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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Orchids are cultivated and prized by gardeners all over the world. According to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, there are between 20,000 and 30,0000 different species of orchid in the world. In the wild, orchids can be found on every continent except Antarctica, though the great majority live in tropical and subtropical forests. About three quarters of all orchid species are epiphytes, which is a term that refers to plants that live and grow upon other plants. Orchids that grow on a host tree have a special kind of symbiotic relationship with it.
Symbiosis Symbiotic relationships between organisms can take different forms. Marietta College describes three forms. Parasitism is a relationship where one organism, the parasite, receives or takes benefits at the expense of the host organism. Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms receive a benefit from the relationship. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism receives benefits, but the other is nether helped nor harmed. Most epiphytic orchids fall into this category. Orchid Features Like other plants, epiphytic orchids have leaves, stems, flowers and roots. According to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, their root systems tend to be less extensive than plants that live on the ground but are capable of fast, efficient uptake of water and nutrients. Epiphytic orchids are also capable of storing water in their stems to compensate for dry periods. They tend to grow on parts of trees that collect organic debris and water, such as on inner branches. Trees with rough barks that hold water and humus in cracks and crevices tend to support orchids better than those with smooth barks.
Nutrition Epiphytes need nutrients in order to survive, grow and reproduce. They acquire their nutrition in different ways. Some are capable of taking in everything they need directly from the air around them. Others glean water, minerals and nitrogen from the decaying organic matter of their host tree. According to the American Journal of Botany, some species rely on other organisms growing on the tree, such as fungi, for nutritional benefits. Other sources of nutrition include waste products from insects and birds. Negative Effects Although the epiphyte doesn't harm the host by taking away its nutrition, there are ways that the host tree can be affected. The Brooklyn Botanic Gardens describe how the sheer weight of a mass of epiphytic growth can cause damaging branch breakage. Some host trees with rough bark may shed pieces of their bark periodically, preventing the overgrowth of orchids and other epiphytic plants. Others produce chemicals that can inhibit or discourage epiphyte growth. Positive Effects Epiphytes increase the amount of moisture in the air, helping to keep the tropical rainforests humid. This is important in that it helps the rainforest trees absorb nitrogen from the air. As described by the University of Missouri Extension, the uptake and utilization of nitrogen through the nitrogen cycle is essential to plant growth, function and reproduction.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Black orchids are popular in witchcraft stories, fiction, spooky legends and myths, as well as pop-culture comics characters. They are believed to be mysterious flowers, with magical powers. In reality, however, the black orchid is just another species of the exotic orchid family, considered a challenge to grow, but easy to raise and propagate. Black orchid flower arrangements are commonly used in corporate events or Gothic-themed parties, because of their mysterious and elegant color.
The black orchid has many symbolisms. Many consider black as the color of death, and attribute evil connotations to it. However, the black orchid, with its imposing color and mysterious beauty, also signifies great power and absolute authority, and commands submission. It has long been a symbol of the elite class, as in fashion history, the use of the color was restricted to certain classes because of its formality. Species According to Onlineflowersguide.com, black orchid has two main types: terrestrial (grows on the ground) and epiphytes (grows on trees). There are many versions of the orchid considered dark enough or nearly black, such as: Dendrobium fuliginosa (the "Black Pam), Coelogyne pandurata, Miltonioides leucomelas, Dracula vampira, Dracula roezlii, Oncidium henckenii, and a few hybrids like Paphiopedilum Maudiae Prieta Paphiopedilum Makuli ("Candor Blackheart"), Paphiopedilum Black Velvet ("Candor Neat") and Paphiopedilum Maudiae ("Florafest's Queen"). Still, the truly pure deep black orchid continues to be the Liparis nervosa, called "kokuran" (which literally means black orchid) in Japanese. Origins The black orchid is common in Asia, as well as Central and South America. The orchid's name is derived from the Greek word "orchis," meaning "testicle," because of the shape of its bulbous roots, making the black orchid a symbol of virility. Early Greeks believed they could control their baby's gender by consuming orchid roots. If they want to have a son, the father should eat large, new orchid tubers; if they want a daughter, it's the mother's turn to eat small tubers. Orchid collection became popular and more extensive during the 19th century.
Care & Propagation Black orchids easily adapt to any environment, but grow best in a warm temperature (not too hot or too cold) or partial sun exposure. It blooms from July to September and can reach up to 12 inches in height. It is propagated through six methods: seeds, meristem or tissue culture, division, areal cuttings, keiki or by dyeing white orchids using black dye. Significant Uses The black orchid, as a symbol of absolute authority and achievement, is the perfect gift for someone who has recently assumed a high position, graduated, attained a significant goal or achievement, or a leader. Gift it to your new boss, a graduate, or your parish priest. It is an appropriate gift for both males and females. The black orchid's virility connotations also make it an excellent gift for your mate to communicate your fertility wishes as well as your confidence in his sexual power.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Contrary to popular belief, orchids are not difficult to grow as houseplants. However, these exotic plants have different cultural needs than most varieties of houseplants. Prematurely wilting flowers are frequently a sign of incorrect growing conditions that affect the overall health of the plant. Providing the proper care encourages the growth of healthy foliage and abundant blossoms.
Blossoms Depending on the variety of orchid, the average blossom season lasts one to two months. During this time, numerous buds open and wilt until the end of the blossoming season. Some varieties, such as Phalaenopsis, produce a continual supply of blossoms for a period up to three months. Most varieties produce new blossoms the following year although some orchids bloom two or three times each year. Negligence can cause plants to stop flowering prematurely or wilt suddenly. Environment Orchids need a controlled environment to produce healthy blossoms. Nighttime temperatures between 55 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit are ideal for orchids, while daytime temperatures between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit provide the best environment for orchids. These plants prefer about a 10-degree difference between the daytime and nighttime temperatures. Orchids require at least eight hours of sunlight each day. Inadequate light is one of the main reasons for depleted blossoms and reluctance to bloom. These plants flourish in sunny windowsills as long as the heat remains near 75 degrees. However, moving a wilting plant from a shady location directly into full sunlight can shock the plant. Gradually acclimate a wilting orchid by placing it in sunlight for a few hours each day. Moisture Like many tropical exotics, orchids require even soil moisture at all times. Orchids in full bloom tend to require more water than orchids with only foliage. Providing additional water during the flowering season discourages wilting due to dehydration. A pot with good drainage holes and a layer of sphagnum moss over the loamy soil ensures sufficient moisture and adequate drainage.
Nutrients Although most orchids come from the nursery potted in rich, nutritious orchid media, continued growth can deplete the soil of nutrients. Applying a diluted fertilizer once each week during the flowering season will encourage healthy, long-lived blossoms. Select a fertilizer labeled for use on orchids and follow the label instructions for mixing and applying the plant food.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
The profuse blossoms fade and fall from the flower spike, leaving your moth orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.) bare. Phalaenopsis are the lovely flowering orchids found in many stores and florist shops. While other orchids may be available, Phalaenopsis is the easiest to locate, grow and rebloom. Hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, it thrives indoors in winter and enjoys shady outdoor locations in summer.
Reduce the Temperature Phalaenopsis, Odontoglossum and Zygopetalum are among the orchid species that are stimulated to rebloom when temperatures drop 10 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit at night. The ideal temperatures for these orchids are 75 to 85 degrees F during the day and 60 to 65 degrees F at night. If the orchid is a houseplant, when outside temperatures drop at night, open a window to pull in the cooler night air. Monitor night temperatures -- the orchid should not be exposed to temperatures below 58 degrees F. Provide More Light Phalaenopsis, like other orchids, prefers bright, filtered light from an east- or west-facing window. In winter, you can use a full-spectrum grow light to provide additional light to help stimulate growth and new flower spike development. If the orchid's leaves are dark green, it's not receiving enough light. The leaves should be a light greenish-yellow. However, avoid placing the orchid in direct sun; the leaves easily burn in sunlight. Water Regularly Orchids require regular watering, generally once a week when the potting mix is dry. Place the orchid pot in the sink and fill the pot with water. Allow the water to drain completely from the potting mix, and then repeat twice to ensure that the bark or other medium is moist. Orchids also require higher humidity than most homes provide. A tray filled with pebbles and water under the orchid pot helps raise the humidity, while a cool steam vaporizer adds additional moisture to the air around the orchid.
Fertilize Weekly To encourage the orchid to rebloom, it needs regular feeding. Feed the plant with a one-quarter strength 20-20-20 fertilizer solution every week, immediately after watering. Mix 1/4 teaspoon liquid fertilizer with 1 gallon of water, and pour the solution over the potting mix until it drains from the bottom of the pot. The American Orchid Society recommends avoiding fertilizers formulated with urea, which may burn the orchid's roots. Trim the Flower Spike Phalaenopsis reblooms from the flower spike, but the second blooming may have fewer, smaller flowers. Some gardeners trim the flower spike to one or two nodes, approximately 1 to 2 inches long. Others recommend trimming the flower spike to the base of the plant. Always sterilize your pruners before and after cutting the flower spike to prevent the spread of fungi or disease, using a solution made of equal parts water and rubbing alcohol. Enjoy the Flowers Orchids vary when reblooming. Some species may not bloom again until spring, while Phalaenopsis may begin developing new flower spikes from the nodes left on the trimmed flower spike and bloom again in eight to 12 weeks. Once the orchid blooms, the flowers linger for four months or more.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Like most plants, when an orchid (plants in the Orchidaceae family) produces new leaves, older ones naturally turn yellow before dying back. When newer leaves turn yellow, it's important to reevaluate how you care for the plant and then check it for some common orchid diseases. While almost all of the symptoms of these include some sort of yellowing of the leaves, only a few turn leaves completely yellow.
Too Much Light Most of the more than 25,000 species of orchids grow in tropical forests, shaded by the canopy. Although some species thrive in bright sunlight, others will experience yellow foliage. This will eventually drop off the plant. To avoid the problem in the future, provide the orchid with indirect sunlight by setting it on the sill of an east-facing window or within two feet of a south-facing window. If you know that your particular orchid species requires medium sunlight, place it on the sill of a west-facing window or within one foot of a window that receives southern exposure. Cold Temperatures Orchids are hardy outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 11, depending on species. Outside of the tropics, most are grown indoors, however, where they do fine with typical indoor temperatures. Some orchids, such as phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis spp.), hardy in USDA zones 10 through 12, are sensitive to temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and leaves will turn yellow. Again, these leaves will naturally fall from the plant. Adjust the temperature until you find one that suits the orchid best, between 60 and 80 degrees during the daytime and 50 to 55 degrees at night. Bacterial Rot Bacterial soft and brown rot are orchid diseases that turn the orchid's leaves yellow before they darken to black. Treat the infection by removing affected parts of the plant with sterile tools and then spraying the orchid until it is wet with a broad-range virucide, bactericide and fungicide, such as Physan 20. Use 2 teaspoons in 1 gallon of water. Repeat the spray once a month to prevent further occurrences. Keeping the foliage dry and increasing air circulation around the orchid also helps prevent this infection.
Fusarium Wilt This disease can be distinguished from other orchid diseases by the wrinkled or shriveled appearance of the yellow leaves. Since it is typically caused by poor sanitation, prevention involves sterilizing cutting equipment before using it on the plant. A five-minute soak in solution containing 1 part household bleach and 3 parts of water and rinsing with clear water afterward should do the trick. Dip the tools and rinse them before each cut made to the orchid. Southern Blight If the lower part of the orchid's stems turn yellow as well as its leaves, suspect southern blight, a fungal infection. Treat southern blight with a systemic fungicide containing thiophanate methyl. Mix 1/2 teaspoon of the fungicide in 1 gallon of water and pour it over the soil. Reapply the fungicide in four weeks. Prevent southern blight on your orchids by providing increased air circulation and proper sanitation.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Orchids are notoriously expensive and temperamental plants, and many orchid owners are intimidated at the prospect of reproducing their orchids. However, orchids are quite hardy and can be reproduced easily. Reproducing your orchid can benefit the overall health of the plant, encouraging new growth. With the right preparation, you can use the division method to reproduce your orchids yourself in an afternoon.
Division Step 1 Reproduce your orchid during the early spring, just after new growth has become visible on the plant. This gives the divided plants ample time to recover from the stress of division. Step 2 Remove the orchid from its pot, and examine the roots. The roots should cover the outside of the growing medium and should be white in color. If the roots are not white, you may be over watering your orchid. Step 3 Grasp the base of the plant, where the plant meets the soil, and gently tug the plant apart into two equal halves. When the halves begin to separate, check the soil in each half for bulbs. To ensure flowering the following season, each half should contain at least three bulbs. Each half should also include some new growth. Step 4 Pull the halves completely apart, and use a pair of sharp gardening shears or a sharp knife to cut any roots connecting the two halves. Remove the old soil from around the roots on each half.
Repotting Step 5 Trim the roots to a length of 4 inches, and save the white root trimmings for use in repotting. Completely remove any brown or soggy roots, and discard. These roots may spread rot in the new plants. Step 6 Place several pieces of bark or polystyrene in the bottom of each new pot to encourage drainage. Gently ease each divided plant into its new pot, positioning the plant so that the new growth is at the center of the pot. Pack the sides of the pot with the trimmed white roots, and fill around the roots with orchid compost. Press the compost into place so that the plant is secure in the pot. Step 7 Soak the plants from above, and allow them to drain for two hours. Soak the plants once more, and do not water again for two weeks. Keep the plants in a shady area for the first two months after repotting.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Growing orchids is much easier than most people believe. Orchids are perfectly happy to stay rootbound in the same pot for years. As long as you provide water, bright filtered light and the right temperature range, your orchid will bloom. After the orchid finishes blooming and the flower stem is completely dead, it should be carefully pruned back, encouraging the plant to produce new flowers.
Step 1 Determine the species of your orchid. While it is safe to prune most orchids, Dendrobiums rebloom from the leafless stems; do not remove a Dendrobium orchid's flower stalk. Dendrobiums are one of the most commonly sold orchids. With over 1,500 species and thousands of hybrids, any prolifically blooming but unknown variety of orchid with a long, arching stem should be considered a Dendrobium. Step 2 Inspect your orchid. Look carefully at the spent flower stem. If it is brown and dried up, it is ready for pruning.
Step 3 Cut the stem with the hand pruner, leaving at least 1 inch of the stem extending above the base of the plant. If your orchid has nodules on the flower stem, cut the stem 1/4 inch above one of the leaf-like bumps.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Orchids have an undeserved reputation for being difficult to grow and easy to kill, which, unfortunately, causes many people to shy away from growing them in their homes. In reality, you can grow many popular orchid species, such as Cattleya, Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium, at home with simple, common-sense care. Overwatering is a common concern when growing orchids; the ice cube watering method is a simple trick that you can use to avoid over-irrigating your new houseplant.
Sunlight Orchids require just the right amount of sunlight in order to grow successfully. If provided too little sunlight, the plant will fail to blossom; if provided too much sunlight, the blossoms will fade and the foliage will burn. The best way to expose your orchid to the sunlight it needs is to place it within 4 feet of a sunny south-facing window where it can receive filtered light for at least four hours each day. Water If it's your first time growing an orchid, knowing just how much water to give your new houseplant may seem a bit tricky. Fortunately, using the ice cube watering method takes all the guesswork out of irrigating your orchid. Simply arrange three standard-size ice cubes on the surface of the potting mix around the plant; avoid letting the ice touch the orchid directly. As the ice cubes melt, they will slowly and evenly moisten the potting mix. Water your orchid once a week using this method. Fertilize When grown in their native climates, orchids use their thick, fleshy roots to draw nutrients from the air around them. When you grow them indoors as houseplants, you must provide nutrients for your orchids by following a regular fertilization schedule. Feed the orchid with weekly applications of a specially formulated orchid fertilizer from early spring through summer. Cease fertilization during the fall and winter months; the plant is not actively growing and doesn't need the steady stream of supplemental nutrients.
Re-pot Occasional re-potting is essential to maintaining the long-term health of your orchid. The University of Tennessee recommends re-potting indoor orchids every one to three years to replace the potting mix and to trim out any problematic roots. Gently remove the orchid from its planting container and rinse its roots under warm running water. Feel the roots with your fingertips; healthy roots will feel stiff and turgid. Use a sharpened and sterilized gardening knife to cut out any roots that are brown or mushy. Repot the orchid in a well-draining potting mix composed of equal parts peat moss, redwood bark, charcoal and volcanic rock.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Orchids are tropical plants that exist in more than 25,000 varieties. They grow in a wide range of environments, from arctic tundras to rain forests, writes Dr. Leonard Perry, a University of Vermont horticulturist. Some types grow in soil, while others grow on the sides of trees, taking their nourishment from the air and moisture around the trees, as well as from bits of decaying organic matter. As with all plants, orchids require nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Although they require little fertilizing, providing proper nutrients will help them to thrive, and you can make your own orchid fertilizer.
Step 1 Place ½ lb. used coffee grounds into a 5-gallon bucket. Fill the bucket with water and allow the mixture to sit overnight. Filter out the grounds with cheesecloth. Discard the grounds, keeping the liquid. Step 2 Heat 10 broken eggshells in a 200-degree oven for 30 minutes to kill bacteria. Allow the eggshells to cool. Grind them in a food processor, breaking them up to a fine powder if possible. Place the ground up shells in a jar with water and allow them to soak for five days. Filter out the powder with cheesecloth and discard it. The remaining water is a rich source of calcium for plants. Step 3 Dilute 1 tsp. plain molasses in 1 pint water and mix vigorously. Molasses will give the plant additional potassium for essential growth processes. Step 4 Add equal amounts of coffee grounds water, eggshell water and molasses water to a 5-gallon bucket. Step 5 Mix the ingredients thoroughly.
Step 6 Dilute the solution by half and apply to the orchid growing medium in place of watering. Fertilize monthly with the mixture. Store any left over mixture in covered containers in a refrigerator
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
If your orchid loses all of its flowers, you should cut the flower stalk about an inch from the main stalk, water it and stick it in a window with indirect sunlight. Contrary to popular belief, orchid flowers do not last forever, but when properly cared for can last a month or more. Orchids are extremely hardy plants that can grow well and bloom with minimal care.
The Care of Orchids Orchids are topical and subtropical plants that require moisture and indirect sunlight. Depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature and moisture in the air, orchids should be watered at least once a week. Watering can be a light misting to a thorough drenching of the growing medium. Orchid fertilizer should be used occasionally and in accordance with the product's directions. To ensure the roots do not rot, air movement, however slight, is critical. Pests like aphids, mites and scale should be treated with an organic material specific to the pest. Orchid Growing Mediums Orchids grow everywhere in the wild, so virtually any planting medium will work. With the right moisture conditions, orchids can grow without soil at all. Common household growing media includes bark pieces, sphagnum or peat moss or perlite. Whatever the medium, it should retain moisture for about a week to allow moisture to slowly evaporate. Never use soil or allow the roots to soak in a pool of water. Both soil and standing water will rot the roots and kill the plant.
New Growth After the flowers have faded and died, orchids require a short dormant period to send out new roots and new flower stalks. New roots will usually appear in the area of the last flowering stalk. An orchid is healthy if you find new white or light green fleshy roots. After several weeks, new growth on the main plant above the roots will grow into a new stalk with flowers appearing before long. Recommendations With the explosion of orchids available in grocery stores, big box hardware stores and flower shops, there is a good chance perfectly healthy orchids can be found in the potted plant clearance section. Look for plants that have healthy green leaves or are not too wilted and show new root growth. Immediately repot and water them when you get home, and soon you will have a large, inexpensive orchid collection.
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