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巴黎铁塔
2018年05月12日
巴黎铁塔
[图片]1、喷水增湿 原因：芦荟是典型的喜湿植物，在比较湿润的环境中生长的会很好，但如果在干燥的环境之中时间过长，它就会无法正常生长，叶子也会出现发黄的迹象。 解决方法：在养芦荟处过于干燥的时候要采取一定的措施增加空气湿度，比如在它周围一个盛满清水的水盆、往它的叶子上喷一些水雾等等。 [图片]2、控制浇水 原因：芦荟虽然喜湿，但同样怕涝，在过于潮湿的土壤之中无法正常生长。因为过于潮湿的土壤含水量会很高，这样氧气的含量就会减少，从而影响到根部的呼吸。根部的呼吸受到抑制，就无法正常的从土壤之中吸收营养，叶子也会因为缺少营养的供给而发黄。 解决方法：情况不是很严重的话可以给芦荟松一下土，增加土中的含氧量并且使土中的水分迅速挥发。如果情况比较严重，就需要将植株从土中取出，然后清理掉坏掉的根系，再用新配的土壤另行栽种。 [图片]3、及时施肥 原因：虽然芦荟不是特别喜肥，但是长时间不施肥也会导致它缺少营养，难以正常的生长。 解决方法：先为它施加一些淡薄的肥料，一次不要加太多，等到它的情况有所好转之后，再按照科学的方法为它施肥。 [图片]
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巴黎铁塔
2018年05月12日
巴黎铁塔
[图片]1、增加光照 原因：长时间缺少光照可能会使得米兰无法正产的合成叶绿素，而缺少了叶绿素，它的叶子就会发黄。 解决方法：将米兰放到室内光照充足的地方进行养护。期间，最好定时的转动一下花盆，改变植株的受光方向，让它均匀受光。这样能让它长得更加均匀，不易出现黄叶。 [图片]2、暂停浇水 原因：给米兰浇水太多或是太频繁，会导致土中出现积水，若是不能及时排出，就会影响到根部吸收土中的氧气，从而改变为无氧呼吸的呼吸模式，产生酒精引发烂根。一旦烂根，它就无法正常从土中吸收养分，叶子也会因此发黄。 解决方法：首先暂停浇水，然后将它移动到通风较好的地方，并且松一松盆土或者是换上新的没有水的盆土。之后等土干掉以后再浇水。 [图片]3、用酸性水浇 原因：米兰花是喜欢酸性土壤让的花，如果经常用碱性的水浇它，它同样会出现黄叶。 解决方法：每年使用矾肥水浇灌3-5次，或者是在浇水之前先在水中滴加一两滴不含盐分的食醋。之后再换土的时候为它换上酸性的土壤。 [图片]
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巴黎铁塔
2018年05月12日
巴黎铁塔
[图片]1、减少浇水 原因：仙客来虽然喜水，但同样怕涝，浇水太多会使土壤中出现积水，然后损伤到植株的根系。这样它就无法正常从土中汲取养分，进而出现叶子发黄的现象。 解决方法：减少给仙客来的浇水频率，并且将花盆放到通风的地方，让土中水分挥发掉。 [图片]2、增加光照 原因：光照不足可能会导致仙客来无法正产进行光合作用，无法正常合成叶绿素，从而使得叶子发黄。 解决方法：将仙客来移动到阳光充足的地方进行养护。 [图片]3、喷水增湿 原因：仙客来比较喜湿，长时间处于过于干燥的环境之中会使它无法正常生长，叶片发蔫发黄，没有精神。 解决方法：平时注意仙客来周围的湿度情况，过于干燥的时候就用喷壶往它周围喷一些水雾，或者是在它的花盆旁边放一盆清水，增加湿度。 4、及时施肥 原因：若是长时间缺少营养，它的叶子也有可能会出现发黄的情况。 解决方法：及时施加一些肥料或者是营养液，不过要注意不能一次加的太多，要少量多次的施肥，这样便于它的恢复。 [图片]
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巴黎铁塔
2018年05月12日
巴黎铁塔
[图片]1、更换土壤 原因：若是选用的土壤排水性不足，浇入的水无法及时渗入土中，多肉就无法获得足够的水分，从而出现黄叶。 解决方法：为多肉更换透水性好的土壤。 [图片]2、减少浇水 原因：平时给多肉浇水太多，让致土壤中出现积水，就会影响到植株根部的呼吸。而根部一旦受损，从土中吸收养分的功能就会受到阻碍。而叶片没有充足的养分供给，就会变黄。 解决方法：给多肉松一松土，即用铲子小心的插入土中，轻轻摇动，让土壤松动，使其中的水分能够快速挥发。以后要减少浇水的频次。 [图片]3、增加光照 原因：若是平时将它放到了过于阴暗的地方，没有充足的光照，它就无法正常的合成叶绿素，也会导致植株叶子发黄。 解决方法：将多肉搬到光线充足的地方进行养护。 4、注意事项 不要一发现多肉黄叶就将它们全都拔掉。因为多肉的叶片储存了不少的养分，直接拔掉，这些养分就白白浪费了。一两片叶子确实没有多少养分，但是数量一多，养分的总量也很大。可以等到它们的养分别吸收掉开始发瘪的时候再将它们拔除。 [图片]
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巴黎铁塔
2018年05月12日
巴黎铁塔
[图片]1、提高温度 原因：在冬天，如果将杜鹃花放在10℃以下的地方时间较久，或者是让它被冷风直吹，它就有可能被冻伤，进而产生黄叶。 解决方法：首先将它移到室内温度高于10℃的地方，然后将冻坏的枝叶剪去，慢慢养护。 [图片]2、减少浇水 原因：若是给杜鹃花浇水太多，会使土壤之中出现积水，这些积水会影响到杜鹃花根系的呼吸，使之无法正产从土壤之中获得养分。而缺少了养分的滋养，它的叶片就很可能发黄。 解决方法：用石块将花盆垫高，然后将它放到通风的地方，使土壤之中多余的水分挥发出来。之后再养它的过程之中不要浇太多的水。 [图片]3、及时修剪 原因：杜鹃花生长的比较旺盛，需要每年修剪一次，如果没有修剪，它会长得非常茂盛，枝叶之间会相互遮挡，影响通风和透光，使部分叶片得不到足够的氧气和光照，然后发黄。 解决方法：及时为杜鹃花进行修剪。最好每年开花之后就进行一次修剪，讲太密的地方剪疏，并且将生病的、瘦弱的枝条剪去。 4、用酸性水浇 原因：杜鹃花是喜欢酸性条件的花，如果长时间用碱性的水浇它，它就会产生黄叶。 解决方法：改用酸性的水去浇它，或者是在浇它的水中加几滴食醋。 [图片]
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我说肉肉你说萌！
2018年05月12日
我说肉肉你说萌！
多肉叶子掉基本可以理解为多肉对当下有害的生长环境的应激反应，如：骤变/太热/潮湿的物理环境、化学伤害（喷药浓度过高）、病菌侵染等，一般来说掉叶子大概分以下几种情况。 1.好端端忽然的掉叶子了，之后还能继续生长，通常是在天气比较闷热，盆土比较潮湿的情况下发生的，今天一大瓢水下去，明天会发生什么事已经不好说了。有可能是高温高湿下，盆土不透气造成的植物根系缺氧，迫使根系无氧呼吸，产生一些如脱落酸之类的有害物质，多肉对环境的不适应，自身的一些应激手段。应对的方法，天气热的时候，少浇水，不要让盆土长期潮湿，浇水尽量选择傍晚，还有注意通风。 譬如说，水里泡久了肯定掉叶 [图片]对于一些本身不容易掉叶的品种来说，掉叶是掉不了的，但可以变黄、化水 [图片]另外有时候极端环境下呆久了或者环境骤变也会导致多肉不适应，于是掉叶，忽然升温降温等。 经历过一个夏天暴晒，只能掉叶明志的胧月 [图片]2.不碰没事，一碰就掉，这种可能是因为平时浇水比较多，而又缺少光照，叶片比较娇嫩，可以通过少浇水，增加点光照改善，这类多肉也主要体现在一些叶片很肥厚的多肉，譬如景天属、厚叶草属、风车草属等，像虹之玉、桃美人、熊童子之类。 3.掉叶子了，然后一发不可收拾，接着挂了。这种通常是真菌类病害引起的，譬如大家都喜欢说的黑腐病，黑斑病也会引起，茎干腐烂也会引起，这种掉下来的叶片，通常很快就会化水发霉，可以注意观察植物茎干有没异常，譬如说植株叶色忽然变浅异常色、茎干干瘪颜色异常等，看到了果断该砍头就砍头，一直砍到茎干颜色正常（通常显白或者显绿），不要有带一丝黑色褐色的，伤口处抹点杀菌药，伤口晾干，只能尽人事听天命。 4.另外一种一碰就掉的原因，就是植株本身已经出问题了参考第三点，但病害还不严重，可以观察掉落叶片（如叶片生长点是不是发黑发褐）、茎干、叶色有无异常，然后考虑上面的砍头方法。 最典型的，夏天的玉蝶，只要一碰就掉叶子，基本就是说明出问题了，哪怕颜色看上去还正常，也应该喷下杀菌药，发展到植株中心都发白了，基本已经没救了。（PS：玉蝶真的是个奇葩，此前露养都没事，后来遮阴了，状态上绿了点，可能接连淋了几天雨，厦门这段时间又经常升降温，就出事了，但大叔有种感觉，当初如果我不管玉蝶，玉蝶应该不会出事...） [图片]总之，多肉掉叶片，可以先想想养护环境是否恶劣（闷热潮湿），有没异动（忽然大水大太阳，降温升温等），之后，避免这些情况。如果出现明显病症了，如叶片化水、叶片生长点发黑，茎干发黑，可以考虑喷些广谱性杀菌药，杀菌药可以参考这里。 但是吧，有时候也得接受，天气热了，什么事情都会发生这种现实。
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巴黎铁塔
2018年05月12日
巴黎铁塔
[图片]1、更换土壤 原因：若是长时间没有给橡皮树换土，土壤之中的养分被植株吸收的所剩无几，就很难继续支持植株继续正常生长。它就会因为养分供给不足而出现黄叶的现象。 解决方法：给橡皮树换土：。在室内进行换盆的操作，事先为它准备好合适的新盆和新土。首先将室温调至15℃左右，然后将植株从原来的盆中取出，之后将剪掉坏掉的根须，再将之栽入到新的盆土之中，浇透水，放到阴凉处养一段时间，就可以恢复正常养护了。 [图片]2、浇水施肥 原因：橡皮水对水分和肥料的需求量比较高，长时间不浇水施肥会导致它缺乏养分，无法正常的生长，进而出现黄叶等现象。 解决方法：及时浇水施肥。若是长时间没有给橡皮树浇水，那就为它浇一次透水，之后按照科学的方法进行浇水。若是长时间没有给它施肥，那就给它补加一些稀释过的磷钾肥。 [图片]3、加强通风 原因：若是橡皮树长时间处于过于封闭的环境之中，没有足够的新鲜空气供给，它就有可能会因此产生黄叶。 解决方法：将橡皮树移动到空气流通的地方。若是室内养殖的话可以适时开窗通风，增加空气流通性。 [图片]
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Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is ¾–2' tall with erect to ascending stems. These stems are sometimes branched at the base, otherwise they are unbranched (except when axillary inflorescences are present). The stems are light green, 4-angled, and glabrous to sparsely hairy. At intervals along these stems, there are whorls of 4 leaves. The leaves are up to 2½" long and 1" across, lanceolate-ovate to ovate, medium green, sessile, and sparsely pubescent on both the lower and upper sides. Their margins are smooth and ciliate. Each leaf has 3 prominent parallel veins. Usually, the leaves toward the middle of each stem are largest. Each major stem terminates in a dichotomously forked inflorescence that produces only a few flowers; sometimes smaller inflorescences develop from the axils of the upper leaves. Like the stems, the branches of each inflorescence are 4-angled, light green, and glabrous to sparsely hairy. At each fork of the inflorescence, there are 0-4 small bracts that are linear or linear-lanceolate in shape. The flowers occur individually along these branches and they are usually sessile (or nearly so). Each flower is about 1/8" (3 mm.) across, consisting of a corolla with 4 lobes, a double-ovoid ovary, 4 stamens, and a pair of styles. The corolla is usually greenish white or greenish yellow; less often, it is purple. The immature ovary is green, bristly, and 2-celled. The blooming period usually occurs during the early summer and lasts about a month. At maturity, each ovary becomes a dry fruit that is black or dark brown, globoid in shape, and covered with hooked bristles. One cell of this fruit produces a single nutlet, while the other cell becomes a small fleshy elaiosome (food appendage). The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. This wildflower spreads by reseeding itself or vegetatively through its rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight to medium shade, mesic to dry conditions, and a loamy or rocky soil with some decaying organic matter (e.g., fallen leaves). The foliage usually remains in good condition throughout the summer. Range & Habitat: The native Wild Licorice is occasional to locally common throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include mesic to dry deciduous woodlands, bluffs, woodland borders, areas along woodland paths, thickets, and limestone glades. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers are visited sparingly by small bees and miscellaneous flies; these insects usually seek nectar. The caterpillars of several moths feed on Galium spp. (Bedstraws), including Lobocleta ossularia (Drab Brown Wave), Pleuroprucha insulsaria (Common Tan Wave), Scopula limboundata (Large Lace Border), Epirrhoe alternata (White-banded Toothed Carpet), and Hyles gallii (Galium Sphinx). Bedstraws are summer hosts of Myzus cerasi (Black Cherry Aphid); another aphid, Aphis gossypii (Cotton Aphid), has been found on the leaves of Wild Licorice. Among vertebrate animals, the Eastern Box Turtle occasionally eats the foliage of bedstraws in woodlands; White-tailed Deer also eat the foliage of these plants to a limited extent. The hooked bristles of the fruits can cling to the fur of mammals and the clothing of humans; this distributes the seeds into new areas. Because each fruit contains an elaiosome that is attractive to ants, these insects also help to distribute the seeds. Photographic Location: A deciduous woodland at Pine Hills Nature Preserve in west-central Indiana. Comments: While the flowers are not very showy, the foliage is reasonably attractive. Wild Licorice has larger leaves than most Galium spp. (Bedstraws). In addition to this characteristic, it can be distinguished from other bedstraws by its whorls of 4 leaves, pubescent leaves, bristly fruit, and/or flowers that are sessile along the branches of each inflorescence. A very similar species, Galium lanceolatum (Lance-Leaved Wild Licorice), has hairless leaves that are more narrow toward their tips, and its flowers are usually purple. Both of these species prefer shaded habitats that are rather dry.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
Description: This annual plant is up to 1' long and sparingly branched. Its slender stems are glabrous and sprawling to erect. The alternate leaves are up to 3" long and 2" across; they are pinnately compound with 3-7 narrow leaflets. Each leaflet is linear-oblong, smooth along the margins, and hairless.Close-up of Flower Occasionally, a leaflet may be cleft into 2-3 narrow lobes. Both the stems and leaves are light green and rather mossy in appearance. Individual flowers develop from the axils of the upper leaves. Each flower is about ¼" across, consisting of 3 green sepals, 3 white petals, 6 stamens (usually), and a single style. The sepals are lanceolate-ovate and much larger than the petals. The petals are narrowly oblong and inconspicuous. The slender pedicel of each flower is about 1" long. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring and lasts about a month. During the heat of summer, the foliage turns yellow and quickly withers away. Each flower develops 1-3 carpels that are globoid and bumpy across the upper surface. The carpels are initially pale green or pale yellow, but they later turn brown and release the seeds. The root system consists of a slender branching taproot. This plant spreads by reseeding itself, and it often form colonies at favorable sites. Cultivation: The preference is diffuse sunlight to light shade during the spring when vegetative growth and development occurs, otherwise it can be quite shady. The soil should be consistently moist and loamy or silty. This plant doesn't like to dry out. Range & Habitat: The native False Mermaid occurs occasionally in northern and east central Illinois, otherwise it is rare or absent (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic deciduous woodlands and low-lying areas along springs and small rivers in wooded areas. False Mermaid is usually found in high quality woodlands where the original flora is still intact. This is one of the spring wildflowers in woodlands that is threatened by the invasion of Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard). Faunal Associations: The small inconspicuous flowers can attract flower flies and small bees. The foliage is not known to be toxic and may be edible to mammalian herbivores, although little is known about floral-faunal relationships for this species. Photographic Location: A moist area of Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. [图片]Comments: This inconspicuous little plant is easy to overlook, except where it occurs in sizable colonies along the woodland floor. The delicate foliage is attractive and resembles moss or a Galium sp. (Bedstraw). It isn't immediately obvious when False Mermaid is blooming as the flowers are inconspicuous – careful inspection at the right time during the spring will reveal the green sepals, tiny white petals, and the stamens. It is fairly easy to identify this plant because each flower has only 3 sepals and 3 petals, while the alternate leaves are pinnately compound. Other woodland plants with a similar appearance include Galium spp. (Bedstraws) and Ellisia nyctelea (Aunt Lucy). Bedstraws have flowers with 4 petals and their simple leaves occur in whorls. Aunt Lucy has pinnately compound leaves, but its flowers have 5 white petals and its foliage is more or less hairy.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月11日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower consists of a rosette of basal leaves during the spring that spans about 6-12" across. The blades of the basal leaves are up to 8" long and 6" across; they are cordate to oval-cordate in shape and crenate-serrate along their margins. The upper surface of these blades is medium green and hairless to short-hairy, while the lower surface is pale green and hairy along the major veins. The petioles of the basal leaves are up to 6" long, light green, and usually hairy. During the summer, unbranched or sparingly branched stems with alternate leaves are produced, while the basal leaves wither away. These stems are light green to pale reddish green, terete, and variably hairy: usually the lower stems are hairless, while the upper stems are short-hairy. The blades of alternate leaves are up to 4" long and 3" across; they are mostly cordate with margins that are serrate or crenate-serrate. Some of the upper leaf blades may be ovate in shape. The upper surface of these blades is medium green and hairless to short-hairy, while the lower surface is pale green and hairy along the major veins. The petioles of the alternate leaves are up to 3" long and they are often winged, particularly where the petioles join the stem. The upper central stem of each plant (and any upper lateral stems) terminates in a flat-headed panicle (corymb) of flowerheads spanning 3-8" across. Individual flowerheads are ½-1¼" across, consisting of 8-20 ray florets that surround numerous disk florets. The petal-like corollas of the ray florets are lavender or white. The tubular corollas of the disk florets are initially pale yellow or yellow, but they later become orange-red, dark red, or brown. The tubular corolla of each disk floret has 5 slightly spreading lobes at its apex. At the base of each flowerhead, there are numerous floral bracts (phyllaries) that are arranged in 4-6 series; they are appressed and overlapping. Individual floral bracts are more or less oblong in shape and mostly green, except for the narrow white margins along their sides; they are short-pubescent and occasionally ciliate along their margins. The tips of these bracts are usually blunt; less often, they are somewhat pointed. The peduncles and pedicels of the panicle are light green, relatively stout, and covered with short glandular hairs. At the base of each branch of the panicle, there is usually a single leafy bract up to 1½" long that is broadly oblong or broadly elliptic; these bracts are sessile. [图片]The blooming period occurs from late summer to early fall and lasts about 1-1½ months. During the autumn, both ray and disk florets are replaced by small bullet-shaped achenes; each achene has a tuft of tawny hairs at its apex. The achenes are distributed by the wind. The root system is fibrous and long-rhizomatous; on older plants, a small caudex sometimes develops. This wildflower often forms clonal colonies by means of the spreading rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to medium shade, moist to dry-mesic conditions, and soil consisting of rich loam or sandy loam. Distribution MapRange & Habitat: The native Big-Leaved Aster is found only in the northeast section of Illinois, where it is rare. This species is more common in areas that lie to the north or east of the state. Habitats consist of beech-maple woodlands, sandy oak woodlands, sandy oak savannas, elevated areas (hummocks) in swamps, stabilized sand dunes where oak trees are dominant, and woodland borders. Usually, Big-Leaved Aster occupies high-quality natural areas that are more or less mesic (neither too dry nor too wet) and relatively little-disturbed by human activities. Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract a large variety of insects, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, beetles, and plant bugs. An oligolectic Andrenid bee, Andrena hirticincta, has been observed visiting the flowerheads of Big-Leaved Aster (see Graenicher). Other insects feed on the foliage and flowers, suck plant juices, or bore through the stems and roots of this aster and others. Examples of such insect feeders include caterpillars of the butterflies Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot) and Phyciodes tharos (Pearl Crescent); also the caterpillars of Carmenta corni (Aster Borer Moth), Cucullia asteroides (The Asteroid), Schinia arcigera (Arcigera Flower Moth), and other moths feed on asters (see Moth Table). Other insects feeders include the larvae of Calycomyza humeralis (Aster Leafminer Fly), several aphids (mostly Uroleucon spp.), Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Aster Leafhopper), the lace bugs Corythucha marmorata and Galeata spinifrons, the leaf beetles Exema canadensis and Ophraella pilosa, the plant bug Plagiognathus cuneatus, and others (see Insect Table for a more complete listing of species). Some vertebrate animals use asters as a food source. The Ruffed Grouse and Wild Turkey eat the seeds and foliage, while the White-Tailed Deer and Cottontail Rabbit sometimes browse on the foliage. The foliage is also edible to cattle, sheep, and other domesticated farm animals. Photographic Location: The photograph of the basal leaves was taken at a deciduous woodland in NW Ohio, while the photographs of the flowerheads were taken at a woodland border and a sandy oak savanna in the Indiana Dunes State Park, NW Indiana. [图片]Comments: Sometimes Big-Leaved Aster is referred to as Aster macrophyllus. The large basal leaves of this aster are very conspicuous during the spring. During the autumn, Big-Leaved Aster resembles many other woodland asters and it is more difficult to identify. However, it can be distinguished from similar species by the appearance of its floral bracts (phyllaries), the presence of short glandular hairs on its peduncles and pedicels (a 10x hand lens may be required), and the flat-headed characteristic of its panicles. Most asters have elongated panicles of flowerheads that are not flat-headed. A species that is not found in Illinois, Eurybia divaricata (White Wood Aster), shares this flat-headed characteristic with Big-Leaved Aster and its leaves have a similar shape. However, White Wood Aster has flowerheads with fewer ray florets (about 5-10), its peduncles and pedicels usually have non-glandular hairs, and its basal leaves are smaller in size.
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