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花园 (4)
动态 (4985)
Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial wildflower is 3-6' tall and unbranched or sparingly so. The central stem is green, stout, and terete, bluntly angular, or ribbed; it is sparsely short-pubescent along the upper half of its length, becoming glabrous below. Alternate compound leaves occur along the entire length of the stem that are evenly pinnate with 6-12 pairs of leaflets. Individual leaflets are 1¼-2½" long and ½-1" across; they are oblong-elliptic in shape and smooth along their margins. The upper leaflet surface is medium green or bluish green and hairless, while the lower surface is pale green or bluish green, often glaucous, and hairless. At the base of each leaflet, there is a short petiolule (basal stalklet) 1/8" (3 mm.) long or less. The petioles of compound leaves are 2-6" long, light green, grooved along their upper surfaces, and either sparsely short-pubescent or hairless. At the base of each petiole, there is a pair of small stipules that are linear-lanceolate in shape and tardily deciduous. Along the upper side of each petiole near its base, there is a small gland that functions as an extra-floral nectary; this gland is often dome-shaped and dark gray-purple, with or without a short stalk at its base. The crushed foliage has an unpleasant scent. Both terminal and axillary inflorescences are produced. The terminal inflorescence is ½-1' long, consisting of either a raceme or panicle of flowers. The axillary inflorescences are up to ½' long, consisting of racemes of flowers. Individual flowers are about ¾" across, consisting of 5 spreading yellow petals, 5 spreading greenish yellow sepals, 10 stamens with dark brown anthers, and a pistil with a style that curls upward at its tip. The sepals are smaller than the petals; the former are joined together at the base and obovate in shape. The stamens are organized into three groups: the lower 3 stamens have long filaments and long anthers, the middle 4 stamens have short filaments and long anthers, while the upper 3 stamens have short filaments and short anthers. Of these, the lower and middle stamens are fertile, while the upper stamens are sterile. The slender green styles are covered with short appressed hairs. The flowers are without nectaries. The stalks of each inflorescence are green, often angular, and usually short-pubescent. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late summer for about 3-4 weeks. Shortly afterwards, the flowers are replaced by drooping seedpods. These seedpods are narrowly oblong in shape and flattened with single-seeded segments. They are initially green and their sides are covered with appressed short hairs, but they become dark brown and more hairless at maturity, dividing into two parts along its length to release the seeds. Individual seeds are a little less than ¼" long, dark-colored, oblongoid-ovoid in shape, flattened, and more pointed on one end than the other. The shallow root system is fibrous and long-rhizomatous. Small colonies of clonal plants often develop from the rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, moist well-drained conditions, and soil containing loam, sand, rocky material, or other soil types. The root system does not add nitrogen to the soil, unlike many species in the closely related Bean family (Fabaceae). This tall flowering plant is easy to cultivate in gardens.
Range & Distribution: The native Maryland Senna is widely distributed throughout Illinois, but it is relatively uncommon (see Distribution Map). Populations of this species appear to be declining. Habitats include moist prairies, openings in wooded areas, thickets, savannas, riverbanks, and limestone glades. Occasionally this wildflower is cultivated in gardens. In wooded natural areas, some disturbance is required to reduce competition from trees and shrubs. Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated by bumblebees, which collect pollen from the flowers. The extra-floral nectaries attract ants and occasionally flies, which feed on the nectar. The foliage of Maryland Senna and the closely related Wild Senna (Senna hebecarpa) is consumed by caterpillars of the butterflies Eurema nicippe (Sleepy Orange), Phoebis philea (Orange-barred Sulfur), and Phoebis sennae (Cloudless Sulfur). The foliage is also eaten by the caterpillars of Epargyreus clarus (Silver-Spotted Skipper) and Ascalapha odorata (Black Witch), while the flowers are eaten by caterpillars of the polyphagous moth, Pleuroprucha insulsaria (Common Tan Wave). A negro bug, Cydnoides ciliatus orientis, has been found in association with Maryland Senna, other Senna spp. (Sennas), and Cassia spp. (Partridge Peas); they are possible host plants of this insect. Because the foliage is somewhat toxic and cathartic, it is usually avoided by White-Tailed Deer and other mammalian herbivores.
Photographic Location: A woodland opening at Busey Woods in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: A scientific synonym of this species is Cassia marilandica. Another common name of this wildflower is Southern Wild Senna, because its range doesn't extend as far north as a closely related species, Senna hebecarpa (Wild Senna). These two species are very similar in appearance and they are occasionally confused with each other. The flowers of Maryland Senna have styles with short appressed hairs, while the flowers of Wild Senna have styles with long spreading hairs. Maryland Senna also tends to produce fewer flowers than Wild Senna, although variations in environmental conditions can produce exceptions to this rule.
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is largely unbranched and up to 6' tall. The stout central stem is light green, and slightly hairy in the upper stem and at the base of the upper compound leaves. The compound leaves are evenly pinnate with about 5-10 pairs of leaflets. The gray-green to medium green leaflets are individually up to 2½" long and ¾" across. Each leaflet is oblong or elliptic-oblong and smooth along the margins; it has a small pointed tip and a short petiolule (basal stalklet) that is 1/8" (3 mm.) in length or less. On the upper side of a petiole near its base is a small club-shaped gland; it is ovoid or dome-shaped above a short stalk. This gland secretes nectar to attract certain kinds of insects (see below for more information). At the base of each petiole, there is a pair of small linear-lanceolate stipules; they are tardily deciduous. The central stem terminates in either a raceme or panicle of flowers about ½-1' long. In addition, smaller racemes of flowers often develop from the axils of upper compound leaves. Each flower is about ¾" across; it has 5 pale yellow sepals, 5 yellow petals, 10 stamens with dark brown anthers, and a pistil with spreading white hairs. The petals have a tendency to turn white as they age, while the hairy pistil eventually develops into a seedpod. In each flower, the stamens are divided into 3 groups: the lower 3 stamens have long anthers and long filaments, the middle 4 stamens have long anthers and short filaments, while the upper 3 anthers have short anthers and short filaments. Of these, the lower and middle stamens are fertile, while the upper stamens are sterile. The flowers have no nectaries. The blooming period is mid- to late summer, which lasts about a month. There is no noticeable floral scent. The flattened seedpods are about 3-4" long, ½" across, and dark brown when they are fully mature; each seedpod has 10-18 segments, and each segment contains a single seed that is less than than ¼" long. The seeds are ovoid-rhombic in shape and flattened; they are nearly as wide as they are long. The root system consists of fibrous roots and rhizomes. This plant often forms vegetative colonies from the rhizomes.
Cultivation: The preference is partial to full sun, and moist to mesic conditions. A rich loamy soil is preferred, although sandy and rocky soil are also tolerated. This plant can become quite tall when the soil is fertile and moist; it may flop over while the flowers and seedpods are developing. Range & Habitat: The native Wild Senna occurs in scattered counties throughout Illinois; it is perhaps a little more common in the east than the west (see Distribution Map). This species is occasional in some areas, and uncommon or absent in others. Populations in the wild are probably declining as a result of modern development. Habitats include moist meadows near rivers, savannas, fens, pastures, and roadsides. Some disturbance is beneficial when it reduces competition from shrubs and trees. Occasionally, Wild Senna is found in flower gardens because of the showy flowers.
Faunal Associations: The flowers atttract bumblebees primarily, which seek pollen. Halictid bees also visit the flowers for pollen, but are less likely to achieve cross-pollination. The extra-floral nectaries, on the other hand, attract primarily ants and a few other insects, including ladybird beetles and flies. It is possible that some of these insects protect the plant from other insects that would attack the foliage. The caterpillars of some Sulfur butterflies rely on the foliage of Senna spp. (Sennas) as a source of food. In Illinois, this includes Eurema nicippe (Sleepy Orange), Phoebis philea (Orange-Barred Sulfur), and Phoebis sennae eubule (Cloudless Sulfur). Other insects that feed on Sennas include caterpillars of the moths Ascalapha odorata (Black Witch) and Pleuroprucha insulsaria (Common Tan Wave); caterpillars of the last species feed on the flowers. Mammalian herbivores usually avoid consumption of the foliage, which has purgative properties. The seeds may be eaten by some upland gamebirds, particularly the Bobwhite.
Photographic Location: The photographs were taken of plants growing in an herbal garden at Meadowbrook Park, Urbana, Illinois, and in the wildflower garden of the webmaster in the same city. Comments: This is a striking plant while in bloom and it has attractive foliage. It is difficult to distinguish Wild Senna from Senna marilandica (Maryland Senna), which has a very similar appearance. Generally, Wild Senna has a more northern distribution than Maryland Senna, but in Illinois their ranges overlap. On Wild Senna, the pistils of the flowers have long white hairs, while in Maryland Senna these hairs are shorter and more appressed. Wild Senna has a tendency to produce a greater abundance of flowers than Maryland Senna, although this characteristic is influenced by environmental conditions, such as the abundance of sunlight. Another scientific name for Wild Senna is Cassia hebecarpa.
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is 2-3' tall and little branched, except near the apex. The erect central stem is whitish green, bluntly 4-angled, and finely pubescent. The opposite leaves are up to 3" long and 1½" across; they are ovate in shape and crenate along their margins. The upper leaf surface is pale-medium or yellowish green and glabrous or nearly so (except for young leaves), while the lower leaf surface is whitish green and finely pubescent. The pubescence on the elevated veins of the leaf undersides is somewhat longer than the pubescence between the veins. The petioles are short (up to ½" in length), whitish green, and finely pubescent. From the middle to upper leaf axils, short secondary stems with smaller leaves may form. Racemes of Flowers The upper stems terminate in spike-like racemes of flowers up to 6" in length. These racemes are held upright and they have densely-spaced pairs of flowers. Each flower has a 2-lipped tubular corolla about ¾" long that is mostly blue-violet, and a short tubular calyx about ¼" long that is whitish green and finely pubescent. The reproductive organs of the flower are inserted within the corolla. The upper lip of the corolla is hood-like with lateral margins that are curled back, while its lower lip is larger and broader; there is a conspicuous patch of white in front of the throat of corolla. A very fine pubescence (canescence) covers the outer surface of the flower, particularly on the hood (visible with a 10x hand lens). The calyx has a conspicuous protuberance on its upper side. Both the central rachis of each raceme and the pedicels of the flowers (up to ¼" in length) are whitish green and finely pubescent. At the base of each pedicel on a raceme, there is a small leafy bract up to ½" long that is lanceolate or elliptic in shape. None of the hairs on this plant are glandular or sticky.
The blooming period occurs from mid- to late summer, lasting about 1-1½ months. There is no noticeable floral scent. The flowers are replaced by oddly shaped capsules that contain 2-4 nutlets. The upper surface of each capsule is concave with a protuberance on one side. At maturity, these capsules turn brown and split open to release their nutlets; this process may be facilitated by raindrop logistics. The root system is rhizomatous, often forming tight colonies of clonal plants. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun and mesic to dry-mesic conditions. Full sun or light shade and moist conditions are also tolerated. The soil can contain loam, clay-loam, or some rocky material, which corresponds to the conditions in which this plant normally grows. Foliar disease rarely bothers this plant; some of the lower leaves may turn yellow and drop off the stem if there is a severe drought, but this member of the Mint family withstands dry conditions rather well. Occasionally, insects may chew holes in the leaves, sometimes causing major damage. Overall, this plant is easy to grow in a garden setting.
Range & Habitat: The native Downy Skullcap occurs occasionally in the southern half of Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is largely absent (see Distribution Map). Illinois lies along the northern range limit of this species. Habitats include upland forests, rocky slopes of woodlands, thinly wooded bluffs, rocky slopes along rivers, upland meadows in wooded areas, thickets, and roadsides that run through woodlands. Downy Skullcap usually occurs in and around upland forests, but it occasionally strays into adjacent meadows. This plant is usually found in higher quality natural areas.
Faunal Associations: The flowers are pollinated by bumblebees primarily, which suck nectar or collect pollen. Less common visitors are bee flies, skippers, or small butterflies, but these visitors are less likely to cross-pollinate the flowers. Some species of wasps may perforate the base of the flower and steal nectar (specifically, the Eumenid wasp Euodynerus foraminatus has been observed to do this), and Halictid bees sometimes take advantage of these perforations to suck nectar themselves. Insects that feed destructively on Downy Skullcap and other Skullcaps (Scutellaria spp.) include the flea beetles Phyllobrotica circumdata and Phyllobrotica limbata, the leaf-mining larvae of Caloptilia scutellariella (Skullcap Caloptilia Moth), and the larvae of Prochoreutis inflatella (Skullcap Skeletonizer Moth). Because the foliage is bitter-tasting and possibly toxic, mammalian herbivores usually don't bother this plant to any significant degree.
Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Downy Skullcap has attractive foliage and flowers; it is one of the more showy species in this genus. It is similar to Agastache foeniculum (Anise Hyssop) in the appearance of its foliage and habitat preferences, but its flowers are larger and more attractive. Therefore, it's surprising that this plant is not grown in flower gardens more often. Distinguishing Scutellaria spp. (Skullcaps) is rather tricky, but here are some key characteristics of Downy Skullcap: 1) Except for the lowest leaves, the leaf bases are well-rounded, rather than heart-shaped; 2) this species of Skullcap blooms later and grows taller than most; 3) except for the upper leaf surfaces, the entire plant is finely pubescent, and it has no sticky glandular hairs; and 4) the racemes of its flowers are terminal, rather than axillary.
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous plant is a short-lived perennial that forms a rosette of basal leaves; it later bolts to form a flowering stalk that becomes 1–3' tall. The basal leaves are 2½–6" long and 1–3½" across and variably shaped; they are ovate, obovate, oblanceolate, or broadly elliptic in outline. The majority of basal leaves are pinnatifid with a larger terminal lobe and 1-3 pairs of smaller lateral lobes. These lobes are rounded, shallow to deep, and somewhat undulate. Some basal leaves lack significant lobes, however, and their margins are merely undulate. In addition, some basal leaves may have blunt dentate teeth. The whitish and relatively stout petioles of the basal leaves are ¾–3½" long; they are concave above, convex below, and sparsely to moderately hairy. The flowering stalk is light to medium green, sparsely to moderately hairy, and 4-angled. Along the lower one-half of its length, there are 0-2 pairs of opposite leaves (usually a single pair). The opposite leaves are 1–3" long, ¼–1" across, and sessile (or nearly so); they are elliptic to broadly elliptic in shape or, less often, shallowly pinnatifid. The margins of the opposite leaves are either toothless or they may have blunt dentate teeth. The leaf surfaces of both basal and opposite leaves are medium to dark green, sometimes with purplish coloration; they are sparsely hairy. Leaf venation is pinnate. The inflorescence consists of a spike-like raceme of whorled flowers about ½–1½' long; the whorls of flowers are remotely spaced along the central stalk, and there are 4-12 flowers per whorl (typically about 6). Each flower is about ¾–1" long, consisting of a light blue-violet or lavender corolla, a medium green calyx, 2 fertile stamens and 2 infertile residual stamens, a slender style with a bifurcated tip, and a 4-celled ovary.
The corolla is tubular-funnel shaped (widest at its mouth, tapering gradually toward its base) and two-lipped. The upper lip is smaller in size and divided into 3 rounded lobes (1 upper lobe and 2 lateral lobes), while the lower lip is larger in size, slightly notched, and often whitish. The 2-lipped calyx has 3 small upper teeth that are little more than awns and 2 larger lower teeth that taper into awn-like tips; the entire calyx is angular-ribbed and wider at its mouth than its base. The outer surface of the corolla has sparse fine pubescence, while the outer surface of the calyx is sparsely hairy. The pedicels of the flowers are less than ¼" long and pubescent. The blooming period occurs from mid-spring to early summer, lasting about 1 month. Afterwards, each flower is replaced by 4 dark brown to black nutlets that are about 2 mm. in length. and ovoid in shape. The root system consists of a shallow crown with coarse fibrous roots. Cultivation: The preference is full sun to light shade, moist to dry-mesic conditions, and soil containing sand, rocky material, or gravel. However, ordinary garden soil containing loam or clay-loam is acceptable if competition from taller plants is eliminated or reduced. Northern ecotypes of this plant are more likely to be winter-hardy in colder regions.
Range & Habitat: Lyre-leaved Sage (Salvia lyrata) is occasional in southern Illinois, where it is native (see Distribution Map). Illinois lies along the northwestern range-limit of this plant. Habitats include upland woodlands in rocky areas, areas adjacent to woodland paths, rocky semi-wooded slopes, upland savannas, edges and upper slopes of bluffs, limestone or sandstone glades, sandbars and gravel bars along rivers, semi-shaded roadsides, and pastures. This plant is sometimes cultivated in flower gardens, especially cultivars with purplish foliage. Outside of the state, Lyre-leaved Sage is often found in sandy habitats. In Illinois, it is found in both high quality habitats and more degraded sites. Faunal Associations: Smith et al. (2012) observed large carpenter bees (Xylocopa), leaf-cutting bees (Megachile), and mason bees (Hoplitis, Osmia) visiting the flowers (probably for nectar). Mourning Doves eat the seeds (Lewis, 1993). The foliage of this plant is probably avoided as a food source by most mammalian herbivores. It is possible that the awn-like tips of the calyces may cling to the fur of mammals, dispersing the seeds to new areas.
Photographic Location: Along a woodland path at the Portland Arch Nature Preserve in west-central Indiana. Comments: Except for Wild Blue Sage (Salvia azurea), Lyre-leaved Sage (Salvia lyrata) is the only native sage (Salvia) in Illinois. All of the others are either adventive from areas further to the west, or they were introduced from abroad as ornamental plants and culinary herbs. Lyre-leaved Sage is remarkable for the variability of its basal leaves. Because other sages and similar species in the Mint family in Illinois have mostly opposite leaves, rather than basal leaves, it is relatively easy to identify. Another common name of this plant is Cancer Weed.
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial herbaceous plant is 3-6' tall, branching occasionally. The stems are light green, terete, and sometimes slightly furrowed; they are covered with spreading hairs. The lower to middle leaves usually have 3-5 deep lobes; they are up to 8" long and 4½" across. The upper leaves usually lack lobes; they are up to 3" long and 1" across. The lobes of the lower to middle leaves are more or less lanceolate in shape and coarsely dentate along their margins; the terminal lobes usually taper to petiole-like bases. The upper leaves are elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate in shape, while their margins are sparsely to moderately dentate. The upper leaf surfaces are medium green and rough-textured from short stiff hairs that are sparsely distributed, while the lower leaf surfaces are light-medium green and hairy, especially along the undersides of major veins. The petioles of alternate leaves are up to 1½" long, becoming shorter as they ascend the stems; the uppermost leaves are often sessile, or nearly so. The petioles are pubescent to hairy.
The upper stems terminate in solitary flowerheads on long peduncles. The peduncles are up to 8" long, light green, terete, and hairy. The daisy-like flowerheads are 2–3½" across, consisting of 10-20 ray florets that surround numerous disk florets. The central disks of the flowerheads are hemispheric in shape; they are fragrant after being crushed. The petaloid rays are bright yellow, narrowly oblong, and slightly notched at their tips; they are widely spreading. The corollas of the disk florets are narrowly tubular in shape and dark reddish purple (at least above). The ray florets are infertile, while the disk florets are fertile. Around the base of each flowerhead, there are many overlapping phyllaries (floral bracts). Individual phyllaries are up to ½" long, light-medium green, linear-lanceolate in shape, and pubescent. The blooming period occurs during mid- to late summer, lasting about 1–1½ months. Afterwards, fertile disk florets are replaced by narrow achenes. These achenes are 2-3 mm. long, dark-colored, and narrow in shape; their apices are truncate, sometimes with minute scales. The root system is fibrous and rhizomatous.
Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, moist to mesic conditions, and soil consisting of loam or sandy loam. This plant is relatively easy to cultivate, although it may topple over if it is spoiled by too much water or fertilizer. Range & Habitat: Sweet Coneflower is occasional in most areas of Illinois, where it is native. It tends to be more common in central and northern Illinois than in the southern section of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include black soil prairies, sand prairies, cemetery prairies, typical savannas and sandy savannas, thickets, openings in deciduous woodlands, woodland borders, gravelly seeps, banks of streams, and banks of ditches. This plant is often cultivated in flower gardens, from where it occasionally escapes. Sweet Coneflower is usually found in higher quality natural areas, although it also colonizes disturbed areas. Fidelity to any particular habitat is low.
Faunal Associations: Many kinds of insects visit the flowerheads for either nectar or pollen. These species include little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), Epeoline cuckoo bees, digger bees (Melissodes spp., Svastra spp.), leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.), Halictid bees, dagger bees (Heterosarus spp.), Sphecid wasps, Vespid wasps, Syrphid flies, bee flies (Bombyliidae), Tachinid flies, small- to medium-sized butterflies, skippers, beetles, and true bugs (Robertson, 1929). Among these species, bees are the most important pollinators. One bee species, Heterosarus rudbeckiae, is an oligolege (specialist pollinator) of Rudbeckia spp. Other insects feed destructively on the foliage, flowerheads, and roots of Sweet Coneflower and other Rudbeckia spp. They include larvae of a leaf-mining fly (Calycomyza frickiana), Asphondylia rudbeckiaeconspicua (Coneflower Gall Midge), Neolasioptera rudbeckiae (Coneflower Stem Midge), larvae of another gall fly (Lestodiplosis rudbeckiae), larvae of a sawfly (Macrophya simillima), and a few aphids (Uroleucon leonardi, Uroleucon rudbeckiae); see Spencer & Steyskal (1986), Felt (1917), Smith (2006), and Blackman & Eastop (2013). The caterpillars of a butterfly, Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot), sometimes feed on Rudbeckia spp. as host plants, as do the caterpillars of such moths as Epiblema carolinana (Gray-blotched Epiblema), Epiblema tandana, Epiblema tripartitana, Eupithecia miserulata (Common Pug), and Synchlora aerata (Wavy-lined Emerald); see Opler & Krizek (1984), Miller (1987), and Wagner (2005). Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at a prairie garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: Sweet Coneflower (Rudbeckia subtomentosa) is also called Fragrant Coneflower. It is more long-lived than two similar species, Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) and Brown-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia triloba). Compared to the Black-eyed Susan, Sweet Coneflower is a taller plant with many deeply lobed leaves. The leaves of Black-eyed Susan lack lobes. Compared to Brown-eyed Susan, the flowerheads of Sweet Coneflower are larger in size with longer and more abundant petaloid rays. Otherwise they are quite similar to each other in appearance. Another species, Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida), also lacks lobes on its leaves and it is a shorter plant. All of these species are native to Illinois and they sometimes share the same habitats.
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
很多花友每天都墨守成规的管理着自己的植物，施肥、浇水、防虫害、修剪等等，但是养出来的效果却并不另人满意，今天小编来给你支招，新奇又见效，甚至还可以在其它花友面前吹嘘一翻。
肥肉养花 有些植物有着我们意想不到的奇怪嗜好，就比如说，对于昙花来说，肥肉是很好的养分来源，尤其在昙花生长期内，“喂”它一些肥肉，可以让植物叶绿泛光，而且花开不断。 将肥肉用开水浸泡两三个小时，直到其中的盐分去除完毕，而后将肥肉切成小块，埋在昙花的土壤内部，表面覆盖上3厘米左右的土即可。 注意一定要讲肥肉煮熟切碎，一般20厘米直径的昙花放入两小块肥肉就行，可供其使用一年之久。 碎砖瓦养花 很多人养花的时候都在盆内的土壤这一块下了很多功夫，又是翻新旧土，又是寻找土壤配比。其实，远不如两块碎砖瓦来的实用。 在花盆底部放一些碎砖瓦，既能透气排水，还可以保湿保肥，效果显著。 将碎砖瓦敲成直径不超过0.5厘米的小碎块，养花的时候将较大的碎块放进花盆底部，较小的颗粒和土壤混合起来使用，可以让花卉根系发达，花期延长。
黄瓜插条 有没有花友会遇到这个问题，当身处离家几千里之外的地方之时，看见一株漂亮的花卉想要带上一支插条回去扦插的时候，保湿保鲜就是一个难题了。 装在塑料袋中虽然能够保湿，但却容易造成插条腐烂，着实令人头疼。其实，只需要几条新鲜的黄瓜，就能解决这个问题了。 将插条插到黄瓜中，如此一来，既能够保持插条内部的水分，黄瓜内部还含有一种杀菌成分，防止插条腐烂。使用这种方法，不管离家多远，都能安全将插条带回。 白酒促花 使用白酒浇花，可以缓解君子兰僵苗的问题，促进其更快达到花期。酒一定要使用白酒，不论品牌和度数，一般来说建议在清明之后深秋之前使用，效果更好。 这种方法很安全，不必担心君子兰会烧根，每半个月在花盆中倒入三分之一杯的白酒即可，倒酒的时候要小心，不要溅到君子兰的茎叶上。 如果担心这种方法不安全，可以先少量使用，看看效果。注意不要在别的植物上使用这种方法，以免烧苗。 鹌鹑蛋施肥 如果想要养好花，又不想辛苦施肥，一颗小小的鹌鹑蛋就能帮你解决这个难题了。可以用牙签在鹌鹑蛋上刺一个小孔，然后将其小孔朝下埋到花盆内部即可。 鹌鹑蛋内的蛋液在土壤中通过微生物的作用不断分解腐败，转化为肥料为花卉植物提供营养成分，促进花卉生长。一盆花卉里埋进一颗鹌鹑蛋即可。 蛋液腐熟的过程是在蛋壳内部进行的，对根系不会造成影响，此外，蛋壳分解之后也会转化成为钙肥。 香油防蚁 蚂蚁可以说是危害花卉健康生长的一大害，为了驱赶蚂蚁，很多花友使尽了浑身解数，却还是无济于事。其实，家中常备的芝麻香油，就是蚂蚁类害虫的天敌。 在花盆的小孔部位涂抹上香油，或是在花卉附近的蚁穴洞口滴上几滴香油，就能起到很好的驱赶蚂蚁的效果。 虽然芝麻香油这种物质看起来很是可口，似乎对蚂蚁造不成杀伤力，但香油确实是蚂蚁的克星，只要有它在，就再也不用怕蚂蚁的侵扰了。
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
相信养花的朋友都遇到过盆土结块的问题，但是最近的天气又不适合换盆，但长时间如此会让植物烂根、黄叶等，那么该怎么办呢？
土壤板结的表现 如果你的花盆土表面出现裂纹，花土和花盆边缘出现缝隙，浇水半天浇不透，那就说明你的花土已经板结了。 如果植物长期生活在结块的土壤里，不仅根系呼吸不畅，还会耽误吸收养分。久而久之就会出现发黄、掉叶、萎蔫、烂根等现象，对植物生长危害极大！ 土壤板结了怎么办？ 一、盆面撒点干肥 1、准备一些豆饼或花生饼，碾成粉末。这两种饼是榨油剩下的渣子，在菜市场油坊就能买到，价格便宜。 2、用小耙子或者木棍轻划松表面1cm的盆土，让土壤表层变得稍微松软一些。 3、把碾成粉的干肥撒到花土表面，不要撒太多。只撒薄薄的一层就可以，要能隐约看见土壤表面，注意避开根系。 4、撒完肥后，浇一遍水，要浇透，这样肥粉更容易渗透到土中。 5、肥粉在发酵的时候会带动花土发酵，大概20天左右，盆土开始变松软，而且会变得更加肥沃。但这个方法不能频繁用，两个月用一次就可以了。 小贴士： 1、因为撒完肥粉要浇水，所以在此之前要给花控水，避免浇多了积水烂根。 2、撒肥粉的时候不要贪多，不然会烧伤植物，得不偿失。
二、沙柱法 1、准备几根粗吸管，一些颗粒比较大的粗河沙。 2、在盆土边用吸管戳几个洞，然后把吸管插进土里，最好插到花盆底部。 3、把吸管旁边的土压实，再往吸管里倒进粗砂，然后把吸管拔出来，花盆里就形成了许多沙柱。浇水的时候，水会通过沙柱均匀地渗透到花土里。促进根系透气。 怎么预防土壤板结？ 上面的方法适合在不方便换盆的时候使用，如果大家在平时养花的时候学会以下几个技巧，就能预防土壤发生板结！ 1、盆面铺点蚯蚓粪 蚯蚓粪是非常优质的有机肥，在盆土表面铺一层蚯蚓粪，不仅能给花土提供充足养分，而且土壤一年都不会板结！ 2、不直接使用自来水 自来水的水质比较硬，浇花前最好放太阳底下晒1~2天，再加一滴食醋，这样能防止土壤偏碱、板结。 3、盆底垫点花生壳 在换盆的时候，在盆底垫3~5厘米的花生壳、松针、陶粒等透气的东西，可以让土疏松透气，两年不换盆也不会板结。 4、少用化肥 长时间使用化肥会使土壤板结，因此平时要多用发酵过的有机肥，每个月浇1次发酵的淘米水，也能预防土壤板结！
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文章
Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
相信很多友友在养殖多肉时都会遇到多肉歪头的情况，尤其是一些多肉老桩特别容易歪头出现这个问题的原因有两点，一是现在的配土通在讲究疏松透气又要经济实惠的情况下，一般都比较轻（珍珠岩啊，泥炭啊，运费啊），所以压不住肉，另一个原因就是上面所说的个别多头头重脚轻真的很难站稳。
解决这办法的方法可以选择在配土上用比较重的颗粒土（譬如赤玉土、煤渣）替换比较轻的珍珠岩，但也不一定能够让多肉植物站得稳。 或者将多肉埋得比较深一点，但埋得深一点，往往就意味着，在某个闷热潮湿的日子里，出问题的可能性会大一点（埋入土里的茎干部位烂掉）。 春季风较大，黑法师就很容易出现站不稳的情况，泡沫一端架着黑法师一端架着花盆的壁沿，等过段时间黑法师根系长好了，也站稳了。 桃美人根系还没长好的情况下，头重脚轻很容易歪倒，四面架着，再也不怕她倒了，但是夏天的时候要慎重，围太密也会造成通风不良的。
除了泡沫，身边一些小东西其实也可以治疗歪头的小毛病，但… 还是泡沫实用啊！ 其实解决这个问题有个虽然不是很好看但是很实用的办法，那就是用个东西撑住，一端撑住要倒下的多肉，一端撑在花盆的盆沿或者其他什么比较固定的东西，极端情况下甚至可以四周都围绕住，等上半个月一个月多肉根系长好了，拿掉支撑物，多肉也可以站得稳稳的。最好用的这个东西，就是泡沫，长短大小很容易控制。
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Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
种植过多肉植物的朋友们都知道，肉肉冬天是在休眠的，春天才是它们疯狂生长、枝繁叶茂的季节，也是姿态最美的时候。如果您的肉肉精心栽培了一段时间，需要换盆换土、施肥杀菌，春天都是最适宜的时候。下面小编来告诉您，春天需要为您的肉肉做些什么？
一、春季多肉植物管理之换盆 换盆由于多肉植物在人工栽培的条件下，根系被局限于花盆中，很难自由伸展，经过一段时间的生长，根系充满整个花盆，不利于排水透气。而且花盆中所盛的土壤有限，在经过根系不断吸收和一次次浇水冲淋后，养分流失殆尽，培养土也由原来的团粒状变成粉末状。另外，根系在不断吸收养分的过程中，也不断排泄酸性代谢物，使土壤酸化，这些很不利于植物的生长。 因此当植物生长到一定阶段后就必须翻盆换土。根据品种的不同和植株的大小，每1～2年或3年换一次(有些品种的小苗甚至可一年移栽数次，即所谓的“动一动，大一大”)。对于大多数“夏型种”和“中间型”多肉植物。一般在3月中下旬进行换盆，并结合换盆进行分株繁殖。
二、春季多肉植物管理之浇水 浇水本月对于正在生长的景天科的青锁龙、玉椿、雪莲、东云等“冬型种”和芦荟科的卧牛之类的“中间型”多肉植物，应保持盆土湿润而不积水，也不能过于干燥。龙舌兰科的怒雷神锦、赤牙龙锦、辉山，仙人掌科的金琥、白檀、鸾凤玉，夹竹桃科的鸡蛋花等“夏型种”可适当浇些水，但不要过量。如果遇到阴雨天或温度突然降低，则要停止浇水。番杏科的生石花属、肉锥花属多肉植物处于蜕皮期，则要控制浇水，甚至可以完全断水，即便是浇水，也不要将水浇到植株上，以免造成腐烂。 需要指出的是，大多数人都认为多肉植物生长在干旱少雨的沙漠地带，非常耐旱，栽培中不需要浇太多水。的确，由于生长环境的因素，大部分种类的多肉植物非常耐旱，但耐旱并不等于喜欢干旱。 对于大部分种的多肉植物，在生长期还是需要水分的，如果长期干旱，植株虽然不会死亡，但生长缓慢，甚至停滞，其叶子变薄，色彩黯淡，缺乏生机，影响观赏，有些植物一旦僵化，很难恢复，严重时甚至造成植物死亡。因此，生长期一定要给予充足的水分，以使植株正常生长，但千万不要积水，否则很容易造成植物烂根死亡，“不干不浇，浇则浇透”的原则，适用于大多数常见种类的多肉植物。 休眠期也要严格控制浇水，不少人栽培多肉植物失败的原因都是“手痒”，控制不住自己的手，在休眠期浇水不当而导致植株烂掉，因此在休眠期一定要管住自己的手，切莫盲目浇水。 三、春季多肉植物管理之施肥 施肥大部分种类的“冬型种”和“中间型”多肉植物，可根据品种的不同和生长情况，每20天左右施一次腐熟的稀薄液肥或复合肥。施肥时间可在天气晴朗的上午，并注意肥液不要溅到植株上。“夏型种”多肉植物则不必施肥。 此外，本月对于“中间型”的多肉植物还可进行扦插繁殖。如果温度合适，也可在室内播种繁殖。
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文章
Miss Chen
2018年04月04日
Miss Chen
养花圈都流行着这样一句花谚：“过冬容易度春难”。在平时的养花过程中，盆花如何越冬，花友们都会非常注意。但如何度春，却未能引起花友们的足够重视。所以才有了不少花友们这样感慨：盆花冬天花红叶绿，春天却叶黄花落，甚至死亡！出春养花，千万不要因为这几点，害死了你的爱花。
一、避寒风 现在的风还是比较凉，如果不注意避风，花也就有可能萎蔫，没精神。所以通风时间最好选在比较温暖的中午或者下午。如果花吹了寒风，要注意少浇水，不要暴晒。把花放在温暖一点的地方缓一缓，等恢复之后再正常的养护。 二、按时换盆 按时换盆也是很重要的一步，如果几年不换一次，你就会发现花长得越来越慢，花也越开越少！每年的春秋季，都比较适合换盆。成年大花可以1~2年换一次，幼苗可以一年换2次。按时换盆才能给花充足的生长空间！
三、薄肥勤施 春天是花草开始生长的时候，很多心急的朋友一开春就开始施肥，而且施肥量大，这样很可能起反作用，引起烧根，烂叶等肥害现象。初春是施肥的好季节，但是要薄肥勤施，等到新叶子长得健壮了，再逐渐加大施肥量，给花适应的时间很重要。 四、及时修剪 很多花友不舍得修剪，可这样却只会让你的花越来越没型，越长越丑，甚至开花也会减少很多。在初春的时候，要进行修剪，把一些徒长的枝条，和比较弱的枝条都剪掉，这样株型才会越来越好看。 五、避免温差过大 现在很多地区早晚的温差很大，白天热，一早一晚又比较冷。这种大温差很容易引起花卉的掉叶、掉苞。初春的时候，可以把花放在阳台和室内交界的位置，不要急于搬出室外，等到气温稳定回升了再搬出去。
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