即把农药加水稀释后，用喷雾器在小黑飞出没的地方喷洒。PS：农药都是毒，用药请谨慎。 一些土法杀虫：什么橙子皮、蒜头驱虫、风油精、啤酒（据说几乎无效），拿灭蚊剂喷洒（据说有喷伤植物的），洗衣粉稀释后喷洒（洗衣粉含有大量的无机盐，大量使用会导致土壤盐碱化），用蚊香灰洒在花盆里据说效果还不错。 总结，多肉之家提示大家，处理小黑飞最好的办法就是给多肉植物一个干燥的环境，如果小黑飞实在泛滥，不妨尝试物理防治+化学防治+好环境三种手段。有虫不害怕，害怕的时看到害虫还有及时处理，后果就不堪设想。
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权问薇
2018年05月12日
权问薇
[图片]水培为什么会生虫 水源是蚊虫产卵的高发区，特别是静止的水面。 [图片]水培植物属于比较封闭的水源，再加上植物根系产生的营养，更加容易招惹蚊虫 图为不及时换水出现的幼虫 [图片]下图为根系多的水培环境生出幼虫 [图片]随着温度升高，蚊虫活跃，我们如何保持水培绿植的清爽环境呢？ 经常换水，避免生虫 虫卵孵化需要2-3天，所以我们每2-3天就要换水，防止虫卵生出或孵化。 下图中没有及时换水，出现幼虫 [图片]换水时注意植物的根部清洗，将黏黏的附着物洗掉 [图片]如果植物的根系太多，而且有腐烂部分就及时减掉，以免腐烂部分滋生 [图片]重新放入洗干净的容器中（容器可以用开水泡一泡杀菌，或用多菌灵浸泡消毒） [图片]注意：也可以用凉白开作为新的水源哟 水中养鱼，消灭小虫 一些不易换水的水培，可以在水里养些小鱼，小鱼会以幼虫做饵料，帮你消灭它！ 图为鱼花共养，小鱼游来游去是不是更好看了呢 [图片]图为植物与金鱼一起养的观赏缸 [图片]维生素B2杀虫 蚊虫讨厌B2维生素的味道，在水里放几片B2维生素就能“熏”走蚊虫，同时不伤害植物。 [图片]保持通风，避免招虫 将水培植物放在通风的地方，不仅有利于植物的生长，还可以预防蚊虫在水中产卵。 注意水培植物一般不需要多晒太阳，可以放在背阴的阳台通风透气 [图片]或者在封闭的窗台放一会儿 [图片]多多清洁，杜绝生虫 为了保持干净卫生，平时用湿布擦一擦叶片，将死叶摘除，保持绿植整体的清洁。 [图片]
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