绿手指
首页
动态
文章
百科
花园
设置
简体中文
上传成功
您有新的好友动态
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月30日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower consists of a pair of basal leaves and a flowering stalk. The basal leaves are 3-6" long and about one-half as much across; they are medium green, glabrous, oval-ovate in shape, slightly succulent, and smooth along their margins. The lower side of each basal leaf is slightly keeled. The inflorescence is an erect raceme about 4-10" tall that bears 5-30 flowers. The central stem of the raceme is light green, hairless, and rather stout. Individual flowers are about ¾–1" across, consisting of 3 sepals, 3 petals, and a short reproductive column. Each sepal is up to ½" long, greenish white, and linear in shape. The 2 lateral petals are up to ½" long, pale purple, filiform (worm-like) in shape, and drooping. The lower petal is the lip of the flower; it is about ½" long, pale purple, obovate in shape with faint purple veins, and either flat or gently curved. Above the base of the lip, there is an incurved reproductive column less than ¼" in length that is greenish. Each flower has a slender pedicel about ¾" long that is reddish purple and glabrous. At the base of each pedicel, there is a small triangular bract. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer and lasts 3-4 weeks for a colony of plants. The flowers begin to bloom from the bottom of the raceme to its apex. There is no noticeable floral scent. Successfully fertilized flowers produce seed capsules about ½" long or a little longer. Individual capsules are erect on their pedicels; they are ellipsoid with several longitudinal veins. Eventually, they split open to release numerous tiny seeds, which are distributed by the wind. The root system consists of a bulbous corm and slightly fleshy fibrous roots. A new corm develops adjacently to the old corm, from which future flowers and leaves will be produced; the old corm eventually withers away. [图片]Cultivation: Purple Twayblade prefers partial sunlight to light shade and moist to dry-mesic conditions in well-drained areas. This orchid adapts to many soil types, including rich loam, sandy loam, glacial till, and thin rocky soil with a slightly acid pH. To flourish, this orchid and its seeds require the presence of a particular strain of a Rhizoctonia/Tulasnella fungus. Otherwise, it cannot survive. Range & Habitat: The native Purple Twayblade is widely distributed throughout Illinois (see Distribution Map). Depending on the area, its abundance varies from rare to occasional. Habitats include open upland woodlands, small openings in wooded areas from fallen trees, upland savannas and sandy savannas, sandstone glades and partially shaded cliffs, sparse thickets in barren areas, abandoned shrubby fields, pine plantations (if not too shady), and small meadows in wooded areas. Purple Twayblade is associated with oak-hickory woodlands and mixed woodlands (pines and deciduous trees) in mesic to upland areas. Because excessive shade from canopy trees and shrubs can cause entire colonies of plants to die out, occasional reduction of woody vegetation from wildfires, wind-thrown trees, etc., helps to maintain existing populations of this orchid. [图片]Faunal Associations: Very little is known about floral-faunal relationships. If the flowers are not cross-pollinated by insect visitors, they fail to develop seed capsules. Unfortunately, such insect visitors are uncommon and largely unknown at the present time. Charles Robertson observed the Anthomyiid fly Pegoplata juvenalis and the plant bug Lopidea medius (aka Lopidea media) visiting the flowers, but he did not regard them as effective pollinators. Christensen (1994) has suggested that the floral pollinators are flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) because the pale purple color and veins of the flowers may resemble carrion. It is possible that the flowers produce an odor that the relatively insensitive human nose cannot detect. The succulent basal leaves are browsed by both White-Tailed Deer and the Cottontail Rabbit. Where these animals are abundant, populations of this orchid may experience a significant decline from excessive herbivory. [图片]Photographic Location: A small meadow in Vermilion County, Illinois, and a savanna in Champaign County, Illinois. Comments: The flowers of this small orchid have an unusual spidery appearance. Lacking bright distinctive colors, they have a tendency to blend into the background. Because no other orchid in Illinois closely resembles Purple Twayblade, it is easy to identify. Its nearest relative in the state, Liparis loeselii (Lesser Twayblade), has less showy flowers that are smaller in size, yellow-green, and self-fertile. Instead of Purple Twayblade, other common names of Liparis liliifolia are Large Twayblade and Lily-Leaved Twayblade.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月30日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is up to 6' tall and unbranched, except at the inflorescence. The central stem is stout and smooth. The leaves usually occur in whorls of 3-9 along the stem, although some of the upper leaves may occur along the stem in pairs or alternate individually. The leaves are individually up to 7" long and 1" across, rather stiff in texture, and sometimes curve upward along their margins. They are lanceolate or narrowly ovate, with smooth margins and parallel venation. Above the terminal leaves of the central stem, 1-12 flowers hang downward from stalks about 4-8" long that spread upward and outward. Some flowering stalks may also appear from the axils of the upper leaves. Each showy flower is about 3-4" across, with 6 tepals that flare outward and then curve strongly backward beyond the base of the flower. These tepals are yellowish orange or green near the base of the flower, and become orange to dark orange towards their tips. They have numerous brownish purple dots toward the throat of the flower. The stamens are quite conspicuous and strongly exerted from the base of the flower, with reddish brown to black anthers that are ½" long or longer in length. They surround a long whitish orange stigma that curls slightly upward and is orange or brown toward its tip. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer, and lasts about a month. There is no noticeable floral scent. The oblong 3-lobed seedpods contain closely stacked, flat seeds with thin papery wings – this enables them to be carried some distance by gusts of wind. The root system consists of a white bulb, from which new offsets may form. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, rich loamy soil, and moist conditions. An established plant, however, can withstand some drought. Growing this plant from seeds is slow and difficult, but relatively easy from bulbs or transplants. There is some tendency to flop over if there is inadequate support from neighboring plants. Range & Habitat: The native Turk's Cap Lily occurs primarily in a few counties in southern Illinois (see Distribution Map). This is a rare plant in the wild in Illinois, although it is occasionally cultivated in gardens because of the showy flowers. Habitats include moist meadows in woodland areas, open woodlands and young flatwoods, thickets, and areas along lakes. This plant is occasionally introduced into natural areas outside of its original range. [图片]Faunal Associations: Cross-pollination is required for fertile seeds. The large showy flowers appear to be designed to attract hummingbirds and larger day-flying insects, such as Sphinx moths, Hummingbird moths, long-tongued bees, and the larger butterflies. Charles Robertson in Flowers and Insects (1929) observed the Greater Fritillary, Monarch, and Spicebush Swallowtail butterflies as occasional visitors to Lilium superbum, which was probably Lilium michiganense, as the former species doesn't occur near Carlinville, Illinois. Larger herbivores, such as deer and livestock, will consume mature plants, while immature plants are vulnerable to small herbivores. Small rodents may eat the bulbs. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at Meadowbrook Park in Urbana, Illinois, where this species was introduced. [图片]Comments: This is a very beautiful plant. The Turk's Cap Lily can be distinguished from the more common Lilium michiganense (Michigan Lily) as follows: 1) the former species is restricted to southern Illinois, although it may be introduced elsewhere; 2) some of the anthers of the former are greater than ½" long, while the anthers of the latter species are always less than ½" long; 3) the former has white bulbs, while the latter has yellow bulbs, and 4) the former species may have a conspicuous 6-pointed green star at the base of the flower, although this feature isn't always present in some local ecotypes. The stamens of Turk's Cap Lily are even more strongly exerted from the throat of the flower than is the case for the Michigan Lily, and it tends to be a taller, more robust plant.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月30日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 2-4' tall and unbranched, except near the apex where the flowers occur. The central stem is light green, terete, glabrous, and often glaucous. At intervals along this stem, there are whorls of 3-8 leaves; 1 or 2 alternate leaves may occur along the upper portion of the stem. These leaves are up to 6" long and 1" across, narrowly ovate, smooth along the margins, and sessile. The upper surface of each leaf is medium to dark green and glabrous, while the lower surface is a lighter shade of green with finely short-pubescent hairs along the veins (a 10x hand lens may be necessary to see these minute hairs). The veins of the leaves are parallel. The upper stem terminates in 1-5 (rarely up to 20) yellow-orange to red-orange flowers on long stalks. Each of these stalks nods downward at its apex. Some stalks may have 1 or 2 leafy bracts that resemble the leaves, except they are smaller in size. Each trumpet-shaped flower is about 2½" long and across, consisting of 6 tepals, 6 stamens with red anthers, and a central pistil. The throat of the flower becomes yellow and it has purple dots. The tips of the tepals curve backward, but they don't extend to the base of the flower. The anthers and style of each flower are exerted only slightly from the corolla (the 6 tepals). The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer and lasts about 3 weeks. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each fertile flower is replaced by an oblongoid seed capsule that is about 2" long. Each seed capsule is divided into 3 cells; within each cell, there is a stack of large flattened seeds. The root system consists of a scaly corm with fibrous roots. This wildflower reproduces by seed or from offsets of the corms. Cultivation: The preference is dappled sunlight or partial sun, moist to mesic conditions, and a rich loamy or slightly sandy soil. The number of flowers on each plant is variable. Range & Habitat: Canada Lily has not been found in Illinois as either a native plant or an escaped cultivated plant. However, it occurs as a native plant in Indiana, thus it is possible that this species may establish itself in Illinois in the future. In Indiana and other eastern states, Canada Lily is found in open woodlands, wooded slopes, savannas, woodland openings, and moist meadows. Like other Lilium spp. (lilies), it is cultivated in gardens because of the large showy flowers. Faunal Associations: The floral nectar attracts large butterflies, particularly Speyeria cybele (Great Spangled Fritillary) and various Swallowtail butterflies. Halictid bees (e.g., Lasioglossum spp.) collect pollen from the flowers, but they are ineffective at cross-pollination because of their small size. The caterpillars of Papaipema nebris (Common Borer Moth), Papaipema cataphracta (Burdock Borer Moth), and Papaipema cerina (Golden Borer Moth) bore through the stems of native Lilium spp. (lilies). The last of these three species is oligophagous (specialist feeder). Other insects that feed on native lilies include Acrolepiopsis incertella (Carrion Flower Moth; caterpillars bore into corms or stems of lilies), Merodon equestris (Narcissus Bulb Fly; maggots feed on corms), and the introduced Lilioceris lilii (Lily Leaf Beetle; feeds on leaves). The Lily Leaf Beetle occurs in some northeastern states, but it has not been observed in Illinois thus far. Deer, rabbits, and other mammalian herbivores readily browse on the foliage of native Lilies, while voles and chipmunks eat the corms. [图片]Photographic Location: A garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This attractive lily is similar to other lilies with orange flowers, including Lilium superbum (Turk's Cap Lily), Lilium michiganense (Michigan Lily), and the introduced Lilium lancifolium (Tiger Lily). Like the flowers of Canada Lily, the flowers of Michigan Lily and Turk's Cap Lily often nod downward. However, the tepal tips of Michigan Lily curve back to the base of the flower, while the tepal tips of Turk's Cap Lily curve back and extend behind the base of the flower. The tepal tips of Canada Lily, in contrast, curve back only a little and remain in front of the base of the flower. The introduced Tiger Lily, in contrast to these native lilies, has dark bulbets in the axils of its leaves along the central stem, and its leaves are alternate (rather than whorled). Other orange-flowered lilies, whether native or introduced, typically have erect flowers. Of these various species, you are most likely to encounter the Michigan Lily in the natural areas of Illinois, although the Tiger Lily has become increasingly common.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月29日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 2½–5' tall, erect, and unbranched. The central stem is medium green, glabrous to short-pubescent, and terete. Numerous alternate leaves are arranged densely around the stem; they are widely spreading. The lower leaves are up to 12" long and 1½" across; they are broadly linear to elliptic oblong in shape. The middle to upper leaves become gradually smaller as they ascend the stem, becoming linear in shape and as little as 3" long. All of the leaves are medium green and their margins are smooth; they are usually hairless, except for their margins, which are often slightly ciliate. The lower leaves usually have petioles, while the middle to upper leaves are sessile. The inflorescence consists of a narrow raceme of flowerheads up to 2' long. The flowerheads begin to bloom from the top of inflorescence, then they gradually bloom below until the bottom is reached. Each inflorescence has 10-40 flowerheads. Each flowerhead is located at the apex of an ascending stalk (peduncle) about ½–3½" long; a stalk may branch to produce 2-3 flowerheads, but this is atypical. At the base of each stalk, there is a sessile leafy bract that resembles the upper leaves. Both the central stalk and lateral stalks of the raceme are short-pubescent. Individual flowerheads span 1-2" across, consisting of 25-80 pink disk florets and no ray florets. The tubular disk florets have 5 spreading narrow lobes. The bifurcated styles are light pink and strongly exerted from the disk florets, providing the flowerheads with a shaggy appearance. At the base of each flowerhead, there are scale-like floral bracts (phyllaries) that are arranged together in about 5 overlapping series; they are ascending to slightly spreading, but neither recurved nor appressed. Individual floral bracts are oval or obovate in shape and ciliate along their margins; they become dark reddish purple when their flowerheads bloom, otherwise they are dull green. The blooming period occurs from late summer to mid-fall and lasts about 1½ months. The disk florets are replaced by bullet-shaped achenes, which have tufts of barbed tawny hairs. The root system consists of a bulb-like corm with fibrous roots. Vegetative offsets are produced from new corms. Cultivation: This wildflower can adapt to full or partial sun, moist or mesic conditions, and different kinds of soil, including those that are loamy, sandy, or gravelly. It can tolerate a little more shade than other Liatris spp. (Blazingstars). In the garden, individual plants can become top-heavy during the blooming period and topple over, unless they are tied to stakes. [图片]Range & Habitat: The native Savanna Blazingstar is found in west-central and NE Illinois, where it is rare; in other sections of the state, it is absent (see Distribution Map). This species is state-listed as 'threatened.' Habitats consist of oak savannas and prairies; sometimes these habitats are sandy. In other states, this species is found in rocky glades and savannas with pine trees. Savanna Blazingstar is found in high quality habitats. It is endemic to the Midwest. Faunal Associations: The flowerheads attract butterflies and skippers primarily, especially Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). The caterpillars of some oligophagous moths are known to feed on Liatris spp. (Blazingstars). These species include Schinia sanguinea (Bleeding Flower Moth), Schinia gloriosa (Glorious Flower Moth), Papaipema beeriana (Blazingstar Borer Moth), and Carmenta anthracipennis (Liatris Borer Moth). There is also an oligophagous aphid, Aphis laciniariae, that sucks juices from Blazingstars. The foliage is readily eaten by deer, rabbits, groundhogs, cattle, and other mammalian herbivores. Voles sometimes feed on the corms. This wildflower benefits from occasional wildfires as this reduces the encroachment of woody vegetation. [图片]Photographic Location: The wildflower garden of the webmaster in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: This blazingstar can become quite tall and it produces hefty flowerheads that are larger than those of other Liatris spp. (Blazingstars). It is a very beautiful plant that should be cultivated more often. Sometimes Savanna Blazingstar is considered a distinct species, in which case it is referred to as Liatris nieuwlandii. The typical variety of Liatris scariosa (Northern Blazingstar), is found in areas to the east of Illinois, and there is another variety that is found in New England. Savanna Blazingstar can be distinguished from Liatris aspera (Rough Blazingstar) by the ascending stalks of its flowerheads; the flowerheads of Rough Blazingstar are sessile (or nearly so) and they have fewer disk florets.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月29日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is sparsely branched and up to 2½' tall. The stems have fine white hairs. The alternate compound leaves are trifoliate and have slender primary petioles about ¼–¾" long. The leaflets are up to 1½" long and ½" across. They have smooth margins and are oblong, except for a tiny point at the tip. [图片]The flowers occur in crowded heads on short peduncles in the upper portions of the stems. The lower flowers are cleistogamous and inconspicuous; they are capable of forming fertile seeds without the pollination of insects. The upper flowers are about ¼" across and have a typical pea-like structure. This consists of a broad upper petal, and two smaller side petals that parallel a jutting lower lip. The petals of these flowers are pink, although the base of the upper petal is rose pink. These flowers remain clustered along the stems amid the leaves. The blooming period is late summer or early fall, and lasts about 3 weeks. There is no floral scent. The root system consists of a deep taproot. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, and mesic to dry conditions. This plant grows readily in soil that is loamy, rocky, or sandy. It has excellent drought resistance. It's easy to start plants from seeds or transplants, and foliar disease is rarely troublesome. Soil with below average pH is tolerated, if not actually preferred. Sometimes this plant has trouble competing against taller, more aggressive plants in fertile soil. Range & Habitat: The native Slender Bush Clover is occasional in the southwestern section of Illinois, but it is uncommon or absent elsewhere (see Distribution Map). Habitats include drier areas of black soil and sandy prairies, hill prairies, rocky upland forests and sandy forests, savannas and sandy savannas, scrubby barrens with poor soil, limestone glades, bluffs, and banks along lakes. The woodland areas where this plant occurs are often dominated by oak trees. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers are visited by long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, flies, small butterflies, and skippers. These insects seek nectar, although the bees also collect pollen. Among these visitors, bees are probably the most effective pollinators of the flowers. The caterpillars of some species of skippers feed on the foliage, including Thorybes bathyllus (Southern Cloudywing), Thorybes pylades (Northern Cloudywing), and Achalarus lyciades (Hoary Edge). The seeds are eaten by some upland gamebirds, particularly the Bobwhite, and occasionally the Wild Turkey. Mammalian herbivores of all kinds readily feed on Slender Bush Clover, including deer, rabbits, groundhogs, and livestock. An overpopulation of these animals can make the establishment of this plant difficult in some areas. Photographic Location: The photograph was taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois. Comments: The flowers of Slender Bush Clover are attractive, but small-sized. This plant has a more delicate appearance than Lespedeza capitata (Round-Headed Bush Clover), with greener leaves and pinker flowers.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月29日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is 1½–3' tall and largely unbranched, except for several flowering stems toward the apex. The stems are covered with long white hairs. The alternate compound leaves are trifoliate. Each compound leaf has a short hairy petiole with a pair of narrow stipules about 1/10" (2.5 mm.) long at its base. The individual leaflets are up to 2" long and 1½" across. They are oval, oval-orbiculate, or obovate, and have smooth margins. Their upper surface is finely pubescent, while their lower surface is softly hairy. The upper stems terminate in rather short spike-like racemes of flowers about 1-3" long. The hairy flowering stalks (peduncles) are often longer than either the leaflets or the inflorescence. The spike-like racemes have whorls of flowers that are densely crowded together. Each flower is about 1/3" (8 mm.) long and cream-colored, usually with a purple spot at the base. It has a typical pea-like flower structure, consisting of a standard and keel. The calyx lobes are longer than the flowers. They are hairy, narrow, and taper to a sharp point, turning brown with maturity. This species of bush clover rarely produces cleistogamous flowers. The blooming period occurs during the late summer and lasts about 3 weeks. There is no noticeable floral scent. Each flower is replaced by a seedpod that is short, flat-sided, and pubescent, with its outer tip consisting of a short beak. This seedpod is about the same length or shorter than the calyx lobes. The root system consists of a taproot. This plant spreads by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun, mesic to dry conditions, and an acid soil containing sand or rocky material. Full sunlight or light shade, and more fertile soil are also tolerated. Hairy Bush Clover fixes nitrogen in the soil. Range & Habitat: This species has an odd bifurcated distribution, occurring in NE and southern Illinois, but hardly anywhere else in the state (see Distribution Map). Hairy Bush Clover is an occasional plant in these areas, where it is native. Habitats include upland oak woodland that are rocky or sandy, oak savannas that are rocky or sandy, and sandstone glades. In NE Illinois, this species occurs in sandy areas that are dominated by Black Oaks, while in southern Illinois it occurs in areas that are hilly and rocky. Occasional wildfires are probably beneficial to this species as this opens up the forest canopy. Faunal Associations: The flowers attract bees primarily, including bumblebees, Leaf-Cutting bees, and Halictid bees. The short-tongued bee Calliopsis andreniformis often visits the flowers of Lespedeza spp. Butterflies may visit the flowers for nectar, but they are non-pollinating. The foliage is eaten by the caterpillars of various skippers and moths. This includes such skipper species as Thorybes pylades (Northern Cloudywing), Thorybes bathyllus (Southern Cloudywing), and Epargyreus clarus (Silver-Spotted Skipper), and such moth species as Utetheisa bella (Bella Moth), Ptichodis herbarum (Common Ptichodis), and Dasylopha anguina (Black-Spotted Prominent). The seeds are eaten by the Bobwhite Quail and Wild Turkey, while the foliage is eaten by the Cottontail Rabbit and White-Tailed Deer. The foliage is non-toxic and highly palatable to mammalian herbivores. [图片]Photographic Location: The photos were taken at a sandy savanna and a sandy path of the Hooper Branch Savanna Nature Preserve in Iroquois County, Illinois. The dominant tree in this area is Quercus velutina (Black Oak). Comments: Hairy Bush Clover is one of several Lespedeza spp. that occur in Oak woodlands or savannas. This species is not very showy as the small flowers are partially hidden by the long calyx lobes. It can be distinguished from these other species by its cream-colored flowers, unusually broad leaves, and very hairy stems. A distinguishing characteristic are the long peduncles, which are often longer than the leaflets and spike-like racemes. This can be readily observed in the photographs. Other bush clovers, such as Lespedeza capitata (Round-Headed Bush Clover), usually have shorter peduncles.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月29日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is ½–2' tall or long, branching occasionally. The stems are light green to brown, terete, and sparsely appressed-pubescent; they are erect, ascending, or sprawling. Alternate trifoliate leaves occur along these stems, becoming smaller in size toward the tips or apices of these stems. The leaflets are ½–1½" long and about one-half to one-third as much across; they are oblong-elliptic to broadly oblong-elliptic in shape and their margins are entire (toothless). Usually, the terminal leaflets are slightly larger in size than the lateral leaflets. The upper surface of these leaflets is medium green and hairless to sparsely appressed-pubescent, while the lower surface of these leaflets is light green or whitish green and moderately to densely appressed-pubescent. Leaflet venation is pinnate with prominent central veins and weaker lateral veins; the lateral veins are straight and run parallel to each other. Petioles of trifoliate leaves are ¼–1½" long; they are light green, terete, and sparsely appressed-pubescent. The petiolules (basal stalklets) of the terminal leaflets are 2-5 mm. long, while the petiolules of the lateral leaflets are 0.5–1 mm. long. At the bases of petioles along the stems, there are pairs of small stipules. These stipules are 2-5 mm. long and linear in shape; they have a tendency to wither early. Leafy Plant with Seedpods Racemes and/or sparingly branched panicles of 3-8 flowers are produced on long ascending peduncles from either the axils of upper leaves or directly from the upper stems. These peduncles extend beyond the compound leaves. The inflorescences are also produced from the axils of middle leaves, although their peduncles tend to be about as long as the petioles of compound leaves. Each flower is about 6-10 mm. in length, consisting of a light green calyx with 5 teeth, 5 whitish purple to purple petals, 10 stamens, and a pistil with a single style. The flowers have a typical pea-like floral structure, consisting of a large upright banner (upper petal), a pair of wings that are slightly spreading and extend forward (2 lower outer petals), and an inner keel that extends forward (2 lower inner petals). The wings of each flower are slightly shorter than its keel. At the base of the banner, there is an arch-shaped patch of dark rosy purple. The calyx is sparsely appressed pubescent and it extends to about one-half of the length of the flower. The pedicels of the flowers are short (1-4 mm. in length). In addition to the preceding chasmogamous flowers, there are also inconspicuous cleistogamous (self-fertile) flowers that develop from the axils of the leaves. These cleistogamous flowers are held close to the stems on short pedicels (1-4 mm. in length). The blooming period occurs from mid- to late summer, lasting about 1 month. [图片]Afterwards, fertile flowers are replaced by small seedpods that become 4-7 mm. long at maturity, the latter changing in color from green to dark brown. Usually, the chasmogamous flowers don't produce seedpods, while the cleistogamous flowers almost always do. The seedpods are orbicular-ovate in shape and flattened, tapering abruptly at their tips into short beaks; they are sparsely appressed-pubescent along their sides. Each seedpod contains a single reniform (kidney-shaped) seed. The root system consists of a taproot. Cultivation: The preference is partial sun, dry-mesic conditions, and somewhat sterile soil containing some clay or rocky material. Competition from taller and more aggressive ground vegetation is not well-tolerated. This legume fixes nitrogen in the soil. Range & Habitat: The native Violet Bush Clover is occasional in the southern half of Illinois, while in the northern half of the state it is uncommon (see Distribution Map). However, it can be found in scattered areas throughout the state. Habitats include upland rocky woodlands, thinly wooded bluffs along rivers, upland savannas, hill prairies, dry grassy openings in upland woodlands, and roadside embankments along hilly woodlands. Violet Bush Clover is found primarily in average to high quality natural areas. It probably benefits from occasional wildfires that reduce competition from woody vegetation. [图片]Faunal Associations: The chasmogamous flowers of Violet Bush Clover are cross-pollinated primarily by bees, including leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.), digger bees (Melissodes spp.) and Halictid bees. Small butterflies and skippers may also visit these flowers, but they are less effective at cross-pollination. The showier chasmogamous flowers of Violet Bush Clover probably require insect cross-pollination before they can produce seedpods, while the cleistogamous flowers do not. Miscellaneous insects feed destructively on the foliage, seeds, and other parts of bush clovers (Lespedeza spp.). These insects include the seed-eating larvae of a weevil (Coelocephalapion decoloratum), various leaf beetles and their larvae (Anomoea laticlavia, Odontota horni, Phyllecthris dorsalis, etc.), foliage-eating larvae of a sawfly (Atomacera debilis), seed-eating broad-headed bugs (Alydus spp.), an aphid (Microparsus singularis), the Prairie Walking Stick (Diapheromera velii), and Tick Trefoil Thrips (Neohydatothrips desmodianus); see Sauer (2005), Clark et al. (2004), Smith (2006), Schaefer (1980), Blackman & Eastop (2013), Arment (2006), and Stannard (1968). The caterpillars of some skippers feed on the foliage of bush clovers; these species include the Hoary Edge (Achalarus lyciades), Southern Duskywing (Thorybes bathyllus), and Northern Duskywing (Thorybes pylades). In addition, the larvae of some moths feed on these plants. Examples of such moths include the Bella Moth (Utetheisa bella), Common Ptichodis (Ptichodis herbarum), Black-spotted Prominent (Dasylophia anguina), a Cosmopterigid moth (Triclonella pergandeella), and a Gracillariid moth (Parectopa lespedezaefoliella); see Opler & Krizek (1984) Covell (1984/2005), and Needham et al. (1928). The larvae of the last two moths are leaf-miners. Among vertebrate animals, the seeds of bush clovers are eaten by the Ruffed Grouse, Wild Turkey, Bobwhite Quail, Mourning Dove, and Slate-colored Junco; they are also eaten by the Prairie Deer Mouse. The foliage is palatable to White-tailed Deer and other hoofed mammalian herbivores, including cattle (Martin et al., 1951/1961; Whitaker, 1966; Georgia, 1913). [图片]Photographic Location: A grassy opening of an upland woodland at Merwin Nature Preserve in McLain County, Illinois. Comments: In the past, Violet Bush Clover was referred to as Lespedeza violacea, while another species, Wand-like Bush Clover, was referred to as Lespedeza intermedia. However, it is now thought that the original herbarium specimen of Lespedeza violacea actually refers to Wand-like Bush Clover. Therefore, the appropriate scientific name for Violet Bush Clover (as described here) is Lespedeza frutescens. This changeover in names will be, no doubt, a source of confusion in the future. Because the flowers of Violet Bush Clover are more violet than those of Wand-like Bush Clover, the common names have been retained. Violet Bush Clover is one of several bush clovers (Lespedeza spp.) that occur in Illinois; most of them are native. It can be distinguished from similar species by its semi-erect habit, the long peduncles of its inflorescences (for chasmogamous flowers), the presence of inconspicuous cleistogamous flowers near its stems, and the structure of its flowers (their wings are shorter than their keels). Other bush clovers are either more erect or they are widely spreading vines. Bush clovers can be distinguished from similar-appearing tick trefoils (Desmodium spp.) by their seedpods: bush clovers have short single-seeded pods that are non-sticky, while tick trefoils have longer multiseeded pods that can cling to various surfaces by their hooked hairs.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
Miss Chen
2018年03月29日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is ½–1½' tall and abundantly branched, particularly along the upper two-thirds of its length. The pale green stems are sparsely to moderately covered with white hairs that are upwardly appressed or ascending. Small leaves about 8-15 mm. (1/3–2/3") long and about one-third as much across occur along the stems: they are alternate,Seed Capsules & Leafy Bracts opposite, or whorled. The leaf blades are green (turning yellow during the fall), smooth and ciliate along their margins, and elliptic-oblong with blunt tips; the base of each leaf blade is sessile, or it is has a short petiole. The upper surfaces of the blades are hairless to sparsely hairy, while the lower surfaces of the blades are usually hairy, particularly along the midveins. Similar to the hairs on the stems, the hairs on the leaves are appressed or curve outward toward their tips. The middle to upper stems produce overlapping panicles of flowers. Individual panicles are longer than they are wide, and they produce leafy bracts that are similar to the leaves, except the former are smaller in size. The small flowers are borne individually on the secondary and tertiary branches of the panicles. Each flower is about 2 mm. long and a little less across, consisting of 5 persistent purplish red petals, 5 ascending green sepals (sometimes becoming red later), 3 or more stamens, and a 3-celled ovary with short stigmata at its apex (there are no filaments). Each flower has a short slender pedicel about 1 mm. long. The blooming period occurs during the late summer for about a month; only a few flowers are in bloom at the same time. The flowers are probably cross-pollinated by wind, at least in part. Each flower is replaced by an ovoid seed capsule about 2 mm. long that typically contains 2-3 seeds; because of the persistent petals and sepals, it is purplish red or greenish red in appearance. The 2 outer sepals are the same length or longer than the seed capsule (2 mm. in length or more) and they are linear in shape. The 3 inner sepals are shorter than the seed capsule (less than 2 mm. in length) and they are ovate in shape. After the seed capsules open, the small seeds are dispersed primarily by gravity and usually fall only a short distance from the mother plant. During the late fall, the flowering plant withers away and it is replaced by a low rosette of little-branched stems with whorled or opposite leaves; this rosette spans about 3-4" across and usually survives the winter until it is replaced by a flowering plant during the next spring. The basal leaves are similar to the cauline leaves of the flowering plant, except they are more wide in shape (oval-ovate). The root system consists of a slender taproot with fibrous secondary roots; sometimes the taproot is barely distinguishable from these secondary roots. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, moist to dry conditions, and either sandy or very rocky soil. The seeds are slow to germinate, often remaining dormant for several years. Range & Habitat: The native Small Pinweed is an uncommon plant that is found in NE Illinois and scattered locations elsewhere in the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include sand prairies, openings and edges of sandy oak woodlands, sandy oak savannas, rocky bluffs and cliffs, partially wooded sand dunes near Lake Michigan, and edges of sandy marshes. In many areas, populations of Small Pinweed have declined as a result of habitat destruction from various development projects. Like other Lechea spp. (Pinweeds), it is adapted to occasional disturbance (wildfires, shifting dunes), but dislikes extreme orLower Stem & Leaves more frequent modifications of its environment. Faunal Associations: In general, very little is known about the floral-fauna relationships of Lechea spp. (Pinweeds); they have not been studied adequately, thus some of the following information is speculative. The flowers offer no nectar to insect visitors; only pollen is available as a food reward. It is possible that various flies, small bees, and other small insects are minor pollinators of the flowers, which are self-fertile and probably cross-pollinated by the wind. It has been found that White-Tailed Deer preferentially browse on Lechea maritima (Beach Pinweed) in Virginia (see Keiper, 1990), and thus they may browse on other Pinweeds in other areas as well. Photographic Location: Edge of a sandy oak woodland that is located near a wet sand prairie at the Iroquois County Conservation Area in Iroquois County, Illinois. [图片]Comments: In most of Illinois, Lechea spp. (Pinweeds) are restricted to sandy habitats, although in southern Illinois some species (including Small Pinweed) can be found along cliffs and upland woodlands that are rocky. The various species are very similar to each other in appearance and can be difficult to differentiate. The presence of mature fruits on a prospective plant greatly facilitates its identification and, to a lesser extent, the shape of the leaves and type of hairs on the stems facilitates species identification as well. Small Pinweed can be distinguished from other similar Pinweed species as follows: 1) it has wider leaves than some other species, which are more linear in shape, 2) the hairs on its stems are upwardly appressed or ascending, rather than widely spreading or absent, 3) the seed capsules are ovoid in shape, rather than globoid or subgloboid, and 4) the outer sepals of Small Pinweed are longer than the inner sepals and they are as long or longer than the seed capsules. The only other Pinweed in Illinois with the last characteristic is Lechea tenuifolia (Slender Pinweed), which differs by having linear leaves and it tends to be smaller in size. Another common name of Lechea minor is Thyme-Leaved Pinweed.
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
权问薇
2018年03月28日
权问薇
[图片]一、扦插 不同品种的花烛的繁殖方式都是不一样的，对于直立性且有茎的品种可以采取这个方式进行，时间最好选择在春天到夏天之间，首先剪取一到两个茎节并且带有三四片叶子的花烛作为插穗，然后插入水苔中，等待其生出新的根分生出幼株，就可以移植到盆里了。 [图片]二、分株 这一方法适合在比较凉爽和湿润的春季，准备换盆的时候进行，也可以在秋季天气微凉的时候进行分株。一定要注意不能在夏天太过于炎热的时候或者冬季天气特别寒冷干燥的时候分株。要时刻谨记在分株时一定不要伤到母株，过大的侧芽，太弱小的侧芽和靠的太紧的侧芽都不能分。要选择比较容易和母株分开的侧芽，相对比较健壮的或者至少要有两条以上的主要根系的侧芽才可以分。然后用手均匀的用力把侧芽和母株进行分离，如果用手不好分的话就用比较锋利的小刀在芽眼除割开，小刀要事先进行消毒才可以用哦。切开后的侧芽要等待其伤口稍微干一点后再将其假植放置于阴凉的地方，这样可以促进其伤口的恢复和生长。种植是必须将其根系平展开来，植株要直立可以进行必要的支撑。种植后不可以立刻就浇水，可以在其叶子上喷洒水保持其湿度。大约两天之后可以根据其情况进行施肥和浇水。 [图片]三、播种 这一方法一般是在其育种时使用的，也是最常规的繁殖方法，它的优点是非常简单方便，成本低，很容易实行，但是其繁殖速度比较慢。由于其自身自然授粉不良需要进行人工授粉才可以得到种子。花烛的种子是比较大的，所以要采取室内盆播，温度在25℃到28℃之间是比较适合其发芽的，大约在二十到二十五天会发芽。 [图片]
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
举报
转发
权问薇
2018年03月28日
权问薇
[图片]服用过量症状 虽说它的效果不错，但服用过量很可能会出现中毒的表现，不慎服用过量的话，自身反应会出现恶心、腹痛、腹泻 呕吐、头晕、失眠、精神错乱等现象；还会导致视力出现变化，如视力衰退、模糊等都为最为常见的现象。同时，病情严重的话还会有心律失常等各方面的问题。所以即使作为药用，就难免会有副作用，在服用时还是遵循医生的嘱托，不要乱服乱用。 处理方法 如果出现中毒现象的话，应该马上停止使用它，这样部分不良症状停药后可能会自行消失；对快速性心率失常者，如血液中K的浓度很低，那么可以适当补充K；反之，则可用利多卡因等药物。另外，还需停止使用有益于排尿的药品，并且充分补充K盐，以缓解心律失常的症状。如有低钾的患者，病情较重者可进行补K（静脉）治疗。如有中毒现象为心律失常情况:进行静脉或皮下注射，注意一般不需要用“起搏器”，因为人体在中毒的时候，其心肌细胞的兴奋性会相应上升，如果使用的话反而容易使病情加重。另外，“多巴胺”是治疗心衰的时候所需要的。不过，如果剂量太大则可能出现不良反应。此外，由于人体对它的反应各有差异，所以我们为了保险来看，得在用量上多加注意。研究表明，由微小的用量开始较稳妥，如果觉得剂量可能不够缓解症状，我们可以随着时间逐渐增加用量。
...显示更多
0
0
0
文章
评论
😀 😁 😂 😄 😆 😉 😊 😋 😎 😍 😘 🙂 😐 😏 😣 😯 😪 😫 😌 😜 😒 😔 😖 😤 😭 😱 😳 😵 😠
* 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF
* 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px
滚动加载更多...
304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327
article
举报 反馈

您有什么意见或建议，欢迎给我们留言。

请输入内容
提交
取消
设置
VIP
退出登录
关闭
分享

分享好文，绿手指（GFinger）养花助手见证你的成长。

关闭
请前往电脑端操作

请前往电脑端操作

关闭
转发
插入话题
SOS
办公室里的小可爱
樱花开
多肉
生活多美好
提醒好友
发布
/
提交成功 提交失败 最大图片质量 成功 警告 啊哦！ 出了点小问题 转发成功 举报 转发 显示更多 _zh 文章 求助 动态 刚刚 回复 邀你一起尬聊！ 表情 添加图片 评论 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px 最少上传一张图片 请输入内容