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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
This cute-looking wildflower is a member of the Arum familiy (Araceae) and occurs in the Mediterranean region from October through until March. It always reminds me of the old-fashioned humbug sweets - I dislike the sweets but love the flower! It is very common in fallow fields and other pastureland, but can also be found in wasteland and on roadside verges. The leaves of the plant are a very distinctive arrow-head shape and appear before the flowers. Early in its flowering season a good way of finding the flowers is to 'rummage' through the leaves, although later the flowers grow quite tall and the heads of the 'friars' can be found protruding well above the top of the leaves.
Many types of arum grow throughout the Mediterranean region including the lovely white Arum Lily which flourishes in damp ditches having made a getaway from the restrictions imposed upon it by gardeners. The closest wild relative we have to Friar's Cowl in the UK is Arum maculatum (also referred to as Cuckoo Pint and Lords and Ladies), and this is also a plant of roadside edges and wasteland where we more frequently spot the bright red berries which occur after the somewhat inconspicuous flowers have died back.

Far and away the most spectacular of the relatives of this diminutive arum is the Common Dragon Arum, Dracunculus vulgaris, which, by contrast, is enormous and advertises its presence from a considerable distance by its exceedingly unpleasant smell.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
This exotic-looking evergreen member of the Heath family can grows to a height of 12m. With its glossy evergreen leaves and either flowers or fruits (sometimes both) present in every month of the year, the Strawberry Tree is easy to recognise. Identification The short-stalked leaves of this much-branching woody plant are hairless, glossy green, oval and slightly toothed. Trunk and branches are brown with reddish tinges towards the bristly growing tips.
Typical of members of the Ericaceae, the drooping flowers are bell like; they are typically 8mm long and 5mm in diameter, sometimes white but more often tinged with red, pink or green. Smelling like honey, the flowers are particularly attractive to bees, including honey bees. Fruits of the Strawberry Tree start off green but turn orange and eventually red; they do look a little bit like their ground-hugging namesakes, but instread of seeds on the surface there are pyramidal outgrowths all over the spherical fruits. When fully ripened they taste quite pleasant (but not much like strawberries) although with a hint of bitterness. Distribution Arbutus unedo is a native of the Mediterranean region, most plentiful in the west. We see lots of Strawberry Trees in southern Portugal, where they grow wild in the hills around Monchique in the Algarve region and in the Alantejo further north.
Habitat The Strawberry Tree is most commonly found on poor soils in maquis habitats, but occasionally plants can be seen on woodland edges and around field margins, generally on higher ground well away from the coast. Blooming Times Arbutus unedo produces its flowers between October and April. Uses Although the fruits of Arbutus unedo do not taste anywhere near as nice as they look (they are a bit like lychees), the Portuguese use them to make Aguardente de Medronhos, a brandy-like alcholic drink sometimes called simply Medronho. The wood of the Strawberry Tree can be used to make high-grade charcoal.
Similar Species Arbutus andrachne, the Eastern Strawberry Tree, is found in Crete and parts of the eastern Mediterranean. The flowers are erect rather than pendent, and the papery bark of the tree is orange-red and peels off in strips.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Above: Yellow Columbine flowering in the Rocky Mountains in early July. Yellow Columbine is the most common of the three species that grow in the Rocky Mountains, the other two being Colorado Blue Columbine - Aquilegia coerulea and Red Western Columbine - Aquilegia elegantula.
The best time to see this flower in bloom is from mid-June to mid July. Yellow Columbine grows in moist, acidic habitats on rocky ledges, mountain meadows and subalpine slopes.
Various parts of the plant have been used to make medicines: the seeds can be crushed and added to hot water to cure headaches, and tea made from the dried roots and leaves, has been used to treat stomach and bowel complaints.
Aquilegia flavescens is a protected plant and so the flowers should never be picked, or the plants dug up and removed. It is easy to cultivate from seed for use in gardens and seeds can be purchased from reputable garden centres.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Above: Western Red Columbine flowering in the Rocky Mountains in early July. This lovely columbine species is not as common as either of its close relatives, Colorado Blue Columbine - Aquilegia coerulea or Yellow Columbine - Aquilegia flavescens. It readily hybdrises with the latter producing pale pink or lemon-coloured flowers.
Western Red Columbine likes moist sites, and we found it growing at the base of a rocky slope in woodland beside a mountain stream. It also tolerates high altitudes and will appear in suitable subalpine habitats.
Columbines reward their pollinators with nectar, but the insects must have very long tongues to reach down to the end of the long spurs where it is stored. Hummingbirds are particularly fond of columbine flowers and so growing cultivated varieties in your garden is a sure way of attracting them.
Aqulegia elegantula is a protected plant and so the flowers should never be picked, or the plants dug up and removed. Columbines are very easy to cultivate from seed for use in gardens and seeds can be purchased from reputable garden centres.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Distribution Sometimes described simply as Blue Columbine but also known as Rocky Mountain Columbine, this lovely wildflower is actually Colorado's state flower. It is predominantly a Rocky Mountains species and also grows in Idaho, Montana and south into New Mexico.
Blooming times The best time to see this flower in bloom is from mid-June to mid July. The plant is quite bushy and scrambles over rocks in ravines and on roadsides up to quite high elevations - around 10,000 feet.It also grows in open woodlands where it scrambles over other shrubs and fallen trees.
Uses The Native American Indians used the seeds of the plant to make a perfume, first crushing them, then making them into a paste which was spread among clothes to keep them fresh.
Aqulegia coerulea (Aquilegia caerulea is a synonym) is a protected plant and so the flowers should never be picked, or the plants dug up and removed. It is easy to cultivate from seed for use in gardens and seeds can be purchased from reputable garden centres.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
There is always something rather special about finding a cultivated plant from your garden growing as a wildflower in its natural state, and there are plenty of wild Common Snapdragons in the Mediterranean region. Finds of these flowers further north, including in Britain and Ireland, are most likely to be naturalised garden escapes, because the Snapdragon has been a popular cultivar for hundreds of years.
Identification A perennial plant growing to 1m or more, but more commonly 50cm tall, Common Snapdragon has lanceolate leaves typically 2 to 6 cm long arranged in spirals along the stems. Flowers, in elongated spikes, are each 3 to 4.5cm long with two lips that open when the sides of the flower are compressed - hence the dragon's mouth implication in the common name. Most wild plants have pinkish purple flowers with yellow-and-white areas where the two lips touch. Yellow snapdragons can also be found in the wild in Mediterranean countries, but they are most likely to be naturalised cultivars.
Distribution Native to the Mediterranean region from Portugal in the west across to Turkey and Syria in the east, the range of this wildflower extends southwards into parts of North Africa and northwards as far as southern France. Elsewhere it is an introduced species that has escaped from parks and gardens to colonise old walls and dry wasteland particularly near towns and villages. Habitat and Blooming Times March and April are the best months for seeing Common Snapdragons in the wild. Coastal sand-dune systems and other areas of dryish sandy soil are favoursed by this Mediterranean wildflower, which also occasionally colonises the crumbling walls of derelict buildings. Garden cultivars in northern Europe also cope well with dry, sunlit locations, where they bloom rather later and are often at their best in June, July and August.
Pollination Snapdragons are pollinated by bumblebees, which crawl inside the lips so that the mouth of the dragon closes over them; they emerge covered in pollen which they transport to other flowers that they visit.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
This generally low-growing member of the pea family (fabaceae, formerly referred to as the legiminosae) has unusual flower heads; they are in two parts. One side will be coming into bloom while the other has semi-ripened seeds. Kidney vetch can be found on abandoned farmland, waysides and bare, stony ground as well as in coastal sand dune systems.
Distribution Anthyllis vulneraria is common and widespread in Britain and Ireland; it occurs also throughout mainland Europe. Kidney Vetch is a particularly common plant in the Mediterranean region, where the pink-flowered form is more often seen. Plants seen in Slovenia are generally a paler, lemon yellow than the ones we see in Britain.
Habitat and Blooming Times In Northern Europe, Kidney Vetch blooms between April and September. Further south in the Mediterranean region the flowers appear much earlier in the year, but they are usually over by the end of May.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
If hedgerows were not graced with such wonderful springflowers as Primrose, Bluebell, Greater Stitchwort and Red Campion, it would be easier to welcome the blanket of white with which Cow Parsley covers and smothers everything. Identification By the calendar alone Cow Parsley is one of the easier umbellifers to identify, because it come before any of the other common members of this 'much of a muchness' family of wildflowers.
Cow Parsley is a tall downy plant growing to a metre or more in height. This wildflower can be either biennial or perennial, spreading rapidly in rich damp soil both by seed and via its rhizomes. The umbrella-shaped flower ubels are typically 3cm to 6cm across, with larger petals near the outer edges of the florets. The distinctive leaves of this common wildflower (left) are finely divided into many feathery leaflets. The leaf stalks and the hiollow stems often turn a rich purple as the plants age. Fruits of Cow Parsley are like elongated smooth teardrops; they gradually turn black as they ripen. Distribution This member of the Carrot family is very common in Britain, Ireland, and most of northern Europe. In North America, Cow Parsley is an introduced alien and considered to be a nuisance invasive weed.
Habitat In many parts of western Britain and Ireland Cow Parsley takes over the grassy verges beside hedgerows (as can be seen in the picture below), eventually blanketing out most of the smaller wildflowers. Blooming Times Cow Parsley flowers first appear in April and they last through to the end of June.As these tall roadside wildflowers are dying back so several other umbellifers including Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium and Wild Angelica Angelica sylvestris are just coming into bloom.
Uses Hollow stems of Cow Parsley are traditional materials from which children make peashooters. There is a danger, however, that poisonous plants such as Hemlock Conium maculatum or Giant Hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum might be used by mistake, with painful and possibly disastrous consequences. Cow Parsley is said to be edible but rather bitter tasting.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
This is one of the lovely bright wildflowers that light up the Mediterranean region and southern Europe in spring and early summer. The plant has distinctive reddish hairy stems.
Distribution This common and widespread member of the Daisy family (asteraceae, formerly known as the compositae) occurs in France and east towards Turkey and is also present further south including in the Iberian Peninsula.
Habitat and Blooming Times The main flowering period of Yellow Chamomile, a wildflower of dry roadside verges, scrubland and fallow farmland, is from May until September. The Yellow Chamomile plant shown here was photographed in the Algarve region of southern Portugal in May.
Uses Yellow chamomile was once used as a source of yellow dye. Taxonomy Anthemis, the genus name, comes from the Greek anthemon, meaning flower, and indicates that this plant produces many flowers. The specific epithet tinctoria reflects the fact that these flowers were used to produce dye.
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