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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
Mitriostigma isn’t a gardenia but it sure has many of the famous plant’s attributes. Mitriostigma gardenia plants are also known as African gardenias. What is African gardenia? An ever blooming, fabulously scented, non-hardy houseplant or warm climate patio plant. If you are looking for consistent lovely blooms, evergreen, shiny leaves and fun little orange fruits, try growing African gardenias. What is African Gardenia? A very unique and fairly hard plant to find is Mitriostigma axillare. This plant can become a small tree in its habit but is a small bush in container situations. One of the most important things about caring for African gardenias is their intolerance to soggy soil. These plants also prefer indirect light or even partial shade since they grow in forested areas where taller plant species dapple the light.
African gardenia is found in coastal and dune forests from the Eastern Cape to Mozambique. This evergreen shrub has grayish brown bark with green markings, arrow-shaped glossy leaves, and the much praised 5-petaled white scented blooms. The one-inch flowers densely pack the leaf axils and may be present much of the year. In fact, the latter part of the scientific name, axillare, refers to the location of the flowers. Spent flowers turn into a smooth elliptical berry with an orange rind-like skin. The fruit lends another name to the plant, dwarf loquat. Mitriostigma gardenia plants are hardy in United States Department of Agriculture zones 10 to 11 but are perfectly suited to the indoors or in a greenhouse. Growing African Gardenias African gardenia can be hard to get your hands on. It is not widely available in nursery catalogues, but if you do run into someone with the plant, you can start your own with summer cuttings or ripe fruit seeds. Collect seeds from orange healthy fruits and plant them immediately in a moist flat. Transplant seedlings when they are several inches tall. Fertilize with liquid food at every watering and keep the plants in moderate light. The cuttings should be inserted into a pot with sterile compost, kept moist and in indirect light. Usually, the cutting will root in about 4 weeks and can then be transplanted and grown on using good African gardenia care tips.
Caring for African Gardenias Mitriostigma does well in good purchased potting soil mixed with some sand. If planted in a container, make sure there are good drainage holes. If planted in the ground outdoors, amend the soil with plenty of compost and choose a location with shelter from noon time sun. Pick its location wisely, as African gardenia produces a large taproot which makes relocating the plant difficult.
African gardenia care should include feeding with liquid plant food at every watering from spring through late summer. Move plants indoors in cool climates by early fall. In the winter when the plant is blooming, feed once per month with a high phosphorus plant food. Be sure to leech to soil often to prevent the buildup of fertilizer salts. Caring for African gardenias is quite easy, as they don’t have any significant pest or disease issues. As long as you keep the soil a bit on the dry side and protect the plant from harsh sun rays, you will have a long lived scented bloomer in your home or landscape.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. incarnata ( left) and Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. coccinea (right) photographed at Dyfi National Nature Reserve in South Wales in mid-June. The Early Marsh-orchid is widespread throughout Britain, although increasingly marginalised due to wetland drainage and destruction of habitat for agricultural purposes. This had lead to serious decline in its former inland territories.
There are four subspecies (five if you include the Leopard Orchid - Dactylorhiza cruenta - although some authors treat this as a separate species due to genetic differences) of this orchid and each has a distinctive colouring. In some parts of Britain the subspecies occur in different habitats, but in Wales it is possible to see plants of at least two subspecies in close proximity in some of the extensive sand dune systems along the southern, western and northern coasts. Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella is an acid-loving plant and knowledge of its distribution is limited due to its confusion with other similar-looking species.
Particularly recommended sites include Kenfig National Nature Reserve near Port Talbot and Dyfi National Nature Reserve near Borth. Newborough Warren National Nature Reserve and the Anglesey Fens National Nature Reserves in Anglesey are also excellent places to see Dactylorhiza incarnata. All of these sites are very orchid-rich and you can expect to see many other species there too, including Northern Marsh-orchid - Dactylorhiza purpurella - (Dyfi and Anglesey), Southern Marsh-orchid - Dactylorhiza praetermissa - (Kenfig) Fragrant Orchid - Gymnadenia conopsea - Pyramidal Orchid - Anacamptis pyramidalis - Bee Orchid - Ophrys apifera - and Fly Orchid - Ophrys insectifera - (Anglesey Fens only). Kenfig National Nature Reserve is also home to the largest remaining colony in Wales of the Fen Orchid (Liparis loeselii).
The Early Marsh-orchid grows to between 15 and 30 cm and grows exclusively in damp calcareous habitats which explains why it persists so well in dune systems: the ground-down seashells provide the chalk, and the dune slacks, which are submerged in rainwater during winter and early spring, retain high levels of moisture throughout the year except in the driest of springs. The leaves of the plants are unspotted. The fourth subspecies of Dactylorhiza incarnata is ochroleuca which has yellowish-cream coloured flowers. Accurate identification of this subspecies is confusing due to the occurence of white forms or varieties of Early Marsh-orchid which are possibly more common than subspecies ochroleuca. Since cautious reports of finding this subspecies in Southwest Wales have largely been dismissed, it seems that it may be confined to a few scattered sites in East Anglia. The other two white forms are described as var. leucantha and var. orchrantha. Interestingly the 'white-coloured' Early Marsh Orchids tend to be taller plants and the flower spikes are often much laxer in appearance. Although the Early Marsh-orchid is well and truly alive and well in Wales, it is extremely vulnerable to habitat change: prolonged dry weather over several seasons causes colonies to degenerate, as does the spread of rank growth of competing plants in the areas where they grow. In Wales (at Kenfig National Nature Reserve) there is a programme of 'sand dune rejuvenation' being undertaken, principally to try and arrest the decline of the Fen Orchid (Liparis loeselii), but which should also benefit the Early Marsh-orchid by reducing some of the competing rank vegetation. The process involves the re-mobilisation of some of the areas of dunes which will help pioneering orchid species that need new habitat to colonise in order to survive. Outside Britain the Early Marsh-orchid is well distributed throughout Europe and into the Near East.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
Common this orchid may be, but it is no less beautifulfor that. The variations in colour and lip-markingsbetween specimens bear testimony to the diversity thatcan be found in a single orchid species. Description This orchid usually grows to between 20cm and 50cm tall, butspecimens up to 70cm in height can sometimes be found; this makes itgenerally taller than the Heath Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza maculata with which it is often confused.
The lipof the Common Spotted-orchid has an exaggerated centraltooth. Distribution Found throughout most of Britain and Ireland, the Common Spotted-orchid can be seen in many countries of mainland Europe including Slovenia, where it grows in its thousands on roadside verges.
Habitat This orchid is very common in Wales, where we live, and pops up all over the place - in the sand dunes at many of our coastal nature reserves, on roadside verges, roundabouts and central reservations (they thrive there because of the limestone chippings used to assist with drainage) as well as in unimproved grassland sites. Provided the soil conditions are calcareous and the ground has not been doused with pesticides and herbicides you are quite likely to find theCommon Spotted-orchid. Flowering times The peak flowering time for Common Spotted-orchid is June.
Also found in Wales are the hybrid with Southern Marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa, - Dactylorhiza fuchsii x grandis - and the variety Dactylorhiza fuchsii var. rhodochila. The latter is rare, while the former is probably very common but may be easily confused with either or both parent plants. Dactylorhiza fuchsii x grandis is a tall and robust plant with darkly-spotted leaves and deep-pink flowers. It is found where both parents occur, and occasionally where they apparently do not. This hybrid plant is capable of producing seed, and so hybrid swarms sometimes occur.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
Dr Patrick Bernard O'Kelly, after whom this orchid was named, lived in The Burren and devoted much of his time to the study of the wildflowers growing there. After his death in 1937 he was buried in the graveyard at Dumcreedy Church, near Ballyvaughan.
This controversial orchid is treated as a separate species by some botanists and by others as an indeterminate variety of Common Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii. O'Kelly's Spotted-orchid is common throughout The Burren and reaches its peak flowering time in June and early July Description O'Kelly's Orchid usually grows to between 20 and 50 cm in height, buttaller specimens sometimes occur. The leaves are narrower than those of Common Spotted-orchid and they are not marked.
The flowers O'Kelly's Spotted-orchid are often completely white, although some have faint pink markings. Distrbution Although mainly associated with The Burren, this orchid occurs in several other counties of Ireland including Galway and Fermanagh as well as in Scotland and on the Isle of Man. Habitat O'Kelly's Spotted-orchid (also referred to simply as O'Kelly's Orchid) grows in the unimproved limestone meadows of The Burren, but it sometimes ventures into marshier areas there too.
Flowering times Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. Okellyi flowers in May and June.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
Common this orchid may be, but it is no less beautifulfor that. The variations in colour and lip-markingsbetween specimens bear testimony to the diversity thatcan be found in a single orchid species. Description This orchid usually grows to between 20cm and 50cm tall, butspecimens up to 70cm in height can sometimes be found; this makes itgenerally taller than the Heath Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza maculata with which it is often confused.
The lipof the Common Spotted-orchid has an exaggerated centraltooth. Distribution Found throughout most of Britain and Ireland, the Common Spotted-orchid can be seen in many countries of mainland Europe including Slovenia, where it grows in its thousands on roadside verges.
Habitat This orchid is very common in Wales, where we live, and pops up all over the place - in the sand dunes at many of our coastal nature reserves, on roadside verges, roundabouts and central reservations (they thrive there because of the limestone chippings used to assist with drainage) as well as in unimproved grassland sites.
Provided the soil conditions are calcareous and the ground has not been doused with pesticides and herbicides you are quite likely to find theCommon Spotted-orchid. Flowering times The peak flowering time for Common Spotted-orchid is June. Also found in Wales are the hybrid with Southern Marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa, - Dactylorhiza fuchsii x grandis - and the variety Dactylorhiza fuchsii var. rhodochila. The latter is rare, while the former is probably very common but may be easily confused with either or both parent plants. Dactylorhiza fuchsii x grandis is a tall and robust plant with darkly-spotted leaves and deep-pink flowers. It is found where both parents occur, and occasionally where they apparently do not. This hybrid plant is capable of producing seed, and so hybrid swarms sometimes occur.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
This magnificent orchid grows in very wet meadows, and so wellington boots are a big advantage if you are intending to take photographs. Description Dactylorhiza elata can grow to well over a metre in height. The narrow leaves at the base of the plant are usually unspotted, although lightly marked specimens do sometimes occur.
The inflorescence is lax and carries up to 120 individual flowers, which vary in colour from pale to dark pink. The markings on the petals and sepals are extremely variable in shape and number; some flowers are covered with loops and spots while others have very few. Distribution The Robust Marsh-orchid occurs in the western Mediterranean region - Spain, Portugal and France as well as in some of the countries of central Europe including Bulgaria.
The specimen shown at the top of this page was photographed in late May in the Célé Valley, which runs parallel to the Lot Valley in southern France; the one seen below was found in Bulgaria in late June. Habitat Most commonly found in damp-to-wet alkaline meadows and fens in full sunshine, Dactylorhiza elata also occurs in seepages on roadside banks and verges.
Flowering times This orchid can be seen in flower from April until July, and much depends on not only how far south they occur but also at what altitude. In lowland parts of southern France the plants can flower in May, but even further south, in northern Spain for instance, the plants flower much later because they mainly occur at high altitudes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
Formerly known as Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis, the Hebridean Marsh-orchid is endemic to Scotland and occurs only in the Outer Hebrides on the northern coast of North Uist.
Description This is a short plant, growing to a maximum of 18cm in height but usually much shorter than that. Leaves of the Hebridean Marsh-orchid are very distinctive: sharply pointed and with dark purple markings separated at the base, but which merge towards the points of the leaves so that they are often uniformly dark brownish-purple.
The flowers are deep magenta - reminiscent of the colour of the Northern Marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza purpurella). Lateral sepals of the flower protrude outwards and upwards almost forming a vee-shape, and the upper sepal and petals form a hood over the column of the flower. The lip (lower petal) is deeply lobed and has dark markings in the form of loops, dashes or spots which are sometimes almost indiscernible against the rich dark purple background colour of the petal itself.
Habitat The best place to look for this orchid is in the species-rich coastal grasslands called the Machair, a calcium-rich habitat that is home to large numbers of chalk-loving wild orchids. The Hebridean Marsh-orchid often occurs in small groups in the damper parts of the Machair which have been under water during the winter and early spring months and which retain a high level of moisture throughout the summer. The Machair is a good place to see other wild orchid species including Early Marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata), particularly its subspecies coccinea and the Northern Marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza purpurella). Flowering times Hebridean Marsh-orchids flower from mid-May to mid-June.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
One of many marsh orchids, Dactylorhiza cordigera is distinguished by the heart-shaped lip of the flower from which are derived both its common and scientific names. Description This orchid has very darkly spotted leaves and dark purple flowers. The plant grows to around 40cm tall and is very robust, with flowers of dark purple patterned with even darker purple loops and streaks. The lower lip is distinctly heart-shaped, as can be seen from the close-up below.
Dactylorhiza cordigera in a marsh in the Pirin Mountains of Bulgaria Distribution Dactylorhiza cordigera is widespread in the Balkan and Carpathian mountains, where often it occurs in large numbers.
Habitat This orchid grows in very damp grassy meadows but also likes to be in the full sun; in the mountains of central and eastern Europe it can be found up to 2,400 metres above sea level.
The lip of Dactylorhiza cordigera is distinctly heart-shaped Flowering times The flowering time of the Heart-flowered Marsh Orchid stretches from the end of May until the end of July - the greater the altitude, the later the flowering season.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
The Lady's Slipper Orchid was recognised as a native European species in 1568, and the earliest record of a British plant is of a dried herbarium specimen from 1640, collected from the Ingleton area in Yorkshire.
Distribution Although still widespread in some parts of Europe, the Lady's Slipper Orchid was always a rarity in Britian and consequently highly prized by plant collectors who, from the mid-18th Century, collected the plants with such ruthlessness that by 1888 great concern was being expressed at the disappearance of the Lady's Slipper Orchid from the wild. Regrettably the population continued to decline, resulting in its declared extinction by 1917.
In recent years a re-introduction programme has been carried out at Gait Barrows National Nature Reserve in Lancashire. This programme which is jointly funded between Natural England and the Sainsburys Foundation has been very successful and there are now many flowering plants which can be visited by the public. The best time to see this orchid at Gait Barrows NNR is in the first half of June. Although driven to the brink of extinction in the UK the Lady's Slipper Orchid still occurs in the wild in various European countries including Sweden, Bulgaria, Slovenia, France, Switzerland and Finland.
The Lady's Slipper Orchid is rare and in decline in all its territories and is still the subject of plant theft.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月10日
Dummer. ゛☀
This orchid, which is also known as Stemless Lady's Slipper, is widespread across Canada and the United States. Description An unmistakeable orchid, Cypripedium acaule grows to around 40cm in height. It has a distinctive pair of deeply keeled basal leaves and each stem carries a large, deep-pink slipper-shaped flower. A white form, Cypripedium acaule forma alba is also recorded.
Distribution The distribution of the Pink Lady's Slipper is centred on the northeastern United States - the high zones of the Appalachian Mountains, the Great Lakes area, northern Ontario and Newfoundland.
Habitat The main habitat of Pink Lady's Slipper is coniferous forests, but it is tolerant of other habitats and sometimes apperars in meadows, roadside ditches, bogs andsand dunes - and even on railway sidings and cuttings. Flowering times This orchid has a long flowering time, and individual flowers can remain in good condition for over three weeks in a cool season. Beginning in May, Pink Lady's Slipper flowers are often found well into June, at which time in good sites these lovely flowers carpet the ground.
In Europe, our closest relative to the Pink Lady's Slipper Orchid is the Lady's Slipper Orchid Cypripedium calceolus. In the UK, the known native plants were reduced to just one specimen in Yorkshire. Today the Lady's Slipper Orchid is the subject of a re-introduction programme which is taking place at Gait Barrows National Nature Reserve in Lancashire.
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