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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
This strange spring flower first becomes apparent in January, when its narrow green spikes emerge from the ground. Inside each spike is an unusual flower stem, bearing a purple flower. In fact this is a compound flower, with the male part positioned above the female.
Identification The distinctive purple-spotted leaves and purple-tinged hood of Arum maculatum appear early in the year, often in March or April. The hood eventually opens to reveal a complex purplish spadix that looks rather like a fireworks sparkler, comprising a long club above a narrower stem. The female flowers develop at the bottom of the spadix, with an annulus of male flowers positioned immediately above them. By mid summer the female flower has produced a cluster of green berries that ripen and turn orange-red as the leaves and the hood decay. Stems laden with berries persist through the autumn and into winter, and by the end of the year fallen berry-laden stems are all there is to mark the site where, in a month or two, the new leaves and then flowers will emerge.
Distribution Common throughout Britain and Ireland, this unusual wildflower is found throughout most of mainland Europe and in parts of western Asia. Habitat Arum maculatum is a frequent sight beside tree-lined riversidepaths and shady lanes as well as on woodland edges, in scrub land and almost anywhere that is shaded and damp with nutrient-rich soil.
Blooming Times The flowers of Lords and Ladies open in April and May, and then the hood decays leaving a stem on which berries develop and ripen in the autumn. Uses Roasted roots of Arum maculatum were used to produce a kind of drink; however, without proper preparation the resulting beverage can be toxic. There is also a danger that young children might be tempted to eat the brightly coloured berries (although they are very bitter tasting), with serious consequences because this is such a poisonous plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
Arum italicum is a common wildflower throughout the Mediterranean region, but is also frequently seen in gardens in Britain and other more northerly European countries where it has been cultivated.
Like other arums, this plant has long-stalked, heart-shaped leaves which are deeply veined in white or cream. The tiny flowers of arums are found on the thickened central axis of the plant, called the spadix, which is tightly wrapped in a large fleshy sheath, called the spathe. As the plant develops, the spathe opens to reveal the spadix.
The fruiting spike of Large Cuckoo Pint is long, up to 15cm, and the spadix, when revealed, is pale yellow. The spathe is pale green but sometimes flushed with purple, towards its base, on the outer side.
Like Arum creticum, the Cretan endemic, Arum italiucm flowers in April and May. It grows in moist and generally shaded habitats making it an ideal plant for the edges of woodland streams and marshes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, from a taproot, erect to ascending, herbaceous, branching, to +/-30cm long, with long antrorse appressed trichomes and erect needle-like erect pubescence. The erect trichomes are red when viewed with a lens.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, trifoliolate, stipulate. Stipules to 3mm long, linear, ciliate-margined. Lateral leaflets sessile, oblong, entire, to +/-2cm long, +/-6mm broad, sparse ciliate above and below, deep green above, lighter green below. Lateral venation shiny when hit with light. Terminal leaflet stalked, slightly larger or equal to lateral leaflets. All leaflets typically mucronate.
Inflorescence - Single flowers in the axils of the apical leaves. Flowers - Corolla papilionaceous, yellow-orange. Standard to 9mm broad, 6mm broad. Wings to -5mm long. Stamens monodelphous. Anthers unequal. Calyx tube campanulate, green, bilabiate. Upper lobe single-lobed, notched at the apex, to 1.8mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Central lobe to 3mm long. Lateral lobes to 1.5mm long. All lobes attenuate. Loments of 2 unequal segments.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, prairies, usually on acid substrates. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found mainly in the southern 1/2 of Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field but is often overlooked because of its small size.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
This pretty wildflower is a close relative of Thrift Armeria maritima which produces dense pink mats of flowers in early spring in Britain and Ireland. From a distance the flowers, on tall upright stems, could be mistaken for members of the Allium genus (onions, garlic and their relatives).
Identification Armeria pungens grows to 70cm, and its inflorescences are hemispherical bunches of five-petalled flowers on long stalks. The grass-like pointed leaves are hairless and typically 10cm long and 2.5mm wide, and they grow in dense tufts often out of bare sand, with the woody flower stalks emerging to tower above the leaf tufts and sway in the breeze - a challenge for photographers on all but the calmest of days.
Distribution Sea Rose can be found along the coasts of Portugal and southern Spain as well as on some Mediterranean islands including Corsica and Sardinia. Habitat Armeria pungens grows in stable sand dunes, on coastal meadows and alongside footpaths on the clifftops.
Blooming Times Sea Rose blooms from April until July.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
Thrift, also referred to as Sea Pinks, must be one of the most familiar of spring and early summer wildflowers to be seen on the cliff tops of Britain and Ireland, and not surprisingly it is also a very popular flower for planting in flower beds and borders in parks and gardens. Identification Thrift forms rounded cushions up to 40cm tall, comprising pinkish flowers in compact inflorescenses above tufts of densely-packed grass-like leaves arising from a woody rootstock.
The individual flowers have five pink or mauve petals, each with three darker pink veins, and five anthers that hold the creamy yellow pollen. Distribution Thrift is common around the coasts of Britain and Ireland. Popular as a garden plant, cultivated varieties as garden escapes are quite common, especially near to towns and villages. Armeria maritima is also found in many temperate parts of Europe, Asia and North America.
Habitat If you walk along coastal paths you will see plenty of these striking wildflowers. They grow on the grassy slopes and in rock crevices and on ledges, sometimes creating huge dense mats of bright pink. Thrift can grow in tremendously diverse habitats such as salt marshes and occasionally mountain slopes and exposed river gravel.
Blooming Times The first few flowers appear in March, and Thrift is usually at its very best in May and June. Most years a few flowers can still be found at the end of September and sometimes well in to October. Uses There is an ancient but probably quite unfounded belief that extracts made from Thrift can be used to cure lead poisoning. The family name Plumbaginaceae reflects this supposition.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1m tall ,erect, herbaceous, from taproot, fistulose, purplish, glabrous, glaucous, with milky sap, single or multiple from base, branching, often carinate.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, auriculate, with undulate spiny margins, deep shiny green above, glaucous below. Lowest leaves obovate to spatulate or somewhat lyrate-pinnatifid, to +15cm long. Upper leaves reduced, becoming ovate-lanceolate. Auricles spiny but round at the apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose corymbiform cluster. Cluster subtended by foliaceous bracts. Peduncles long, glaucous, occasionally with sparse glandular pubescence but typically glabrous. Small scarious bracts usually present at the divisions of the inflorescence or somewhere on the peduncles. Involucre - To 1.5cm tall(long), +/-1cm in diameter at base, vase-shaped. Phyllaries imbricate. Outer phyllaries with small prickles at apex, shorter than inner phyllaries. Inner phyllaries in 3 or 4 series, to 1.5cm long, glabrous, innermost with scarious margins or completely scarious, linear.
Ray flowers - Perfect, fertile. Flower heads to 2.7cm broad. Ligules to 6mm long, 1.5mm broad, 4-notched at apex, yellow. Corolla tube pubescent, 1cm long, white. Style bifurcate, pubescent. Achenes slightly flattened, ovoid to narrowly so, to 3mm long, 1.1mm broad, with 3 nerves on each side(6 total), glabrous. Pappus of numerous capillary bristles to 9mm long, white. Receptacle slightly concave in flower. Disk flowers - Absent. Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - Because of the long pappus of the fruits, this plant can spread easily and quickly, and spread it has! This introduced weed can be found over much of the U.S. and continues to spread. The prickly leaves and big taproot make the plant difficult at best to remove from the ground. The milky sap is very sticky. A closely related species, S. oleraceus L. is also common and looks quite similar. The difference in the two plants lies in that S. oleraceus has leaf auricles which come to an acute point, those of S. aspera are always rounded. The lower leaves of S. oleraceus are nearly always deeply lyrate-pinnatifid. S. oleraceus is a much less stout species also which can be handled easily without injury to the person doing the handling.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
Sometimes if a plant is overwatered, it just doesn’t seem to recover afterwards. The leaves start to get dull and turn yellow and the whole plant seems to be on a slippery slope towards death. You try to correct the watering issue but nothing seems to help. Chances are, your plant is suffering from root rot. What is Root Rot? Root rot can have two sources — one is a prolonged exposure to overwatered conditions that can cause some of the roots to die back due to a lack of oxygen. As they die, they can start to decay or rot away. The rot can then spread to healthier roots and kill them as well, even if the soil conditions are corrected. The other source can be from a fungus in the soil. The fungus may lay dormant in soil indefinitely and then may suddenly flourish when the plant is overwatered once or twice. The root rot fungus attacks the roots and causes them to die and rot away.
What Does Root Rot Look Like? If you are unsure whether your plant has root rot, you may be wondering what does root rot look like? If the plant is slowly wilting and the leaves are turning yellow for seemingly unknown reasons, you will want to check the roots. Remove the plant from the soil and feel the roots. The roots affected by root rot will look black and will feel mushy. Affected roots may literally fall off the plant when you touch them. Healthy roots may be black or pale, but they will feel firm and pliable.
Treating Root Rot Whether the problem is prolonged overwatering or a single overwatering that caused a root rot fungus flare up, you must act quickly. Treating root rot ASAP will give you plant the best chance to survive. Start to treat root rot by removing the plant from the soil and washing the roots under running water. Wash away as much soil and affected roots as possible while being gentle with the plant. Next use a sharp, clean pair of shears or scissors to trim away all of the remaining affected roots. When you treat root rot, you may have to remove a significant amount of the root system if the plant is badly affected. If this is the case, clean the shears or scissor with rubbing alcohol and prune back one-third to one-half of the leaves on the plant. This will give the plant a better chance to regrow the roots, as it will not need to support as many leaves.
Continue treating root rot by disposing of the soil in the pot that the plant was in. Wash the pot thoroughly with a bleach solution. If possible, dip the remaining healthy roots in a fungicide solution to kill off any possible root rot fungus. After treating root rot in the plant, repot the plant in clean potting mix. Make sure the container has good drainage and only water the plant when the top of the soil is dry. While the plant is regrowing its roots, do not fertilize the plant, as this may stress it. You do not want to have to treat root rot again in the plant. Hopefully now the plant will recover and you will get your beautiful houseplant back.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
If your plant has started to look like it has been spending time sitting next to a fire and is now covered in a black soot, chances are, your plant is suffering from sooty mold. How to get rid of sooty mold can be a perplexing question as it may seem that it appears out of nowhere, but it is a fixable problem. What is Sooty Mold? Sooty mold is a type of plant mold. It is a type of mold that growing in the honeydew or secretion of many common plant pests, such as aphids or scale. The pests cover the leaves of your plant in honeydew and the sooty mold spore lands on the honeydew and begins to reproduce.
Symptoms of Sooty Plant Mold Growth Sooty mold looks a lot like the name implies. Your plant’s twigs, branches or leaves will be covered in a grimy, black soot. Many people believe that someone may have dumped ashes or may have even caught the plant on fire when they first see this plant mold. Most plants affected by this plant mold growth will also have some sort of pest problem. Some plants, like gardenias and roses, which are prone to pest problems, will be more susceptible to this plant mold growth.
How to Get Rid of Sooty Mold Treating plant mold like sooty mold is best done by treating the source of the problem. This would be the pests that excrete the honeydew the mold needs to live. First, determine which pest you have and then eliminate it from your plant. Once the pest problem has been solved, the sooty plant mold growth can be easily washed off the leaves, stems and branches. Neem oil is an effective treatment for both the pest problem and fungus.
Will Sooty Mold Kill My Plant? This plant mold growth is generally not lethal to plants, but the pests that it needs to grow can kill a plant. At the first sign of sooty mold, find the pest that is producing the honeydew and eliminate it.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
Powdery mildew is a fungus that plagues almost all gardeners. No matter what conditions you live in or how well you tend your garden, chances are you will come across powdery mildew at some point in time. Finding a cure for powdery mildew is something that all gardeners look for eventually. How to Treat Powdery Mildew The first step in how to treat powdery mildew is to remove the conditions in which powdery mildew flourishes. Try to buy resistant plants – Some plants and varieties are more susceptible to powdery mildew than others. Look for varieties that are resistant to powdery mildew fungus. Plant susceptible plants in full sun – Full sun will help keep powdery mildew fungus off plants that are prone to the mildew. Water from below – Use drip lines or hoses to water your plants. Watering from above with sprinklers makes can encourage powdery mildew to grow. Increase air circulation – Try removing some of the vegetation on the plant to increase air flow around the plant. This will help keep powdery mildew at bay. Buy only high quality plants – Unhealthy plants are more susceptible to powdery mildew. Buy only healthy plants.
Powdery Mildew Remedies Because powder mildew is so widespread, powdery mildew remedies are common garden remedies sold in the garden centers. The following is a list of fungicides that can treat powdery mildew: Triadimefon Triforine Thiophanate-methyl Propiconazole Sulfur Potassium bicarbonate The above list will treat powdery mildew but not all are acceptable for plants you plant to eat. For example, Triforine should only be used on ornamental plants as it is not healthy for consumption. Check to make sure your treatment is a powdery mildew non toxic fungicide if you plan to use it on an edible plant.
Combine Both Environment and Chemicals for a Powdery Mildew Cure For a complete powdery mildew cure, combine addressing the conditions that cause powdery mildew and use the chemicals that are a cure for powdery mildew. This will take the powdery mildew out of your garden and keep it out for good.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月08日
Dummer. ゛☀
While there are numerous diseases affecting plants, the plant disease fire blight, which is caused by bacteria (Erwinia amylovora), affects trees and shrubs in orchards, nurseries, and landscape plantings; therefore, no one is safe from its path. Plant Disease: Fire Blight The plant disease fire blight is oftentimes influenced by seasonal weather and generally attacks the plant’s blossoms, gradually moving to the twigs, and then the branches. Fire blight gets its name from the burnt appearance of affected blossoms and twigs.
Fire Blight Symptoms The symptoms of fire blight can appear as soon as trees and shrubs begin their active growth. The first sign of fire blight is a light tan to reddish, watery ooze coming from the infected branch, twig, or trunk cankers. This ooze begins to turn darker after exposure to air, leaving dark streaks on the branches or trunks. Fire blight infections often move into twigs and branches from infected blossoms. The flowers turn brown and wilt and twigs shrivel and blacken, often curling at the ends. In more advanced cases of fire blight infection, cankers begin to form on branches. These discolored oozing patches contain masses of fire blight bacteria and heavy infections can be fatal.
Fire Blight Remedies Fire blight bacteria is spread through various easily means such as rain or water splashing, insects and birds, other infected plants, and unclean gardening tools. The maximum risk of exposure to this bacterium is late spring or early summer as it emerges from dormancy. Unfortunately, there is no cure for fire blight; therefore, the best fire blight remedies are regular pruning and removal of any infected stems or branches. It may also help to avoid overhead irrigation, as water splashing is one of the most common ways to spread the infection. Special attention should also be given to garden tools, especially those that have been exposed to the bacteria. Tools should be sterilized in an alcohol solution containing three parts denatured alcohol to one part water. Ethanol and denatured alcohol are very different. While ethanol alcohol is not poisonous and quite safe to use, denatured alcohol is a toxic solvent oftentimes used as Shellac thinner. Diluted household bleach (one part bleach to nine parts water) can also be used. Always make sure to thoroughly dry tools to prevent corrosion. It sometimes helps to oil them down as well.
Fire Blight Treatment Since there are no curing fire blight remedies, fire blight is very difficult to control; however, one fire blight treatment to reduce it is by spraying. A variety of bactericides has been developed to combat fire blight, although chemicals to treat fire blight may not always be effective. For instance, fixed copper products are often used as a fire blight treatment but this only reduces the bacteria’s ability to survive and reproduce. Always read and follow instructions carefully before using any chemicals to treat fire blight. Since chemicals aren’t always effective in fire blight control, organic control, such as extensive pruning may be the only option for fire blight treatment.
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