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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Ramsons, or Wild Garlic as it is sometimes (correctly) called, advertises its presence by its very strong odour, especially if stems are crushed. Identification Plants of Ramsons typically have two or three leaves up to 4cm wide and 30cm long. Bulbs form from the base of a leaf stalk. Umbels of garlic-scented white flowers produce capsules that contain the seeds, but reproduction is mainly vegetative rather than via the seeds. The flowers, 1.5 to 2cm across, are star-like and have six white tepals (three petals and three sepals), and they have stamens shorter than the perianth. The triangular-section stems and strong garlic-like odour are helpful features distinguishing young Ramsons plants from those of the seriously poisonous Lily-of-the-Valley.
Distribution Allium ursinum is common and widespread throughout Britain and Ireland as well as on mainland central and northern Europe. It is recorded also from parts of Asia. Habitat Ramsons carpets woodland floors and roadside verges in damp shady places.
Blooming Times The first few flowers may appear towards the end of March or in early April, but May and early June are when this striking wildflower is at its best in Britain.
Uses Ramsons, a relative of the cultivated Leek, is an edible plant and has been used in cooking for hundreds of years. It has a more delicate flavour than the garlic cloves with which we are more familiar. Whether Ramsons deters vampires is uncertain, but Ramsons certainly exists!
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Allium subvillosum is an attractive plant, but to appreciate its true beauty you need to get close up and personal because it has such tiny flowers. Identification A relative of Wild Garlic (also known as Ramsons), Allium subvillosum has dense umbels each with 15 to 20 white flowers that are deeply cupped and have yellow anthers. This bulb-forming perennial grows up to 30cm tall, and its long narrow leaves are covered with long white hairs.
Allium subvillosum was until recently classified as a member of the Lily family (Liliaceae), but recent taxonomic revisions now place it in the family Asparagaceae. Distribution These spring wildflowers are found in southern Spain and Portugal, Sicily, North Africa and the Balearics.
Habitat This coastal plant of the Mediterranean region can be found in both sandy and grassy places close to the sea.
Blooming Times Allium subvillosum blooms very early in the year. The specimens shown on this page were photographed in the Algarve region of Portugal in late February.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
By the time Wild Leek is in full bloom, its leaves are very likely to have shriveled and become unrecognisable. Fortunately, however, the flowers are quite distinctive. Identification From bulbs up to 3cm in diameter, round stems, known as scapes, grow to typically 50cm but exceptionally to well over a metre in height. Each scape carries an umbel of typically 100 but occasionally up to 500 deeply-cupped flowers. The individual flowers are up to 6mm in diameter with white, pink or reddish tepals. The anthers are often yellow but sometimes purple.
Distribution In Britain and Ireland this lovely wildflower is rare and restricted to the coastal areas of the south west of England and the West of Ireland. This relative of Wild Garlic is common in the Iberian Peninsula and throughout the Mediterranean region.
Together with all other Allium species and several other related groups, this wildflower was until recently classified as a member of the Lily family (liliaceae), but recent taxonomic revisions now place it in the family Asparagaceae. Habitat Wild Leek colonises sandy edges of fields and coastal paths, but these plants can also be found on fallow farmland further inland.
Blooming Times Depending on location Wild Leek blooms from May until July. At first the inflorescence appears in an almost perfect globe, but as the flowers age they droop forming the rather attractive waterfall effect seen in the picture on the left. Uses It is widely believed that cultivated leeks were derived from this species.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Also known as Garlic Mustard, this biennial spring wildflower smells remarkably like garlic when the stems are crushed. Identification The elongated heart-shaped stalked leaves are 5 to 8cm long (excluding the stalks) and bright yellowish green in early spring, darkening somewhat as the year advances; they are toothed and look like stinging nettles. In their second year the plants grow to 30cm to 120cm tall.
The white flowers appear in small clusters in spring and early summer. As with other members of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae) each flower has four petals; they are oblong and 4 to 8mm long by 2 to 3mm wide. The fruit (seedpod) is a slender upright four-sided silique some 4 to 5.5cm long and containing two rows of black seeds that are released once the pod dries out and splits open. Distribution Alliaria petiolata is widespread and common throughout Britain and Ireland, and is found throughout Mainland Europe and in Africa and India. In North America it is an invasive alien plant.
Habitat Appropriately named, this is a plant of hedgerows, but in shaded places you will also find it lining the banks of ditches and streams. Blooming Times The best of the flowers of Garlic Mustard or Jack-by-the-Hedge appear in April and early May, but you can occasionally find a few blooms right through until August.
Uses Jack-by-the-Hedge is edible and, if collected when young, the leaves make an excellent addition to salads, sauces and other dishes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
More than 200 microspecies of Alchemilla vulgaris are known to exist in Europe. These perennial wildflowers, members of the rose family, are sometimes grown in gardens - mainly for their leaves, which collect sparkling water droplets.
Identification The distinctively corrugated and lobed (5 to 11 lobes with the upper leaves having fewer) kidney-shaped to semicircular leaves of Alchemilla make identification to genus level fairly straightforward. The yellowish-green flowers form clusters. Each individual flower is typically 3mm in diameter, with no true petals but a four-lobed epicalyx, four sepals and usually four but sometimes five stamens.
Distribution Alchemilla vulgaris is widespread and common throughout Britain and Ireland; it is also found throughout mainland Europe. This plant is also recorded as occurring in Greenland. Habitat Lady's Mantle is commonly seen in unimproved or lightly fertilised grassland, on roadside verges and banks, in chalk downland and on mountain slopes. Blooming Times In Britain and Ireland the tiny flowers of Alchemilla vulgaris can be seen from June through to September.
Similar Species Alchemilla mollis, a rather larger species but otherwise very similar, is quite a common garden escape that sometimes appears in hedgerows and on unkempt grassland. Uses Lady's Mantle, which contains salicylic acid, has sedative properties and has been used to alleviate cramps and menstruation pains.Another traditional use of this plant is as an astringent; it contains tannin and has styptic properties. In the past the leaves were used to dress wounds, rather as Stachys species (woundworts) were.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
A bronze tint to the upper leaves is a distinctive feature that helps separate Bugle from most other members of the Mint family. Identification Stems have a square cross section, hairy on just two opposing sides; they bear pairs of opposite oval leaves that are unstalked apart from a basal rosette of leaves which have short stalks. The blue-violet flowers are typically 1.5cm long and have a pattern of veins on the lower lip.
Bugle can grow up to 20cm tall but is often little more than half that height. The plants propagate mainly by growing surface runners (which are known as stolons) that root at intervals along their length. Distribution Unlike its close relative Pyramidal Bugle Ajuga pyramidalis, this plant is common throughout Britain and Ireland and is found also across much of mainland Europe.
Habitat Bugle prefers heavy, wet soils and forms large, dense mats in favoured locations. This attractive low creeping perennial wildflower thrives on woodland edges and in damp grassland. Blooming Times In Britain the first flowers usually appear in April, and Bugle continues blooming until late June or early July. The lips of the flowers are veined with darker blue.
Uses Although Bugle has been used in herbal remedies to stem bleeding, it is more important as a source of nectar for butterflies including the Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne, the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria selene, the Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja, and the High Brown Fritillary Fabriciana adippe.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
It is always lovely to find something you had more or less given up hope of ever finding, so we found these Pyramidal Bugloss plants growing in the Pirin Mountains National Park in Bulgaria we were delighted. Identification When this member of the Lamiaceae is in bloom you can see at once that the flowers are generally paler than those of Ajuga reptans with which we are much more familiar. The stems are hairy and bear pairs of opposite hairy leaves that form a squarish pyramid, the lower leaves green and the upper leaves increasingly more purple towards the top of the plant.
Typically 15mm long, the blue flowers emerge from large leafy bracts. Unlike the much more common Bugle, which produces runners from which new plants grow, Pyramidal Bugle has rhizomes rather than runners (stolona). The odds are more heavily stacked again this rarity becoming a common wildflower, because although it is a perennial it does not bloom every year. Distribution In Britain these rare plants are seen in just a few locations in northern England and Scotland. They are also recorded from The Burren in County Clare, southern Ireland, and from Rathlin Island in the north, but despite much searching to date we have yet to find them in Ireland. On mainland Europe Ajuga pyramidalis is not such a rare find. We have seen these plants in bloom in Bulgaria, and in Slovenia Pyramidal Bugle is plentiful among limestone rocks in the Julian Alps in areas.
Habitat Pyramidal Bugle is usually found in short-sward grassland overlaying calcareous rocks; it also occurs within grikes in areas of limestone pavement, most often where it is marshy.
Blooming Times We also found and photographed these plants in the predominantly limestone Julian Alps in Slovenia on trips there in June 2011 and again in late June 2014, and in Bulgaria in the Pirin Mountains National Park in mid June 2009. In northern Britain and in western Ireland Pyramidal Bugle usually begins flowering in late April and sometimes continues through May and in to early June.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
Most gardeners hate Ground Elder because its creeping underground stems (known as rhizomes) spread so rapidly, often producing dense patches on roadside verges, in churchyards and on riverbanks. Once established this perennial plant is very difficult to eradicate. Identification Although Ground Elder can grow up to a metre tall, half that height is more normal. The hollow stems are grooved but hairless and the leaves are darkish green in early springtime, turning yellower in summer. Flat-topped umbels of white flowers bearing a passing resemblance to the flowers of an Elder tree are the origin of this plant's common name..
Distribution Found throughout Britain and Ireland, Ground Elder occurs also in most parts of mainland Europe and in Asia. As an introduced alien species this plant is a nuisance weed in North America, New Zealand and Australia. It is considered possible that the Romans may have introduced ground elder to Britain; a clue as to why they might have done so can be found in one of its many other common names: Gout Weed!
Habitat Ground Elder favours damp soil and shady locations, but it copes well with soil disturbance and so is often associated with waste land and the margins of rubbish tips. Blooming Times The first flowers appear in May and are usually past their (unspectacular) best by the end of July; however, cutting before the flowering season is ineffective as a control mechanism because this plant is propagated mainly via its spreading roots; leave even the tiniest piece in the ground and it will quickly give rise to a new plant.
Uses Even Ground Elder has its uses. At one time this common wildflower was grown as a pot herb, and it was also used in herbal remedies for arthritis and gout.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年08月07日
Dummer. ゛☀
This lovely little wildflower is easily overlooked, because it is so small. Identification The flowers are typically just 5mm across and greenish even when in fiull bloom. .Each stem bears five flowers, one on the top and one on each of the four side faces of a cube. Flower have five petals and five stamens, although because each of the stamens are split into two parts it looks at first glance as though there are ten stamens.
The leaves of Townhall Clock are quite similar to those of many other plants that are more common, which makes confident identification of Adoxa moschatellina when not in flower much more difficult
Distribution Found throughout Britain and Ireland, although uncommon and easily overlooked, Adoxa mochatellina has a world-wide range, including Europe, Asia and North America, but the coverage leaves many gaps.
Habitat Damp, shady sites such as woodland edges, in grassy areas beside paths through mixed or deciduous woods, at the edges of tree-lined streams and ditches, and occasionally in hedgerows are the most likely places to find this hard-to-spot little wildflower.
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