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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial wildflower is 2-5' tall; it has an erect central stem and often develops short side stems in the upper half. The central stem is terete, light green to purple (usually the latter), glabrous, and glaucous. The alternate leaves are up to 8" long and 6" across (excluding the petioles), becoming gradually smaller as they ascend the stems. The leaves are variable in shape; they are usually 3-5 lobed and less often deltate or ovate. The margins of these leaves are dentate, undulate, or smooth. The upper surface of each leaf is medium to dark green and glabrous. The winged petioles are as long as their leaf blades or shorter. Both the stems and leaves contain a milky white latex. The central stem and upper stems (if any) terminate in panicles of flowerheads up to 2' long and 1' across. Each panicle has a central stalk that divides at its apex into 2-4 spreading branches; there may be some lower branches below. From each branch, several flowerheads droop downward from very short branchlets and peduncles. The light green to purple branches, branchlets, and peduncles of each panicle are glabrous. Each flowerhead is about ¾" long and ½" across. The cylindrical base of each flowerhead has 8 primary bracts (phyllaries) that are linear in shape, pale greenish purple to purple, and glabrous. There are also several secondary bracts at the very bottom of the flowerhead that are much shorter than the primary bracts. The upper flowerhead has 8-14 outer ray florets and no disk florets; the petaloid rays of these florets spread outward widely when the flowerhead is in bloom. These petaloid rays are pale purple, lavender, or white; they are linear in shape with minutely toothed truncate tips. The blooming period occurs from late summer into the fall. A pleasant floral fragrance is sometimes present. The florets are replaced by small oblongoid achenes with tufts of cinnamon-brown hair at their apices; the achenes are distributed by the wind. The root system is fleshy. Cultivation: Preferred growing conditions consist of light shade to dappled sunlight, average levels of moisture, and a fertile loamy soil. Soil that is sandy or rocky is also tolerated. The size of individual plants is strongly influenced by moisture amounts, light levels, and soil fertility. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native White Lettuce is occasional in the northern half of Illinois, but it is rare or absent elsewhere within the state (see Distribution Map). This species is more common in areas that lie north and east of the state. Habitats include rich mesic woodlands, sandy woodlands, stabilized sand dunes with scattered trees, bluffs, wooded slopes, rocky ravines and cliff bases in wooded areas, and woodland borders. White Lettuce can be found in oak, maple-basswood, and other deciduous woodlands. Faunal Associations: The flowerheads are cross-pollinated by bumblebees, which seek nectar. The following aphids have been observed on White Lettuce: Hyperomyzus nabali, Uroleucon ambrosiae, and Uroleucon chrysanthemi. Even though the foliage of this species has a bitter taste, it is sometimes browsed by White-Tailed Deer. Photographic Location: A stabilized sand dune at Indiana Dunes State Park near Lake Michigan. [图片]Comments: White Lettuce is one of five Prenanthes spp. in Illinois; two of these species occur in prairies, while the other three species occur in woodlands. The prairie species in this genus have narrow spikes of flowerheads and lanceolate leaves. The woodland species in this genus have spreading panicles of flowerheads and their leaves are often lobed (particularly the lower ones). White Lettuce can be distinguished from the other woodland species in Illinois by its primary bracts (phyllaries): Each flowerhead has 8 primary bracts that are pale purple-green and hairless. In contrast, each flowerhead of Prenanthes altissima (Tall White Lettuce) has 5 primary bracts that are light green and hairless, while the flowerhead of Prenanthes crepidinea (Great White Lettuce) has 12-15 primary bracts that are light green and hairy. These species also differ in the number of outer ray florets per flowerhead. Other common names of Prenanthes alba are Lion's Foot and Rattlesnake Root.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous plant is about 1½–4½' tall, branching occasionally. It is a biennial or short-lived perennial. The erect to ascending stems are light green to dull reddish brown, terete, and densely covered with long hairs. The alternate or opposite leaves are up to 12" long and 8" across, becoming gradually smaller as they ascend the stems. They have pubescent petioles up to 4" long that are grooved above and convex below. The lower to middle leaves are pinnately lobed and somewhat dentate or undulate along their margins; they usually have 5-7 major lobes with pointed tips. The upper leaves have pairs of basal lobes or they lack lobes; they are ovate, broadly hastate, or sometimes another shape. The upper leaf surface is dull medium green; it is usually hairless for older leaves and appressed-hairy for younger leaves. The lower leaf surface is pale green and pubescent primarily along the major veins. At the bases of petioles, there are pairs of large green stipules. These stipules are connate (merged together) and their margins are coarsely dentate. Small cymes of several flowerheads develop from the upper stems and the axils of upper leaves. The branches of these cymes are green and pubescent. Sometimes there are 1-2 small linear bracts where the branches diverge, and sometimes they are found underneath the flowerheads. These bracts are green, pubescent, and about 8 mm. (1/3") in length. Each flowerhead is about ½" across, consisting of several disk florets in the center and 5-8 ray florets around its circumference. [图片]The small disk florets have cream-colored tubular corollas with 5 lobes; they are staminate. The petaloid rays of the flowerheads are white, obovate, short, and 3-lobed; sometimes they are absent. Only the ray florets produce achenes. Surrounding the base of each flowerhead, there are 5 floral bracts (phyllaries) that are light green, pubescent, and lanceolate in shape; they become recurved when the flowerheads bloom. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer into the fall, lasting about 2 months. Only a few flowerheads are in bloom at the same time. Somewhat later, the flowerheads turn brown and their ray florets are replaced by obovoid achenes that are 3-angled, dark brown, and 3-4 mm. in length. These achenes lack tufts of hair. The root system is fibrous, although a poorly developed taproot is sometimes present. [图片]Cultivation: This species is typically found in light to medium shade, moist to slightly dry conditions, and loamy to slightly rocky soil with abundant organic matter. The size of individual plants is variable, depending on moisture conditions and soil fertility. In the flower garden, this species may be short-lived. Range & Habitat: Leaf-Cup (Polymnia canadensis) is uncommon to occasional throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map), where it is native. Habitats include rich deciduous woodlands, upland rocky woodlands, bases of bluffs, shaded moist ravines, wooded slopes, shaded areas along streams, and edges of limestone or sandstone glades. This wildflower is associated with oak-hickory, maple-linden, and maple-beech woodlands; it is usually found in higher quality woodlands where the original ground flora is still intact. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract honeybees, bumblebees, and miscellaneous flies (Sharp, 2002). Small bees probably visit the flowerheads in some areas as well. Ants feed on nectar from the disk florets of the flowerheads, but they are ineffective at cross-pollination (personal observation). Other insects suck plant juices or feed on the leaves of Leaf-Cup (Polymnia canadensis). These species include several plant bugs (Macrolophus spp., Dicyphus gracilentus, Plagiognathus albifascies), the aphids Uroleucon zinzalae and Capitophorus hippophaes, and the leaf beetle Sumitrosis inaequalis. The larvae of this latter species are leaf-miners. Several species in the Orthoptera feed destructively on the flowerheads (Gangwere, 1961); they include Neoxabea bipunctata (Two-spotted Tree Cricket), Oecanthus niveus (Narrow-winged Tree Cricket), Scudderia furcata (Fork-tailed Bush Katydid), and Anaxipha exigua (Say's Trig). The relationships of Leaf-Cup to vertebrate animals is currently unavailable. [图片]Photographic Location: A deciduous woodland at the Portland Arch Conservation Area in west-central Indiana. Comments: This woodland wildflower is a medium-large leafy plant. However, Leaf-Cup isn't very well known among members of the public because its small flowerheads are not very showy. These flowerheads are somewhat similar in appearance to those of a weedy introduced plant, Galinsoga quadriradiata (Peruvian Daisy). However, this latter species is a much smaller plant of open areas. The closest relative of Leaf-Cup is Smallanthus uvedalius (Bear's Foot), which has larger yellow flowerheads and palmately lobed leaves. This latter species can become up to 8' tall. In Illinois, it is restricted to the southern part of the state.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous plant is 1-2½' tall with an ascending leafy stem that is unbranched. The central stem is light to medium green, slightly zigzag, and glabrous to short-pubescent. Alternate leaves occur along this stem that are 2-5" long and 1-2½" long; they are broadly elliptic in shape, smooth (entire) along their margins, and sessile. The upper leaf surface is medium to dark green and glabrous, while the lower leaf surface is pale to medium green and finely short-hairy along the major veins (a 10x hand lens may be required to see this). Leaf venation is parallel with 3-7 prominent veins. Flowers are produced individually or in groups of 2-3 from the axils of most leaves; they are suspended below the leaves on short peduncles and pedicels. Each flower is 8-14 mm. in length and narrowly cylindrical in shape, consisting of 6 pale greenish yellow to greenish white tepals, 6 inserted stamens, and a 3-celled ovary with a single style. Around the outer rim of each flower, there are 6 straight to slightly recurved lobes about 2-3 mm. in length. The filaments of the stamens are minutely warty and terete. The peduncles and pedicels are light green, slender, and glabrous; they are about ¼-½" in length during the blooming period, but become about ½-1" in length when berries are produced. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late spring, lasting about 3 weeks. During the summer, the flowers are replaced by berries. At maturity, these berries are dark blue-violet to black, globoid in shape, and often glaucous; they are 6-9 mm. across. The interior of these berries is fleshy with several seeds. Individual seeds are 1.5-3.0 mm. long, globoid in shape, and either tan or straw-colored. The root system has knotty rhizomes up to ½" thick. Small clonal colonies are often produced from these rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun to medium shade, moist conditions, and soil containing either loam or sandy loam with decaying organic matter. Most growth and development occurs during the cool weather of spring. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Hairy Solomon's Seal is rare in northern Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is absent (Distribution Map). It is state-listed as 'endangered.' Illinois lies along the southern range limit of this species (excluding mountainous areas in the Appalachians). Habitats include moist to mesic woodlands, sandy woodlands, and lower slopes of forested sand dunes near Lake Michigan. In Illinois, Hairy Solomon's Seal is found in higher quality natural areas. Faunal Associations: The flowers attract the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, honeybees, bumblebees, and probably other bees. These floral visitors feed primarily on the nectar, although some of the bees also collect pollen for their larvae. A small number of insects feed destructively on the foliage and plant juices of Polygonatum spp. (Solomon's Seal species). These insects include the aphids Catamergus kickapoo and Macrosiphum gei, the thrips Ctenothrips bridwelli, and caterpillars of the moth Clepsis melaleucana (Black-Patched Clepsis). The berries are probably eaten by such woodland birds as the Ruffed Grouse, various thrushes, and the Veery. These birds spread the seeds to new areas. White-tailed Deer occasionally graze on the foliage of Solomon's Seal species. [图片]Photographic Location: A moist sandy woodland at the Indiana Dunes State Park in NW Indiana. Comments: This species can be easily confused with the more common Polygonatum commutatum (Smooth Solomon's Seal). Hairy Solomon's Seal tends to be a smaller plant that produces fewer flowers and berries underneath its leaves (usually only 1-2 flowers or berries per leaf). It also has a tendency to bloom a little earlier in the year than the latter plant. However, the most distinctive characteristics of Hairy Solomon's Seal are 1) the short fine hairs along the veins of its leaf undersides, and 2) the warty filaments of its flowers.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is about 2-3½' tall and unbranched. The central stem is glabrous, glaucous, and terete (circular) in circumference; it leans over to one side. The alternate leaves are up to 6" long and 3½" across; they are spaced fairly close together along the stem. These leaves are pale green, elliptic to ovate in shape, smooth (entire) along their margins, and glabrous; they have parallel veins and clasp the stem. From the axils of the middle and upper leaves, there are nodding umbels of 2-5 flowers (rarely more than this). A typical plant will have 12-20 of these umbels, which hang below the leaves. The peduncles (about 1¼" in length) and pedicels (about ½" in length) of the umbels are slender, green, and glabrous. The flowers are about ½-¾" (13-18 mm.) in length. Each flower has a narrow tubular corolla that is whitish green or pale yellowish green. Along the outer rim of this corolla, there are 6 small lobes that are slightly recurved. Within the interior of the corolla, there is a pistil with a single style and 6 stamens. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer, lasting about 3 weeks. Each flower is replaced by a globoid berry that is about 8-10 mm. across at maturity. The berries are initially green, but they eventually become dark blue-violet. The root system produces rhizomes that are rather stout and knobby; on the upper surface of these rhizomes, there are circular scars. This plant often forms clonal colonies. Cultivation: This plant prefers light shade to partial sun, mesic levels of moisture, and fertile loamy soil. It is fairly rugged and tolerates less than ideal conditions. The foliage persists all summer and it is rarely bothered by disease. Range & Habitat: The native Solomon's Seal is a common plant that occurs in every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to slightly dry deciduous woodlands, lower wooded slopes, edges of shady seeps, young flatwoods, woodland borders, and fence rows that are overgrown with shrubs or trees. Less often, Solomon's Seal may occur in meadows near woodlands and open prairies, especially cemetery prairies. Solomon's Seal occurs in both high quality and degraded woodlands. [图片]Faunal Associations: The nectar and pollen of the flowers attract various bees, including bumblebees, Anthophorid bees (Anthophora spp.), and Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp.). The Ruby-Throated Hummingbird also feeds on nectar from the flowers. Other insects feed destructively on the foliage and other parts of Solomon's Seal. These species include the aphid, Catamergus kickapoo, which sucks sap from the leaf undersides; adults of a thrips, Ctenothrips bridwelli, which are found on the foliage; leaf-rolling larvae of the moth, Clepsis melaleucana (Black-Patched Clepsis), which feed on foliage or flowers; and larvae of the sawflies, Phymatocera racemosa and Phymatocera smilacinae, which feed on the foliage. The berries are eaten by the Greater Prairie Chicken and various woodland birds. White-Tailed Deer are quite fond of the foliage and will chomp off the tops of plants to about 6" above the ground. Photographic Location: Along a shady fence row near the webmaster's apartment complex in Urbana, Illinois, and a shaded wildflower garden at the University of Illinois in the same city. [图片]Comments: The foliage of Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum commutatum) is attractive, while the flowers aren't very showy. Other Polygonatum spp. in Illinois have a similar appearance, but they are far less common. One species, Polygonatum pubescens (Pubescent Solomon's Seal) is pubescent on the undersides of its leaves (particularly along the veins), while the undersides of the leaves of Solomon's Seal are hairless. Another species, Polygonatum biflorum (Small Solomon's Seal), is slightly smaller in size with sessile leaves, while the leaves of Solomon's Seal clasp the central stem. There is an uncommon polyploid variant of Solomon's Seal that produces leafy stems about 3½-6' tall (or long) and its umbels often have more than 5 flowers. This variant is sometimes referred to as Giant Solomon's Seal. It prefers moist wooded areas, such as floodplain woodlands. Another group of plants with similar foliage, Smilacina spp. (False Solomon's Seal species), produce terminal panicles of flowers, while Polygonatum spp. (Solomon's Seal species) produce non-terminal umbels of flowers from the axils of their leaves.
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
大花蕙兰是世界上最为常见的洋兰种类，是以附生性强的大花种问杂交而获得的人工杂交种。因其与蕙兰较相似，而且花朵大而得名。大花蕙兰花茎挺拔，花朵硕大，形态端庄，气势壮观，是世界上栽培最为普及的高档洋兰之一，备受人们青睐，在国际和国内兰花市场上享有很高的声誉。 [图片]一、病害：主要有疫病、软腐病、根腐病、炭疽病、叶枯病、毒素病等。 （一）、疫病： 疫病由于发生的部位不同和产生的病症不同，被分为黑腐病、心腐病、茎腐病、猝倒病等，在厦门地区一年四季均会发生。在温室栽培温度高、浇水过多、通气不良的情况下，叶梢中有大量水分，时间一长，最容易引发此病。每年的6-8月是发病的高峰期。从幼苗到开花株都能受害，特别是聚盘苗期和新生芽、心叶最容易受害。它是由两种密切相关的真菌?恶疫霉（PhytoPhthoracactoum）和终极腐霉（Pythiumwltmum）所引起。恶疫霉易引起根腐、猝倒、根颈腐烂，而终极腐霉也易引起植株的根腐和猝倒病。这些病一旦发生如不及时处理，则很快传染到根系、球茎，所以是大花蕙兰的可怕的毁灭病害，其传染途径系由孢子通过浇水时飞溅的水珠传播、扩散。 防治方法： 1、环境控制：兰棚要通风透气，光线要充足。发病时要严格控水，及时去除有病的病叶、病株，同时要避免由上而下喷水。 2、一旦发现染病植株，立即去除有病的组织，同时多切去未受感染的组织1寸左右，如受害严重的则整株去除。 3、剪刀等用具要严格消毒。 4、药剂处理：可用80％锌锰乃浦500倍溶液喷施。也可用1：2000的8一羟基喹啉硫酸盐喷洒，或将病株在邻苯基酚钠溶液中浸1小时，必要时可3至7天内进行重复处理。 （二）、软腐病： 软腐病通常侵害大花蕙兰的叶片、芽、球茎，一年中从春季到秋季都可能发生，冬天较少发现，有时常与疫病同时并发，但不太严重。它是由一种称为Erwiniachrysanthem的细菌引起的，其寄主范围很广，在兰科植物中都可以为害。其侵入途径主要是通过伤口或自然气孔。在高温多湿的兰棚，此病蔓延极快。在100％相对湿度、温度30℃时，采用人工接种后经过三小时之久，即完成入侵过程。其病症表现与疫病有些类似，使初养兰者很难判别。因这两种病在性质上不一样，用药也不同。在田间上我们的判别主要是根据拔出腐烂的病部进行观察：疫病的腐烂组织无汁液或少汁液，无鱼腥味的恶臭，把汁液挤一滴在一杯清水中，没有发现云雾状混浊物的扩散；而软腐病的病部表皮里的细胞都被分解成水液状液汁，内含有无数白色菌泥，汁液很多；轻轻一碰，汁液就流出来，同时有鱼腥味的恶臭，把汁液滴一滴在清水杯中，则可见有云雾状混浊物向四周扩散。 防治方法： l、环境控制与病株处理：同上第（一）条，特别注意勿使菌泥的汁液污染健康植株。 2、药剂处理：一般的农药对软腐病无效，所以一旦发病只好抛弃病株。因此主要是采取预防措施，用40％钢快得宁400倍液喷洒效果不错。也可以用68.8％多保链微素或18.8％链微素1000倍液，每隔7至10天喷洒1次，连续3至4次。这几种药品可采取轮流交交换使用，以免植株产生抗药性。 （三）、根腐病： 根腐病属于真菌病害；分布很广，除兰花外，其他植物也会受害；它是一种立枯丝菌RhizoctoniaSolaniKuehn引起的根腐烂。这也是大花蕙兰毁灭性病害之一。在大花蕙兰植株的任何生育期，不论是聚苗盆中的幼苗、中苗、大苗以及老熟的开花株都容易感染。其侵染的途径一般是由病苗的菌丝和菌核侵染兰花幼苗的根和根状茎造成的，如果不加控制，腐烂可发展到茎及较低部位的叶片。在侵染发展过程中，会形成一圈褐腐区，环绕植株基部引起幼苗死亡。成株受到侵害时，会逐渐衰弱。一般情况下腐烂只局限于根部，引起根部死亡；但有时腐烂也会扩大入侵到假鳞茎。使得根腐病的植株生长衰退，叶片和假鳞茎均发黄、瘦弱、扭曲、萎缩最终死亡。 防治方法： 1.环境控制与病株处理同上第（一）条。 2.药剂防治：?用苯来特1汤匙配水4千克浸根或浇施，效果不错。 [图片]（四）炭疽病： 炭疽病危害大花蕙兰的叶片；假鳞茎以及花萼、花瓣。它属于一种真菌的无性世代，一般是弱寄生性，往往发生在管理粗放的兰棚。兰株受伤害；如寒害、农药害、太阳灼伤以及氮肥施量过多、植料过酸或种植太密、通风不良、水分失调等造成根系不发达的弱株都容易受害。当病菌侵染兰花的叶片或假鳞茎时，首先看到的症状是出现褐色或黄绿色的长形不规则的污斑，稍凹陷，边缘清晰，成熟时，病斑上通常出现同心环纹，并在环斑上产生分生孢子。在受病组织与健全组织之间有明显分界线，后期病斑慢慢连接成片，覆盖面积逐渐增大，凹陷成坏死疽斑。 防治方法： 1.环境控制与病株处理同上第（一）条，种植密度要根据生长程度不同而改变，植料过酸要及时调配，pH值在5.8至6.6。 2.药剂防治：可用大富丹500倍溶液或大生45，500倍液喷洒，也可以用代森锰锌1000倍液喷洒，每周一次，连续三次。 （五）、叶枯病： 叶枯病是一种真菌病，发生在大花蕙兰叶尖附近或叶片的前端。初始产生黑色的小斑点，斑点渐渐扩大而成为不规则的病斑，病斑周缘形成黑褐色，中间成淡灰色，并有小黑点，严重时可蔓延整个叶面，最后枯死脱落。 防治方法：同上第（四）条 （六）、煤烟病： 煤烟病又称为煤污病，一般发生在粗放管理的兰棚，由于不通风人、光线不足兰株易受蚜虫、粉虱、介壳虫类等昆虫危害。这些昆虫在兰株上分泌一种蜜露沉积物，而煤烟病的真菌则附生在蜜露沉积物之上。它的症状常常在叶片的两面和假鳞茎上覆盖一层煤灰色的真菌，这种真菌对植株危害很小，因为它只是附生在表皮，可以与叶片、鳞茎分离，但由于这种病菌的覆盖会影响兰株的光合作用，同时也有碍观赏，降低兰花优美姿态，使兰花质量大降 防治方法： 1.环境控制同上第（一）条可用湿布擦拭病株发病部位，把表皮上附生的一层病菌去掉，叶片则恢复原状。 2.药剂防治：要防煤污病，首先必须控制和消灭蚜虫、粉虱和介壳虫类的发生，这些昆虫不存在，煤烟病也自然的不存在了。 （七）、毒素病： 大花蕙兰的毒素病也称为病毒病，是世界上发生最普遍的兰花病毒。由于病原体体积非常细小，在一般显微镜下无法看到，必须在电子显微镜下放大数万倍后，肉眼才能看到其形状其发病的症状，最常见的是植株的叶片和花朵灰绿并出现黄色的斑驳，最后成褐色凹陷的病斑，使植株叶片成为花叶，发育不良或开花不正常，一般发生在老茎分生苗的植株上。其传染途径往往是由于工具、分株和口吸式昆虫接触传染，以目前的水平尚无法治疗，一旦发现可疑的植株，应立即隔离或销毁处理。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
吊兰生命力极强，适应能力也是，养殖非常简单，最为传统的居室垂挂植物之一。吊兰可吸收室内80%以上的有害气体，吸收甲醛的能力超强。一般新房装修后保持多通风，放置几盆吊兰等绿植，空置三到六个月后基本可达到入住标准；吊兰还能吸收一氧化碳、过氧化氮等有害气体，还能分解苯，吸收香烟烟雾中的尼古丁等比较稳定的有害物质，故吊兰又有“绿色净化器”之美称。 [图片]盆养吊兰，在一般情况下，常出现叶尖干枯、叶片逐渐失去光泽等现象，为养好吊兰，需采取如下措施： 一、光照适当吊兰喜半阴环境，秋季应避开强烈阳光直射。秋季阳光特别强烈，白天需遮去阳光的50％～70％，否则会使叶尖干枯，尤其是花汁品种，更怕强光照射。金边吊兰在光线弱的地方会长得更加漂亮，黄色的金边更明显，叶片更亮泽。 二、施肥适量吊兰是较耐肥的观叶植物，若肥水不足，容易衰老，叶片发黄，失去观赏价值。宜每7～10天施1次有机肥液，但对金边、金心等花叶品种，应少施氮肥，以免花叶颜色变淡甚至消失，影响美观。适当施用骨粉、蛋壳等沤制的有机肥，待充分发酵后，取适量稀释液，每10～15天浇1次，可使花叶艳丽明亮。 [图片]三、浇水适当吊兰喜湿润环境，要经常保持盆土湿润，秋季浇水要充足，中午前后及傍晚还应往枝叶上喷水，以防叶片干枯。如吊兰上蒙尘较多，既影响其生长，又影响其美观，所以要经常对枝叶进行喷水，保持枝叶艳丽美观。下部枯叶、黄叶要随时摘去，平时要保持正常湿度，不宜干燥，也不宜过湿。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
洋兰花具有花朵硕大、花形奇特多姿、绚丽；花期长，可达3个月左右；栽培介质不是土壤而是树皮、苔藓等，很少发生病虫害，能够保持家庭的卫生整洁等特点，因此成为近年来深受市民喜爱的年宵盆栽花卉。 [图片]洋兰花瓣灰霉病危害的病原真菌为Botrytis cinerea，病症为在花瓣、萼片上出现小的圆褐色斑点，在蝴蝶兰、嘉德丽雅兰、文心兰中较常见，主要由高湿及通风不良的环境引起。冬春季低温时，为防止外界冷空气入侵温室内侵害兰花，故常紧闭门窗或作保温措施，导致温室内空气的相对湿度很高(达90％以上)，正是此病发生和蔓延的好机会。该真菌性病害为一广泛性的病原菌，寄主多达数百种，可感染花卉、观赏植物、蔬菜和果树类等，每年2-5月，普遍发生於栽培温室内。若蝴蝶兰花朵受感染时，不但影响观赏价值，商品价值降低，甚至销售无门，损失甚大。防治方法如下： [图片]（1）注意通风透气，降低环境湿度。 （2）第一朵花展开前，开始喷50%的扑灭灵可湿性粉剂2000倍药剂，以后每隔2-4周喷施一次。 （3）开花期间，发现染病的花朵立即摘除，集中烧毁或掩埋。 （4）温室内外其他观赏植物花卉类亦需同时喷施保护。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
银杏，大家都非常熟悉了吧，这是一种落叶乔木，是第四纪冰川运动后遗留下来的裸子植物中最古老的孑遗植物，非常的珍贵。 银杏抗病虫害能力非常强，但由于近年来各省市之间苗木交流频繁，造成各种病虫害的交叉出现。导致上述现象的病虫害极可能是蛀蚀性害虫天牛，这种虫害幼虫的危害位置一般是树干距地面20厘米左右。成虫产卵20天后孵化出幼虫，生长在树皮和木质部之间，虫道长20至60厘米，一个月后害虫开始蛀蚀树干木质部，同时树下会出现害虫粪便。防治方法主要有四种： [图片]1.捕捉成虫6月下旬至7月上旬是成虫的出孔时间，特别是下雨过后，大部分成虫会集中到树叶和枝条上，利于抓捕。 2.挖除初龄幼虫8月中旬，幼虫蛀蚀树干时会分泌出淡黄色胶状物质，可以用工具挖出幼虫。 3.涂盖树干6月中旬成虫产卵前，把树干2米以下位置全部用涂盖剂涂上。涂盖剂成分为一份石硫合剂、两份粘土、10份生石灰、40份水和少量盐。 4.堵孔杀虫9月份有粪便排出时，将磷化铝药片切成0.15克一份，塞到虫孔里，再用泥巴把孔封死。或者用棉花堵住蛀孔端，从排出孔用注射器注射药剂。药剂选择50%的辛硫磷、50%的敌敌畏或40%的氧化乐果与水以1∶100配比均可以。 以上都是根据山东气候特点安排的时间，如果是其他地方请根据当地具体气候选择不同方法。 [图片]家庭养护管理 放置场所：银杏喜光，宜放置于阳光充足、空气流通，但较湿润之处。夏季要避免曝晒，可适当庇荫；冬季能耐寒，一般可在室外越冬，但最好将盆埋进土里。 浇水：平时宜保持盆土湿润，不宜偏干，但也不能积水。夏季温高光强，银杏叶大蒸发快，应早晚浇水，不可间断。秋后宜少浇水。 施肥：每年冬季要施基肥，须用有机肥，如腐熟豆饼或厩肥。春夏间生长旺盛期，宜常施稀薄的饼肥水或沤熟的人粪尿，以促进枝叶的生长，保持鲜绿的叶色。 翻盆：可每隔2年进行一次，以春分前后为宜。银杏根系发达，可结合翻盆、换盆，剪短过长的根系，换去1B2～2B3的旧土，再在盆底施基肥饼屑。 银杏生长慢，寿命长，抗污染及有毒气体的能力强，很少发生病虫害。要注意老桩景盆土不能过湿，否则易发生根腐病。 说起银杏，大家第一时间想起的大概就是生长在大自然中的银杏树，而不是银杏盆景吧，但其实生活中银杏盆景才是更为大家所常见的。银杏是非常珍贵的一种落叶乔木，其叶形美观，株型优美，作为盆景出现时，具有非常不凡的欣赏价值和艺术价值。将银杏盆景摆放在家里，不仅能够装饰环境，还能够提高主人艺术生活品味。
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Miss Chen
2018年05月28日
Miss Chen
佛手掌叶色鲜绿，叶面光洁透明，叶片紧抱轮生于短茎上，长得酷似佛手状，所以很多人喜欢在家中养殖佛手掌。它原产非洲南部，性喜温暖湿润、光照充足的环境，也耐半阴和干旱，畏酷暑，怕寒冷，生长适温为18℃至22℃。对土壤要求不严，忌板结和积水，以排水良好的沙质壤土为最佳。 [图片]养殖过程中会出现叶片腐烂现象，小编整理了四个直接原因分享给大家： 一是盆土过湿 夏季高温季节，如果盆土中水分过多，加上空气湿度大，而此时植株已进入半休眠状态，吸收水分的功能较差，因而易招致叶片腐烂。应适当遮阴，为其创造一个通风良好、凉爽半阴的环境，使其能安全过夏。 二是施肥失误 如它在秋季生长旺盛，则氮肥不宜过多，否则易导致植株徒长和烂叶，应强调氮、磷、钾三要素的均衡供应。另外，浇施有机肥时，不要将肥液溅落于叶片上，以免引起病斑和腐烂。 三是叶片破损 在栽培养护过程中，如果叶片出现人为破损或虫咬损伤，脏水或病菌易乘虚而入，引起伤口处腐烂，所以应尽量避免叶片出现伤口。 四是病害烂叶 最常见的是佛手掌萎蔫病，病菌从根颈部侵入后，扩展至全株。病部初呈黄褐色至褐色，后根颈部起皱变软，地上部分全面萎蔫干枯，在高温高湿条件易发病。防治方法是：尽量减少伤口，必要时可于发病初期用50％的多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液，或70％的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂800倍液浇灌根颈部。 [图片]佛手掌的家庭养护应特别重视越冬和过夏期间的管理。 当环境气温超过32℃，植株将进入半休眠状态，此时应将盆栽植株搬放至阴凉处，停肥控水，保持盆土略呈干燥，注意环境通风透气，待秋凉后再恢复正常的水肥供应。冬季应保持棚室温度不低于10℃，维持盆土始终处于湿润状态，改浇水为喷水，停止施肥，确保其能安全过冬。家庭繁殖通常于9月至10月间进行扦插，扦插基质可用干净的湿沙，待切口收干后再将其插入沙床中，维持20℃左右的生根适温，一个月后即可生根，待其新根长至2厘米至3厘米长时，再行移栽上盆。
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我说肉肉你说萌！
2018年05月28日
我说肉肉你说萌！
天台上养护的多肉 [图片]所以，室内多肉想养好，首先得解决光照质量问题（参考飘窗党、玻璃房，光照没问题，多肉都能出状态），或者借助补光灯（现在淘宝上卖补光灯的很多，可以做下横向对比，售后也都有保障，效果不好其实可以选择退货），补光灯一般有两种，一种是红蓝光+紫外线，一种是全光谱，红蓝紫是只选择了对植物有用的光谱，在耗电量上会少一点，但光看着有点辣眼睛，全光谱看上去则更自然。但即便用上补光灯，状态维持上也只能说是一般，也没法跟天台党比。如果解决不了光照问题，也可以考虑退而求其次，种其它多肉，譬如说瓦苇属的玉露。 [图片]其次，室内多肉想养好，在浇水上要刻意控水，因为本身光照质量不足，水分充足的情况下就比较容易出现徒长的情况，配土也可以选择颗粒土占比较大的配置方案，降低土壤的持水能力。但不管怎么说解决光照问题才是室内养好多肉的根本。 宁可有点缺水，也不要肆意给水 [图片]室内相比室外的唯一好处，大概就是环境稳定，冬天不用担心冻伤，夏天遮阴通风（风扇）甚至降温（空调）都比较好解决，但光照是挥之不去的硬伤。 [图片]
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