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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Rose bush plants come in containers, with fully developed root systems, or as bare-root plants, in boxes of peat to keep them moist. When you plant the rose bush in hardiness zone 8 depends on which type it is.
Hardiness Zone 8 Characteristics USDA hardiness zone 8a has lows of 10 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit, and USDA hardiness zone 8b has lows of 15 to 20 degrees Fahrenheit. An example of a city in zone 8a is Dallas, Texas. Gainesville, Florida, is in zone 8b. USDA Zone Ratings & Roses Most roses are rated with a minimum zone of cold hardiness. For instance, a rose plant hardy to USDA zone 3 can withstand temperatures as low as -40 degrees Fahrenheit. Rose plants listed for USDA hardiness zone 8 can not withstand severe temperatures but do well in extreme heat. Planting Times Rose bushes should be planted when the soil is cool and moist. In regions within USDA hardiness zone 8, January is the best time to plant bare-root rose plants. Containerized rose plants, which have more developed root systems, can be planted year-round.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Aphids are one of the most common insects known to attack roses. The most common variety is the rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae). You can use common ingredients in your home to make a spray to stop the attack of the rose aphid and other members of its aphid family.
First Defense Start with a first line of defense. Give your rose bushes a medium to hard spray of water from your garden hose to get rid of the aphids. Soap Spray Make a spray that only contains dish detergent and water. Use a ratio of 2 tbsp. of dish detergent for every gallon of water. The ingredients should work to dry out the aphids and kill them. Basil Tea Spray Take a 1-gallon container and fill it with water and basil clippings. Let the container "steep" for a week. Add 2 tbsp. of liquid detergent and fill a spray bottle. Store and use this spray as a deterrent and preventive measure -- versus a solution once roses are infested.
Kitchen Cupboard Combination Spray Use common "kitchen cupboard" ingredients to make a spray. Use a spray bottle and mix one-quarter tsp. of vegetable oil, one half tsp. of dish detergent and 1 qt. of water. Spray the roses, continually, every ten days.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Eggshells are calcium-rich organic material that decompose well when mixed into or layered on top of soil. Roses require heavy amounts of organic material to grow to their ultimate potential. Eggshells can be tilled directly into soil or added to compost or manure. Eggshells add nutrients, can help to stabilize the pH level and can act as a natural deterrent against pests.
Calcium Plants, including roses, require large amounts of calcium in order to thrive. In terms of quantity needed, calcium ranks as a secondary nutrient behind nitrogen and potassium in plant nutrient needs. In plants, calcium helps to maintain the chemical balance of soil, increases metabolic rate and helps to neutralize cell acid. Egg shells are composed of about 95 percent calcium and therefore can provide roses with their full calcium requirement. There are no studies indicating harm caused by calcium overdose on plants, so tilling eggshells both into the soil and layering on top of the soil can be done simultaneously. Lime Aside from calcium, eggshells contain lime and protein. Lime is added to soil when it is too acidic (low pH level) to neutralize the acidity and raise the pH level. Roses grow best at a moderate pH level of about 6.5. Lime adds magnesium to the soil and helps increase aeration and drainage. Most commercial fertilizers contain lime. Compost Eggshells can be added to home compost piles to add calcium and lime to the mix. Eggshells act as an alkalizer when added to compost and do not change the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio. Home compost can be tilled into rose soil or crushed eggshells can be mixed into a commercial fertilizer or manure. Roses greatly benefit from large amounts of organic matter, the best ratio is 50 percent organic material to 50 percent soil.
Mulch Crushed eggshells can also be scattered on top of the planted rose bed as a mulch. The nutrients seep into the soil with every rain or watering. To hide the eggshells, a second layer of bark or moss mulch can be layered on top. Eggshells placed on top and exposed to the air have a double use; aside from adding nutrients to the soil they act as a deterrent to slugs and cats. The eggshells lacerate a slug's underside, so slugs that crawl across broken eggshells turn back.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
The United States Department of Agriculture has created a map of numbered plant hardiness zones, and these zones represent areas of the United States having similar average low temperatures in winter. The lower the zone number, the harsher the winter. Roses typically grow in warm climates, and flower in the summer months, but some roses can grow in the hot tropical climate found in Florida, while others can grow in hardiness zones as low as 2, which have winter temperatures that drop as low as -50 degrees Fahrenheit.
Tropical Climate The south of Florida has a tropical climate, enjoying long, hot humid summers. A number of rose species grow well in this climate, and are able to tolerate periods of drought that other other roses do not tolerate. Most of the roses that grow well in this climate originated in China, and came to the United States via Europe. The most common China rose grown in the hot dry conditions prevailing in south and central Florida is Old Blush, otherwise known as Parson's Pink China. Another variety of roses that flourish in hot dry climates are Noisettes, named after the Charleston nursery owner Philip Noisette who first cultivated these roses from seeds, and Bermuda roses, which come from the Atlantic island of Bermuda. Wind And Low Humidity The climate of Colorado is dry, particularly in the west of the state. Winters are dry and freezing, with much of Colorado rated as hardiness zones 4 or 5. This means that winter temperatures can get as low as -30 degrees Fahrenheit. Springtime can be windy. Some climbing roses grow well in this climate, and although you should plant them where they will not be fully exposed to the wind, whenever possible, many climbing roses will still grow and flower. The roses that grow best in the Colorado climate are Old Garden Roses and Canadian Explorer roses.
Harsh Winter While roses do not bloom in winter, they are perennial shrubs that must survive the winter months so that they can bloom again the following year. Harsh winter frosts will kill most rose varieties, but some can withstand winters in hardiness zones as low as zone 2, where winter temperatures can get as low as -45 degrees Fahrenheit. Roses that are able to survive zone 2 include Blanc Double de Courbert, which produce white double-flowers, Assinboine, which produces medium-sized red blooms and Dart's Dash, a rose producing purple and red double-flowering blooms. Temperate Climate Temperate climates, such as those found in England, and much of the northern Mediterranean, and those found in the maritime parts of northern California and southern Oregon, are good for growing most rose species. Most of the modern roses found around the world originate from breeding done in continental Europe, England and the northern Mediterranean, using specimens imported from Asia, and especially from China. Most English and European garden roses, cultivated for temperate climate growth, do not do well in climates where the winters are harsh.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
For many rose gardeners, the ultimate goal is to fill the garden with beautiful blooming bushes and the home with cut roses. Keep cut-rose bouquets looking fresh longer by storing cut roses at low temperatures, including in the fridge.
Temperature Cooler temperatures help cut roses absorb nutrients from the water in the vases, and keep the roses looking fresh and new. Store roses in the refrigerator at temperatures between 32 and 38 degrees Fahrenheit. Initial Arrangement Keeping rose bouquets looking fresh begins with preparation: Fill a bucket with lukewarm water, recommends the Santa Clarita Valley Rose Society. Cut rose stems under the water to eliminate air bubbles. Allow roses to soak up the water overnight, then store in the refrigerator for about two hours. This helps prepare roses for display, preventing wilting and keeping blooms open.
Overnight Storage After arranging roses for display, keep an area in the refrigerator free. Place the rose bouquets in the refrigerator before going to bed at night, and take them out in the morning. This will keep roses looking fresh longer than bouquets left at room temperature around the clock.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Roses (Rosa spp.) must be pruned regularly to be at their best. Some only need a light pruning, but others need to be cut back significantly once a year along with occasional tidying up throughout the year. The best time to cut them back in Texas and how hard they need to be cut back depends, to a certain extent, on the rose -- but the greater determining factor is where the roses are in Texas.
Roses for Texas Roses are generally hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 to 11, depending on the species and cultivar. 'Fragrant Cloud' (Rosa 'Tanellis' or Rosa 'Fragrant Cloud') is a hybrid tea rose that has good resistance to rust and powdery mildew. It blooms repeatedly in spring and summer, producing 5-inch diameter orange-red flowers. 'Queen Elizabeth' (Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth') is a grandiflora rose that blooms from spring to first frost, producing pink, 2- to 4-inch wide flowers. Both of these roses do well in Texas and are hardy in USDA zones 5 to 9. 'Flower Carpet® Scarlet' (Rosa 'Flower Carpet® Scarlet,' USDA zones 4 to 11) is a groundcover-type rose that blooms in red from spring through fall. This rose is tolerant of high humidity and heat and has good disease resistance. When to Prune The best time to prune most roses is one month before the last expected hard frost in the spring. In Amarillo the last hard frost is usually around April 18. In Dallas it commonly occurs around March 3. Houston's last frost is usually February 8, while San Antonio gets the last frost around February 28. When roses are pruned earlier, they grow new stems and leaves at their bases and a cold snap is likely to cause serious damage or even kill the bush. Climbers are the only roses that should be pruned right after they finish blooming. Tidy up all types of roses at any time throughout the year by removing spent blossoms and dead and diseased stems as soon as they are noticed. Pruning in Hot Climates Roses should be cut back more drastically in USDA zones 8 to 10 in central and south Texas because the growing season is much longer there.
Large roses like hybrid teas, floribundas and grandifloras can be cut down to a height of 1 to 2 feet. This drastic pruning will result in larger flowers. If height is not a problem and such drastic pruning is not desired, they should be cut back by one-third their height. Smaller roses like shrub roses, which includes 'Knock Out®' roses (Rosa 'Knock Out®,' USDA zones 5b to 9), should be cut back to 2 feet shorter than their desired height, but not by more than half their height. Groundcover roses like 'Flower Carpet® Scarlet' can be cut back by about one-third their height. If the roses did not shed their leaves in the winter, strip them all off. This makes way for new, fresh foliage for the coming year. Pruning in Cooler Climates Roses in the colder USDA zones 6 and 7 of north Texas will not need to have as much stem removed. Larger roses can be cut down to a height of 1 to 2 feet, or one-third their height, whichever is preferred. They usually produce larger flowers when they are cut back to 1 to 2 feet tall. Shrub roses and groundcover roses are cut back in cooler zones just like they are in the warmer climates of central and south Texas. The leaves usually do not need to be removed in these colder areas. They are generally long gone by pruning time. Pruning Basics Always use sharp bypass pruners and make pruning cuts about ¼ inch above a growth bud. Disinfect the pruners with household disinfectant, rinse them and dry them off before using them. Also, when pruning diseased branches, the pruners should be disinfected between cuts to prevent the spread of disease. Wear heavy gardening gloves with reinforced palms and long sleeves for protection against thorns. Seal stems larger than a pencil with white household glue. Clean up all of the leaves, pieces of stem and other debris and put them in the trash. When left around the base of the roses, they will provide a growing environment for bacterial and fungal diseases.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Pruning, fertilizing and winterizing are basic rose gardening chores that need to be followed to keep rose bushes healthy and thriving year after year. Shorter days and colder autumn temperatures are signs that rosarians look to when beginning to prepare their rose bushes for the freezing winter days ahead. With proper protection, however, roses can withstand extremely low subfreezing temperatures and still bloom hardily only a few months later.
Cold Hardiness A rose bush's inherent hardiness contributes to its ability to withstand subfreezing temperatures. For example, old garden rose varieties can tolerate extremely cold winters, whereas more modern hybrid tea roses need considerable winter protection to survive the cold undamaged. Examples of hardy rose varieties include alba maxima, Maiden's Blush and Koenigen von Daenemark. Acclimation, midwinter hardiness and deacclimation also contribute to a rose's ability to survive freezing cold. Shorter days and decreasing temperatures trigger physiological and biochemical cues in rose bushes that prepare them for winter dormancy. Certain rose cultivars have maximum hardiness levels that allow them to withstand USDA zone 4a and 4b low temperatures of minus 20 to minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit. Early Preparation To begin to prepare roses for their winter dormancy, discontinue fertilizing in late summer or early fall, or more specifically, a minimum of one month before your local first-frost date. Continuing to fertilize rose bushes in autumn promotes new growth at a time when the objective is the opposite. Also refrain from deheading or cutting blooms, and allow the development of rose hips, which encourages the plant to harden for winter. Lastly, to reduce risk of disease the following year, remove all leaf debris from around the base of the bush. Complete Winterization Despite the fact that roses can freeze at temperatures below 32 F, only basic winter protection is needed in areas where subfreezing temperatures stay above 20 F. The reason for this is that proper rose winterization keeps the plants cold and frozen throughout winter. The severe damaging effects come not specifically from the cold but rather alternating freezing and thawing. Therefore, do not cover rose bushes until at least one hard frost occurs. Then remove all dropped leaves and cover the plant with a soil and compost mix approximately 10 to 12 inches deep. After this mound freezes, add further insulation, such as evergreen boughs or straw.
Other Considerations In areas with severe winters, like Minnesota and Vermont, additional protection is needed for roses to survive. One popular winterization method uses plastic foam rose cones that fit over bushes. Add a couple ventilation holes, however, to keep air from heating up inside. Another winterization method to consider in Northern regions is the "Minnesota Tip," in which the bush is partially uprooted, pushed over into a trench and covered with soil. Healthy roses that are properly tended year-round have greater chance of surviving extremely low subfreezing temperatures than those suffering from pests or disease.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Roses are some of the most popular flowers for home gardeners. Rose bushes grow and adapt to many types of soils. In fertile soils, rose bushes grow quickly and vigorously. Different varieties of rose bushes grow to different heights.
Bushes Bush type roses include hybrid tea roses, floribundas and grandifloras. These varieties grow between 2 and 6 feet tall. Miniature roses are bush type roses as well, but they only reach 6 to 24 inches in height. Shrubs Shrub roses reach 3 to 10 feet in height. These varieties of roses include wild roses, hybrid rugosa roses and hybrid musk roses. Shrub roses are commonly used for hedges, ground covers and screens.
Climbing Climbing roses produce canes that are 15 to 20 feet long and need support to stay upright. Climbing roses include ramblers, climbing hybrid tea roses and trailing roses. These roses are commonly trained to grow on fences and arbors. Do not prune climbing roses back until after the flowering is done for the season.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Primroses (Primula polyanthus), an old-fashioned perennial popular in gardens for hundreds of years, is native to the Northern Hemisphere. Most primroses are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 to 8. Over 400 species of the rosette-like plant grow both in the wild and cultivated in proper gardens, and one of the tricks gardeners learn early is that their primrose bed will last much longer if the plants are properly deadheaded.
Deadheading Primroses Deadheading simply means grooming the plant. By removing the spent flowers, you prevent your plant from going to seed, and allow it to mature. Cutting back the spent flower stems also encourages new growth, so you'll see fresh flowers. Once your plants have started to thrive, a simple walk around the garden several times a week allows you to see how your primroses are progressing and whether you might need to clean up the flowers that are spent. Make sure you sterilize your scissors or pruning shears with rubbing alcohol before using them to deadhead your primroses. Start checking your garden in late spring. Carry a pair of scissors or a small pair of pruning shears in your pocket for the task. Some gardeners prefer to simply pinch away the spent flowers between thumb and forefinger, but sharp scissors make it easier to snip away the dead flower and leaves. Wear rubber gloves -- some people might be allergic to certain varieties of plants. It also curbs the spread of disease if your naturally oily fingers are protected. Certain floral diseases easily spread when fingers flit from one flower to another. Look for the flowers that have begun to fade or are drying out. Reach down to the base of the flower stalk and hold the dead flower gently. Bend the flower to expose the stem, and then either pinch or snip the dead flower away from the plant. It's wise to carry a small bag or wear an apron and drop the dead flowers into the bag or apron rather than on the ground. You can dump your deadheaded materials into a recycling pile when you're done with your task. Because too much water will rot primroses, check them occasionally and clip off any yellow or rotten lower leaves you see around the base of the plant. Removing rotten leaves promotes new growth. Your primrose bed might seem a bit droopy after you deadhead and trim old growth, but you'll be rewarded when new buds start to arrive. If primroses get too wet, they can develop conditions like crown or root rot and become susceptible to garden bugs, like aphids or spiders. Once your plants stop blooming, pull the primroses from the ground or your pots, and put them into containers until fall. The best soil is gritty and humus-rich. Keep your containers in a sheltered spot, and keep the plants moist but not wet.
Growing Primroses You can grow primroses from seed or purchase your plants from a grower. If you choose to grow them from seed, be aware that the seeds are exceptionally small and it is difficult for the novice gardener to be successful starting these plants from seed. Most primula varieties flower reliably and are easy to grow. Plant them in sun or partial shade, and choose an area or pot that provides good drainage. Primroses don't like to be wet. If you can shelter them, you'll have very happy plants. Offering your plants liquid fertilizer every two weeks or so will encourage them to produce fresh buds and create a beautifully flowering plant. Varieties Most of the 450+ species of the genus primula like cooler weather and will not tolerate midsummer heat. They come in every color of the rainbow and the species names span the alphabet. The varieties are distinguished by their rosette of leaves that resemble the leaves of a head of lettuce. In the center of the rosette are the flowers. Each flower has five petals joined at the base. Flowers appear on leafless stalks. Common colors include white, red, blue, yellow, purple and cream, but some species also produce bicolored flowers.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月10日
Miss Chen
Gardeners may plant Knock Out roses for their reputation as carefree shrubs, but these varieties do require care, including some pruning. In Tennessee, the best time to trim Knock Out roses will depend on what garden task you have in mind.
Winterizing After the first hard freeze in fall is the best time to trim Knock Out roses to prepare them for winter, according to the Tennessee Rose Society. The society recommends trimming out dead wood and cutting living canes back by about 1/3. Spring Pruning Do an early spring pruning of Knock Out roses after the last hard frost, recommends the Conard-Pyle Co. website, removing 1/3 to 1/2 of the growth, cutting back to 12 to 18 inches. In Tennessee, the best time to complete spring trimming is by mid-March.
Summer Sprucing Although Knock Out roses don't require dead-heading to keep blooming, the best time to trim off the spent blooms to spruce up your plants during the Tennessee summer is after each flush of blooms. When the petals have dropped and new buds are forming, your shrubs will look neater if you trim off the spent blooms before they form rose hips. At summer's end, you can leave some hips until winterizing, advises the Tennessee Rose Society.
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