动态第293页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2018年04月23日

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant produces a few basal leaves that are 1-4" long and a little less across; they are usually oval-cordate in shape and their margins are crenate-serrate. Less often, the basal leaves are trifoliate. The petioles of the basal leaves are slender and about 1-4" long. During the spring, a flowering plant develops that branches occasionally; it is about 1-3' tall. The stems of this plant are light green, terete, and glabrous, while its alternate leaves are trifoliate (rarely are they ternately trifoliate). The leaflets of these compound leaves are 1-2" long and about one-half as much across; they are lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in shape and their margins are serrate-crenate. A few leaflets may be sharply divided into 1-2 lobes, but this is atypical. Both the basal leaves and leaflets of the alternate leaves have upper and lower surfaces that are green and glabrous. The petioles of the alternate leaves are less than 1" long; they are enveloped in sheaths. The petiolules (basal stalklets) of the terminal leaflets are ¼-1" long, while the petiolules of the lateral leaflets are less than ¼" long. The upper stems terminate in compound umbels of flowers that span 1-3" across. Each compound umbel has 6-12 rays (floral stalks) that terminate in small umbellets of flowers; the rays are light green to pale purplish green, grooved along their upper sides, and glabrous. Each umbellet has 5-12 rays about 4 mm. long that terminate in individual flowers. Each flower is about 2-3 mm. across, consisting of 5 maroon (reddish purple) petals, a short green or purplish green calyx with 5 teeth, 5 stamens, and a 2-celled ovary with a pair of styles. The tips of the petals are strongly incurved toward the center of each flower. Underneath the compound umbel and each umbellet, there are 0-3 floral bracts. If these floralDistribution Map bracts are present, that are linear-lanceolate in shape, small in size, and early-deciduous. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer, lasting about 3-4 weeks. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by small fruits about 4 mm. in length that are broadly ellipsoid-oblongoid in shape and strongly winged. Each fruit consists of a pair of carpels that each enclose a single seed. The carpels can be blown about by the wind to a limited extent. The root system consists of a taproot. Cultivation: The preference is full sun to light shade, mesic to dry-mesic conditions, and practically any kind of soil, including those that contain clay-loam and rocky material. Range & Habitat: The native Purple Meadow Parsnip occurs primarily in the southern half of Illinois, where it is uncommon, while in the northern half of the state it is rare or absent. It should be noted that the available distribution map does not distinguish between the two varieties of this species, Thaspium trifoliatum trifoliatum (Purple Meadow Parsnip) and Thaspium trifoliatum flavum (Yellow Meadow Parsnip). The latter variety is the more common of the two and its range extends further north. Habitats for both varieties consist of rocky upland woodlands, rocky bluffs, upland oak savannas, woodland borders and openings, prairies, streambanks, and roadsides. Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the maroon flowers attract primarily flies and beetles. Robertson (1929) observed a dance fly (Empis loripedis) sucking nectar from the flowers, while the author (or content partner) of this website observed an unidentified beetle feeding on the pollen. The caterpillars of two butterflies, Papilio polyxenes asterias (Black Swallowtail) and Papilio joanae (Ozark Swallowtail), feed on the foliage of Thaspium trifoliatum (Meadow Parsnip). Although the latter butterfly has not been observed in Illinois thus far, it has been found in neighboring Missouri. An aphid, Aphis thaspii, sucks juices from the umbels of the flowers. Photographic Location: Along a roadside in southern Illinois. [图片]Comments: Because of its striking maroon flowers, Purple Meadow Parsnip can be easily distinguished from other similar species in the Carrot family. This does not apply to the other variety of this species, Yellow Meadow Parsnip (Thaspium trifoliatum flavum), which has yellow flowers. In general, Meadow Parsnip (Thaspium trifoliatum) is very similar to Zizia aurea (Golden Alexanders) and Zizia aptera (Heart-Leaved Alexanders). However, the latter two species have fruits that are ribbed, rather than strongly winged, and the central flowers of their umbellets are sessile (or nearly so). Unlike Meadow Parsnip and Heart-Leaved Alexanders, the common Golden Alexanders has compound basal leaves and its alternate leaves are often ternately trifoliate. It also prefers habitats that are more moist.

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

Description: This perennial wildflower is 3-7' tall. It has a central stem that is unbranched below, becoming branched above. The stems are are usually purple, more or less terete, and either glabrous or minutely and sparingly pubescent. The alternate leaves are ternately compound; they are up to 2' long and across, becoming smaller as they ascend the stems. The lower leaves have long petioles, while the upper leaves have either short petioles or they are sessile. Individual leaflets are ¾-2" long and ½-1½" across; they are oblong-ovate or oblong-obovate in shape, while their margins are smooth and sometimes revolute (rolled downward). Individual leaflets usually have 2-3 lobes along their outer margins, but sometimes they are unlobed. The upper leaflet surface is medium green and glabrous, while the lower surface is either light green and glabrous or light grayish green and short-pubescent. The leaflets usually have short slender petiolules (basal stalklets), but sometimes the lateral leaflets in a group of 3 are sessile. The petioles, petiolules, and rachises are usually purple and glabrous, but sometimes they are light green, especially when a plant is growing in shade. Because Purple Meadow Rue is dioecious, individual plants produce either all male (staminate) flowers or all female (pistillate) flowers. Regardless of gender, the central stem of a plant terminates in a panicle of flowers about ¾-2' long and about one-half as much across. In addition, smaller panicles of flowers are often produced from the axils of upper leaves. There is a tendency for female plants to produce smaller panicles than male plants. The branches of a panicle are usually purple and glabrous. Individual male flowers are about 1/3" (8 mm.) long, consisting of 4-5 deciduous sepals and up to 15 stamens; there are no petals. The filaments of the stamens are slender and white, while the anthers are pale yellow. Individual female flowers are about 1/3 (8 mm.) long, consisting of 4-5 deciduous sepals and up to 15 pistils; there are no petals. The pistils are light green. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer for about 2-3 weeks. The flowers are cross-pollinated by the wind. Afterwards, the female flowers are replaced by spindle-shaped achenes that turn brown at maturity. Each achene has a beak at its apex and 4-6 raised ribs along its sides. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. Clonal offsets are sometimes produced from the rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is full sun to light shade, wet to mesic conditions, and soil that is loamy, slightly sandy, or slightly rocky. The size of individual plants can vary significantly depending on environmental conditions. Generally, plants growing in sunlight require more moisture than plants growing in shade. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Purple Meadow Rue is occasional throughout Illinois; it is somewhat more common northward than southward within the state (see Distribution Map). This map refers only to the typical variety of this species. Habitats consist of river-bottom prairies, savannas and thickets, woodland borders, openings in wooded areas, wooded ravines, floodplain woodlands, swamps, and edges of fens. This wildflower has low fidelity to any particular habitat; sometimes it is found in sandy wetlands. Faunal Associations: Even though honeybees and other bees are sometimes attracted to the abundant pollen of male flowers, the flowers of Purple Meadow Rue are not cross-pollinated by insects as its female flowers are devoid of nectar. There are relatively few insects that feed on the foliage, stems, and other parts of this and other Thalictrum spp. This select group of species includes the aphid Nasonovia purpurascens and caterpillars of the following oligophagous moths: Calyptera canadensis (Canadian Owlet), Eosphoropteryx thyatyroides (Pink-Patched Looper Moth), Pseudeva purpurigera (Straight-Lined Looper Moth), and Papaipema unimoda (Meadow Rue Borer Moth). Vertebrate animals make little use of Thalictrum spp. as sources of food, although White-Tailed Deer may browse on the foliage sparingly. [图片]Photographic Location: Along a roadside at Cowle's Bog, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, in NW Indiana. This bog is actually a sandy marsh and fen. The photographed plant is the typical variety of Thalictrum dasycarpum. Comments: Male plants have showier flowers than female plants. Purple Meadow Rue is very similar in appearance to another native species, Waxy Meadow Rue (Thalictrum revolutum), and the two species are easily confused. During the blooming period, the leaf undersides of the latter species are noticeably whitened and waxy in appearance, and they are covered with glandular hairs that glisten in the sunlight. Purple Meadow Rue, in contrast, has leaf undersides that are pale green to light grayish green, and they are either glabrous or covered with non-glandular hairs. For this species, plants with non-glandular hairs are referred to as Thalictrum dasycarpum dasycarpum, while plants that are hairless are referred to as Thalictrum dasycarpum hypoglaucum. Another difference between these two species consists of the following: During the blooming period, the crushed foliage of Waxy Meadow Rue has a skunk-like odor, while the crushed foliage of Purple Meadow Rue is essentially odorless.

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

Description: This is a perennial plant that is about 2-3' tall. It has a stout central stem with four prominent ridges, while much smaller side stems may appear above the leaf axils in the upper half of the plant. The opposite leaves are up to 5" long and 2½" across. They are broadly ovate or lanceolate, coarsely serrated, and have deep venation. The lower leaves have short stout petioles, while the upper leaves are sessile. At the end of each stem is a terminal spike of numerous small flowers from 1-5" long. The flowers are white or light lavender with some purple near the base of the lower lip. Each flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) long, with a greatly reduced upper lip and a long lower lip with a complicated structure. This lower lip functions as a landing pad for insect visitors, above which are two pairs of lateral petal-like extensions. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late summer, and lasts about 1½ months. There is no noticeable scent to the flowers. Each flower produces four round, coarsely pitted seeds with scattered white hairs. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous. This plant spreads readily to form sizeable colonies. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, moist conditions, and a fertile loamy soil. American Germander can tolerate poorly drained conditions, but not much drought. It is occasionally bothered by foliar disease, particularly powdery mildew, when the plant is under stress, but not to the same degree as Wild Bergamot and other susceptible members of the Mint family. This plant can spread aggressively under moist conditions, and is rather weedy. Range & Habitat: This is a common native plant that occurs in every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist black soil prairies, edges of bottomland forests, thickets, moist meadows along rivers, edges of marshes, and around seeps. American Germander can also be found in more developed areas, such as abandoned fields, partially shaded vacant lots, poorly drained waste areas, and along ditches near roads and railroads. [图片]Faunal Associations: Long-tongued bees are the most important pollinators, including bumblebees, honeybees, Anthophorine bees, Cuckoo bees, Miner bees, and Leaf-Cutting bees. These bees collect pollen or suck nectar from the flowers. Other flower-visiting insects include Green Metallic bees, Bee flies, Thick-Headed flies, and various butterflies or skippers. Hummingbirds and Hummingbird moths are unusual visitors seeking nectar. Mammalian herbivores don't bother this plant because of the bitter leaves. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken in a partially shaded waste area near a road in Urbana, Illinois. [图片]Comments: This native plant is easy to confuse with other members of the Mint family, including the Eurasian species. It can be distinguished from all of them by the complicated structure of the long lower lip versus the greatly reduced size of the upper lip in the flowers. Some plants have a slight pubescence on the calyx and bracts, which are identified as var. boreale, while others lacking this pubescence are identified as var. virginicum. The former variety is absent from the southwestern counties of Illinois, while the latter variety occurs in every county. The unpleasant-tasting leaves were assumed to have medicinal value during pioneer days.

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

厚脸皮植物的名字由来是因为它的形态特征，又被称为燕子掌、玉树等，是一种四季常青的植物。下面为大家介绍一下厚脸皮植物怎么养，厚脸皮的养殖方法等相关知识。 [图片]厚脸皮的养殖方法： 1、土壤：厚脸皮这种植物适应性强，栽培管理粗放。盆栽时可用腐叶土3份和砂土1份混合作基质。 2、施肥：厚脸皮生长期每月施肥1次。茎叶生长过高时，应摘心压低株形，促其多生枝。每年春季更新换盆，保持优美株态。 3、光照：因为厚脸皮比较喜欢充足的阳光，所以在有阳光的时候，大家需要尽量把厚脸皮放在阳台上，进行光合作用。但是不能完全暴晒和太阳直射，这样也会导致厚脸皮的枝叶被灼伤。 4、浇水：厚脸皮生长期浇水稍多，保持盆土湿润，但不能积水。秋冬气温下降，应减少浇水。冬季开花，严格控制浇水，但不要忘记浇水。 5、病虫害：厚脸皮主要有灰霉病、白粉病危害，可用70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂1000倍液喷洒。虫害有介壳虫和蚜虫危害，用40%乐果乳油1000倍液喷杀。 6、修剪：为了让厚脸皮可以枝叶繁盛，同时更好的健康成长，在我们进行修剪的时候，最好保持原本形状，只针对老黄的枝叶进行修剪。不要一次性过多的修剪，这样会损害厚脸皮的植株。 [图片]厚脸皮的养殖注意事项： 1、光照：夏天需要给厚脸皮植物遮荫，其它季节都应有充足的光照，否则叶缘的色彩将消失。 2、摘心：对新上盆的厚脸皮小苗要及时摘心，促进分枝;对于较老的植株，其茎半木质化、脱脚且多弯曲不挺立，观赏价值降低，应予以短截，使其萌发新枝。 3、换盆：在给厚脸皮盆景进行换盆工作的时候，需要留点旧土，然后再添上一些新鲜的土壤。在施肥的时候，不需要太多。在生长期的时候，每周浇水2次左右即可，不要太多;但在高温湿热的环境当中，浇水的次数需太多，在枝叶上喷洒点水雾，保持生存环境湿润即可。厚脸皮的繁殖方法：脸皮常用扦插、不定芽和播种繁殖。扦插，以5-6月最好，将健壮叶片平放在沙床上，与沙紧贴，保持湿度。插后1周即能从叶缘齿缺处长出小植株。长成后切割移入盆内。枝插，剪取顶端枝条8-10厘米长，稍干燥后插入沙床，1周后开始生根，2周后可盆栽。不定芽繁殖更为简便，将叶缘生长的较大不定芽剥下可直接上盆。播种，种子细小，播后不覆土，播后约12-15天发芽，发芽率高。

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

电视剧《甄嬛传》中宁贵人一人雨中拾合欢花，想必这让很多人知道了合欢花的存在，合欢花味甘性平。现代药理研究发现，合欢是一种神经系统强壮剂，具有舒解郁结、缓和紧张、减轻疲劳等作用。因此如有胸胁滞满、忧郁不解、失眠健忘等症者，每次取合欢花9克～15克，沸水泡饮，通过其舒郁、理气、安神的作用，自可除忧解烦，心情舒畅。接下来一起来看看合欢花茶的功效作用以及饮用方法吧。 [图片]一、合欢花茶的功效作用合欢花，在中国是极受人们喜欢的一种花，古人曾有语：“叶似含羞草，花如锦绣团。见之烦恼无，闻之沁心脾”。这就是对合欢花极大的赞赏，合欢花除了观赏价值高，而且合欢花茶的功效与作用也有很多哦。 1、合欢花茶有养心健脾、解郁理气的功效，适用于神经衰弱、胸闷不舒、眼疾等。常饮合欢花茶可使身心愉快，头脑清晰;2、长期服用合欢花茶,也是极佳的自疗。而患胸胁胀满,忧郁不解,失眠健忘的人,取合欢花9～15g,用沸水冲泡饮用,利用合欢花的舒郁,理气,安神功用,可以改善症状;3、合欢花茶能安五脏心志，悦颜色，在强身、镇静、安神、美容方面效果极佳;4、也能治疗神经衰弱，在夏季还具有清热解暑，养颜斑解酒的功效。 [图片]二、合欢花茶饮用方法 1、简单泡水：合欢花茶是以干燥的花蕾冲泡，取一大匙放进壶中，再倒入沸水，只需焖2-3分钟即可享用。 2、合欢花的泡法及喝法 a、单泡，取大概4-6克合欢花，然后直接往里面加开水，过大概5分钟左右即可饮用。 b、和冰糖共冲，取少量冰糖，往里面冲白开水，取4-6克合欢花，加入到里面，过5分钟左右，即可饮用。 c、和蜂蜜共冲，取少量蜂蜜，往里面冲白开水，再取4-6克合欢花，加入到里面，过5分钟左右，即可饮用。 3、合欢花茶搭配： ①材料准备：合欢花10克、白芍10克、酸枣仁8克、柏子仁5克; ②将材料分别用清水冲洗干净、滤干、备用。 ③将白芍、酸枣仁、柏子仁三种材料一起放入砂锅中，加入500ml清水，开大火，至煮沸，调成小火煎煮5分钟，关火，取汁备用。 ④将合欢花放入杯中，加入茶汁，闷泡6分钟，即可饮用。

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

澳洲杉一年之中都是绿色的，在自己的客厅或者工作室内放上一盆，一年四季绿油油，看一眼都会觉得精神变好了。它们还有一个净化空气的优点，可以帮助人类改善空气环境，对我们的健康也大有裨益。但是要怎样进行管理呢？ [图片]澳洲杉的养殖方法： 1、土壤：澳洲杉适合于排水良好富含腐殖质的微酸性砂质壤土，盆栽时，以园土、腐叶土、泥炭苔混合配制而成的基质为好。 2、光照：澳洲杉喜欢漫射光，宜置于棚内明亮处。若长期放于阴暗处，应隔几周移到阳光下适当照射，可使浓绿的叶子保持美丽的色泽。 3、浇水：澳洲杉在春到秋季间，应多浇水，但忌盆内积水。高温干燥时，要对盆株及附近的地面喷水，以降温增湿。浇水要及时，不要待土壤干燥后再浇水。自秋末以后，逐渐减少浇水，以增强其抗寒力。 4、温度：生长季节长，除夏季温度超过32℃时，澳洲杉整年都能生长。 5、施肥：生长季节应每隔2周追施一次肥料，以含氮、钾的复合肥为宜。供肥不足，易使枝叶泛黄。 6、虫病害：澳洲杉病虫害极少，在室内养护时，多见介壳虫危害，可喷施杀扑磷、毒死蜱·机乳油、国光蚧必死等防治，效果良好。澳洲杉的养殖注意事项： 1、夏、秋季为生长期，盆栽的既可放置外半阴处，亦可摆在窗口有光照的通风处管养，忌摄氏35℃以上的烈日曝晒，亦不宜久放无光度的蔽荫处。这样都会造成枝叶枯黄或徒长，影响观赏价值。 2、生长过程中，为避免主干向一面倾斜，宜半月转盆一次，让植株均匀受光。此外，幼树树干脆弱，容易弯曲变形，宜从幼株时就立以支柱以固定主干。为防止植株长得过高，应每隔2-3年在春暖后换盆一次。平时要注意保护好侧枝，以免被损害而影响株形。 3、澳洲杉在正常情况下，不必修剪枝条，让其自然生长。生长适温为10～25℃，越冬温度为5℃以上。越冬季节，可给予一定的光照，盆土也不可过干，晴朗天气还应喷水增加湿度。 [图片]澳洲杉多久浇一次水? 在养护过程中，澳洲杉多久浇一次水，这要根据盆土湿度来决定了。在夏季，一般情况下，一个礼拜浇水两次就足够了。在冬天对于浇水的控制，可以比夏季减少一次。澳洲杉盆景在春到秋季间，应多浇水，但忌盆内积水。高温干燥时，要对盆株及附近的地面喷水，以降温增湿。浇水要及时，不要待土壤干燥后再浇水。自秋末以后，逐渐减少浇水，以增强其抗寒力。夏季在盆土半干时浇，浇水的时候沿盆边浇一圈即可。如果天气很干燥的时候，要在澳洲杉盆景的周围喷水，作用是增加空气的湿润度，以给其创造一个湿润的适宜环境。澳洲杉的观赏价值比较好，制作成盆景布置在客厅书房等可以让家居增添生机外还加深了文化韵味，不过在养护中就得注意了，以免因为养护不当而影响观赏价值，影响布置环境的效果。澳洲杉的繁殖方法：澳洲杉主要靠种子繁殖，但扦插也能繁殖子株。 1、播种培育出的苗坚挺强壮，生长旺盛，适宜作批量繁殖。一般在7～8月间，将刚刚采到的种子先破伤种皮，以促进发芽，否则留土久易使种子腐烂，然后再将处理过的种子播于沙床中，覆盖细砂约1.5～2厘米。保持25～28℃和一定湿度的条件下，约经2～3周即可发芽，发芽后立即进行栽植。　　2、扦插时，若选择主轴或徒长枝作插穗，易造成植株冠形不正，只能横向生长，影响观赏价值。切取容易生根的健壮枝条先端2～3节为插穗，除去部分叶子，用清水浸泡一夜，然后插入以粗砂或蛭石为基质的沙床中。保持20～25℃的温度和较高的空气湿度，3个月左右后即可生根。

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

“松针”为落叶乔木，树冠广卵形；树皮灰褐色，深纵裂；一年生枝淡绿色，后转灰白色，并有细纵裂纹；枝有长短之分，短枝上的叶簇生，长枝上的叶螺旋状散生；枝条顶端叶片扇形，有两叉状叶脉，一般有奇数对称3-5裂，中裂深达叶长1/2-2/3，有长柄；枝条中部至基部有少量针状和筒状叶片，针状叶片的形状极似松针；雌雄异株，球花生于短枝顶的叶腋或苞腋，花期4-5月，雄球花为柔荑花序，雌球花有长梗，梗端有1-2盘状珠座，每座生1胚珠，发育成种子；种子核果状，近球形，外种皮肉质，有白粉；10-11月果熟，熟时淡黄或橙黄色，有臭味；中种皮骨质，白色；内种皮膜质，种仁生食无苦味。“松针”与对照品种普通银杏比较性状差异如下：“松针”的叶片形状为针形、筒形、条状深裂的扇形或半扇形；而银杏为扇形。“松针”应用于行道、公园、庭院、广场、旅游景点等。今天要为大家讲述的是松针真的可以降血糖吗？ [图片]一、松针的概述以无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚为溶剂，采用分级萃取的方法分别从新鲜和干枯雪松松针中提取挥发油，利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明：新鲜松针中有65种组分，其主要成分是烷烃、烯酸、烯酮、甾醇类，而干枯松针的组分有44种，其主要成分是烷酸、酮类、酯类以及甾醇类物质，其中甾醇类物质的含量比较高。干枯松针中的组分存在形式相对比较稳定。以松针泡茶喝可治高血压，高血脂、祛风活血，明目，安神，解毒，止痒。用于流行性感冒，风湿关节痛，跌打肿痛，夜盲症，老年痴呆症，神经衰弱;外用治冻疮。对性功能减退、糖尿病、便秘、青年人的经常感冒、青春痘、过敏性鼻炎、肥胖等有特殊的疗效。喝茶长寿密方：“一品全松茶”风靡日本：在日本有一种被认为最简单的养生之道(松针的药用价值)。松针粉用作畜禽饲料添加剂或直接饲喂畜禽，不仅能节省饲料，降低生产成本，而且对促进畜禽生长发育、增强抗病力和提高生殖功能等具有明显的促进作用。松针茶的品质特征：外形舒展挺直似镇，色泽翠绿。嫩香持久，汤色嫩绿明亮，滋味鲜双醇和，叶底嫩绿鲜活，有松香的独特气味。现代药理研究发现：松针抑制失眠有奇特效果，原因是枕内松针挥发物通过口、鼻吸入和透过脑部穴位经络，直接达到位于枕后部的睡眠神经，松针特有的镇心安神作用，逐渐修复睡眠神经，从而恢复人体自然睡眠的功能。 [图片]二、松针可以降血糖吗以及多种微量矿物质、生物黄酮类物质、不饱和脂肪酸。松针的药用价值要远远高于松树的其他部位。松针提取物可以扩张血管、提高免疫力，此外还能增加性激素的分泌，可对男性强精，是身体组织年轻化。松针不仅可以降血糖，而且还可以很好地降低血氨含量，来降低血压。这是由于松针中含有α-氨酪酸，这种酸可以有效地促进葡萄糖的分解，从而促进大脑的代谢作用，使得脑功能活络。松针中含有的辅氨酸是构成人体骨骼的重要成分，可以起到强筋健骨的效果。松针中含有的甘氨酸是人体所必需氨基酸之一，在人体内起到新陈代谢作用。

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Miss Chen

2018年04月23日

青苹果竹芋竹芋科、竹芋属多年常绿的草本植物，根出叶，丛生状，植株高大，可达70厘米。叶柄为浅褐紫色，叶片圆形或近圆形，中肋银灰色，花序穗状。2005年1月广州花博园举行的“中国首届盆栽花卉交易会”上获得“金花奖”。 [图片]青苹果竹芋原种产于巴西等国，性喜高温多湿的半阴环境，畏寒冷，忌强光。栽培宜用疏松肥沃、排水良好、富含有机质的酸性腐叶土或泥炭土。圆叶竹芋叶色清新宜人，适合做中型盆栽，装饰居室。那青苹果竹芋的养殖方法和注意事项有哪些呢? 青苹果竹芋的养殖方法： 1、土壤：栽培宜用疏松肥沃、排水良好、富含有机质的酸性腐叶土或泥炭土。 2、。肥料：生长期间，可每周浇施稀薄有机肥1次。盆栽植株在用作居家或公共场所陈列时，可浇施或喷施0.2%的尿素加0.1%的磷酸二氢钾混合液。进入夏季后，当气温高于32℃时，应停止施肥。秋末冬初，若棚室温度低于18℃，也应停止一切形式的追施，否则易引起肥害烂根。 3、光照：喜半阴，忌强光暴晒。自仲春到仲秋，要求遮阴，阳光过强，易招致叶色苍白干涩，甚至叶片出现严重的灼伤。但光线又不能过弱，否则会导致叶质变薄而暗淡无光泽，失去应有的鲜活美感。所以冬季摆放于棚室内的盆栽植株应给予补充光照。 4、温度：喜温暖平和的环境，不耐酷热，畏高温，且耐寒性较差，其生长适温为18℃至30℃。春末夏初当环境温度超过25℃时，要通过搭棚遮阴、环境喷水等措施，来为其创造一个凉爽通风、湿润半阴的环境。冬季要求环境温度不低于10℃，当棚室温度低于5℃时，地上部分会受到严重的冻害。一般情况下，秋末来临当环境温度降至10℃之前，要及时将其移放入棚室内的阳光充足处。 5、浇水：喜湿润，忌干旱，空气干燥易导致出现叶缘枯焦、生长不良现象。生长季节，每天除浇一次水外，还应加强叶面和环境喷雾，使空气相对湿度保持在85%至90%以上。寒冬到来时，除注意保温外，还应严格控制浇水，此时盆土过湿易造成根茎腐烂，而维持盆土稍干，即使叶片出现枯萎现象，春回气暖后植株还会重新抽出新叶。新叶开始萌发时也不能过多浇水，要随着新叶的增多，逐步增加水量，方可有利于植株的健壮生长 6、病害：常见的病害有叶斑病和锈病，可用0.5∶0.5∶100的波尔多液或50%的多菌灵可湿性粉剂800倍液喷洒，每10天一次，连续喷洒2次至3次，可取得良好的防治效果。 7、虫害：在高温、干燥的条件下，叶片因遭红蜘蛛的危害会出现大量小黄点，严重降低其观赏价值，可用25%的倍乐霸可湿性粉剂2000倍液喷杀。有时亦会发生介壳虫危害。 [图片]青苹果竹芋的养殖注意事项：青苹果竹芋通风，需要在外界气温在16℃以上进行，可直接吹于植株上，但是大风时要减少通风量或不通风，防止叶片受损。低于16℃则不宜多通风，不利于其生长，也可用缓风改善空气质量。晚上与白天均需通风，只在秋季白天通风、晚上因气温低而减少通风或不通风即可，主要是保护竹芋。青苹果竹芋在生长期间，可每周浇施稀薄有机肥1次。盆栽植株在用作居家或公共场所陈列时，可浇施或喷施0.2%的尿素加0.1%的磷酸二氢钾混合液。进入夏季后，当气温高于32℃时，应停止施肥。秋末冬初，若棚室温度低于18℃，也应停止一切形式的追施，否则易引起肥害烂根。青苹果竹芋用中小型精致陶瓷盆栽种，用作一般居家的客厅、书房、卧室摆设，点缀效果是很不错的。

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Miss Chen

2018年04月22日

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-3' tall, branching sparingly. The stems are round, hairless, and dull green to reddish brown. They may be slightly glaucous. The larger leaves are doubly compound, while the smaller upper leaves may be singly compound. They are arranged alternately along the stems. In each compound leaf, the leaflets form groups of three (trifoliate). A lower compound leaf may be 12" long and 6" across, while the upper compound leaves are much smaller. There is a sheath at the base of each compound leaf. A typical leaflet is about 1" long and ½" across. It is dull green with a smooth surface and edges, and oval, ovate, or oblanceolate in shape. The terminal leaflet has a conspicuous petiole, while the side leaflets are usually sessile, or nearly so. Some of the upper stems terminate in compound umbels of tiny yellow flowers. When fully mature, a compound umbel will span about 4-7" and consist of about 12-15 umbellets. The umbellets will be widely spaced, giving the compound umbel and airy appearance. Each umbellet will consist of about 12 flowers. Each flower is less than 1/8" (3 mm.) across and has 5 yellow petals. The blooming period occurs during late spring or early summer and lasts about one month. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each flower is eventually replaced by a 5-angled fruit. The root system consists of taproot. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun and dry conditions. Poor soil is preferred, consisting of clay, rocky material, or some sand, as this reduces the competition from other plants. This plant adapts well to slopes, although it may not remain very erect. Disease doesn't appear to disfigure the foliage very often. Drought resistance is very good. Range & Habitat: The native Yellow Pimpernel occurs occasionally in northern and central Illinois, but is uncommon or absent in southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include dry upland prairies, edges of hill prairies, upland savannas, rocky upland forests, bluffs, areas along woodland paths, eroded clay banks in semi-shaded areas, and thickets. This plant typically occurs at the edge of dry wooded areas, especially where slopes occur. Faunal Associations: The flowers attract small bees, wasps (including parasitic wasps), flies, and beetles. These insects seek nectar primarily, although some bees may collect pollen and some flies and beetles may feed on pollen. Some of the fly visitors include Syrphid flies, Tachinid flies, Chloropid flies, March flies, and Blow flies, while bee visitors include Nomadine bees, Little Carpenter bees, Halictid bees, Carder bees, and Andrenid bees. The caterpillars of the butterflies Papilio polyxenes asterias (Black Swallowtail) and Papilio joanae (Ozark Swallowtail) feed on the foliage of this plant; the latter insect has not been observed in Illinois, although it has been found in Missouri and western Kentucky. Little information is available about this plant's relationships to birds and mammals as a possible food source. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken along a path in an upland woodland near Charleston, Illinois, and at the edge of a hill prairie in Vermilion County, Illinois. Comments: Among members of the Carrot family, Yellow Pimpernel has an unusual appearance because the leaflets lack any lobes or teeth. This makes the species easy to identify in the field. Also, the compound umbels are unusually open and airy in appearance. This member of the Carrot family is rarely seen in cultivation, but should be grown more often as the tiny flowers attract many beneficial insects.

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Miss Chen

2018年04月22日

Description: This perennial herbaceous plant forms a semi-evergreen rosette of basal leaves up to 10" across. During the spring, this plant bolts, producing one or more erect to ascending stems with alternate leaves; these stems are 1½–3½' long. The stems are light green or yellowish green, terete, and somewhat brittle; they are usually glabrous below, while above they usually have hairs that are arranged in lines. The basal leaves and lower alternate leaves are up to 5" long and 2" across (excluding their petioles); they are cordate to ovate in shape and slightly to strongly toothed along their margins. The petioles of these leaves are winged and up to 5" long (usually shorter for the lower alternate leaves than basal leaves). As the alternate leaves ascend their stems, they become smaller in size, more narrow in shape (lanceolate-ovate to elliptic), and their winged petioles gradually become shorter. Uppermost alternate leaves are often sessile or nearly so. The middle to uppermost alternate leaves have margins that are slightly toothed or toothless (entire). The teeth of all leaves, when they are present, are crenate to serrate. The upper leaf surface is dull medium green and sparsely covered with short stiff hairs, while the lower leaf surface is hairy primarily along the major veins. With age, some leaves may lose their hairs. The central stem and any upper secondary stems terminate in panicles of flowerheads about ½–1½' long and about one-half to one-third as much across. Together, these inflorescences often resemble a compound panicle of flowerheads. Individual flowerheads are about ½" (12 mm.) across, consisting of 8-12 pistillate ray florets that surround a dense head of 10-15 perfect disk florets. The petaloid rays are widely spreading, narrowly oblong in shape, and usually white (rarely lavender). The corollas of the disk florets are up to 5 mm. (nearly ¼") long and narrowly tubular with 5 uppers lobes; they are initially yellow, but later become pink or light purple. [图片]The base of each flowerhead is surrounded by phyllaries (scale-like floral bracts) in several overlapping series. Individual phyllaries are greenish, linear-lanceolate in shape, and variable in size; they are appressed together or slightly spreading. The midsections of these phyllaries are dark green and linear in shape throughout; the tips of these phyllaries taper gradually into narrow stiff tips. The branches of each inflorescence and peduncles of the flowerheads are light green and sparsely hairy. Along the branches of each inflorescence, there are leafy bracts up to 1" long that are linear to narrowly elliptic in shape. The blooming period occurs from late summer to mid-autumn, lasting about 1 month for a colony of plants. Afterwards, the florets are replaced by achenes with small tufts of whitish hair; they are distributed by the wind. Individual achenes are about 2 mm. long, ellipsoid-oblongoid, slightly compressed, purplish brown or brown, and longitudinally ribbed. The root system is fibrous and short-rhizomatous; older plants often develop a small woody caudex. Sometimes, clonal offsets develop from the rhizomes. [图片]Cultivation: This plant prefers full or partial sunlight and mesic to dry conditions. A variety of soil types are tolerated, including those that contain loam, clay-loam, sandy-loam, or rocky material. This plant is not difficult to cultivate, although it should be watered during hot dry spells of the summer. Range & Habitat: White Arrowleaf Aster is occasional throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map). This map is derived from information in Jones (1989). Habitats include upland savannas, sandy savannas, woodland edges, small meadows in upland areas, rocky glades, thickets, abandoned fields, roadsides, and areas near railroads. This plant is found in both high quality and disturbed habitats. It probably benefits from occasional fires in wooded areas, or other kinds of disturbance that thin-out the tree canopy. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract a wide variety of insects, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, bee flies (Bombyliidae), wasps, butterflies, and skippers. Aster species (Symphyotrichum spp.) require cross-pollination from these insects in order to produce fertile seeds. The caterpillars of a butterfly, Phyciodes tharos (Pearl Crescent), feed on the leaves of asters, especially smooth-leaved species. Many moth species feed on the foliage and other parts of asters (see Moth Table), as do many other insects (see Insect Table), including leaf beetles, lace bugs, plant bugs, stink bugs, aphids, leafhoppers, larvae of leaf-mining flies, and larvae of fruit flies. Some vertebrate animals use aster species as a source of food. For example, the Wild Turkey and Ruffed Grouse feed on the seeds and young foliage. Deer, rabbits, groundhogs, and many domesticated farm animals also feed on the foliage, particularly when it is young. Photographic Location: An upland meadow at Moraine View State Park in McLean County, Illinois. [图片]Comments: White Arrowleaf Aster has a history of taxonomic instability. It has been regarded as a variety of Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Heart-leaved Aster) and Symphyotrichum sagittifolium (Arrow-leaved Aster) in the past. It is also similar to Symphyotrichum drummondii (Drummond's Aster). Some taxonomists consider Symphyotrichum sagittifolium to be a synonym for Symphyotrichum urophyllum, however A.G. Jones (1989) ultimately separated them taxonomically. White Arrowleaf Aster can be considered distinct from the preceding aster species in this group by the following characteristics: 1) the petaloid rays of this aster are usually white, rather than lavender, 2) the alternate leaves of this aster tend to be more narrow in shape, 3) the phyllaries of this aster have midsections that are dark green and linear in shape throughout their length, rather than narrowly diamond-shaped and dark green toward their tips, and 4) the phyllaries of this aster tend to have tips that are more tapered and stiff. White Arrowleaf Aster is also less hairy than Drummond's Aster. A scientific synonym of White Arrowleaf Aster is Aster urophyllus.

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