养花#换盆 之后，有些花友担心很难恢复，没换过盆的更是怕一换盆植株就挂掉了，除了不断在换盆的过程中积累经验，我们还要学习一些小技巧，让花卉植物换盆更快恢复，而且还能避免容易诱发的病虫害。 一、上盆前的盆土消毒 [图片]一些新手换盆都只是将旧花盆用清洗清洗干净就开始上盆，其实这样根本是没有什么效果的，凡是种过花的花盆，想要重新栽种植物，都应该经过杀菌消毒之后，才能用来栽种新的植物，如果种的时间较长，那么就应当用清水浸泡一天，去掉旧盆中的碱性残留物。 消毒方法可以放在沸水中煮，可以用多菌灵溶液浸泡。土壤消毒就比较简单，只需要将土壤暴晒3天，或者用多菌灵溶液浇灌一次即可，这样做不仅可以让植物更快恢复，还能达到杀菌的效果，避免日后容易诱发的真菌感染。 二、如何避免排水孔堵塞 选择土壤的时候，尽量要选疏松、排水良好的土壤，肥力可以用有机肥调节，但是如果土壤排水性不好，那么就很容易堵塞盆底的排水孔，容易造成盆土积水，引发植物烂根。 可以在盆底铺一些陶粒或碎瓦片，这样可以避免盆土堵塞排水孔，有利植物更好生长。 当然我们还应当在土壤里面适当混入煤渣、河沙或珍珠岩这些有利排水、透气的介质。 三、适当添加有机肥料 为了增加土壤里面的肥力，更快促进植物恢复，那么就要使用到有机肥料，刚种上的植物切记不能食用化肥，也就是各种复合肥之类的，最好是使用堆肥土或腐熟的有机肥。 1、堆肥土 堆肥土的制作是比较简单的，主要是要在平常的时候多收集一些材料，最佳的堆肥材料就是干草、落叶、菜叶了，生活中的茶渣、药渣和咖啡渣也是可以倒在里面，加上一些晒干碾碎的鸡蛋壳、细小的枯枝或果皮之类，都可以用来堆肥。 [图片]堆肥的时候容器底部要有排水孔，堆肥材料可以混合一些园土，加入适量的水，将各种材料搅拌均匀，保持微润不积水的状态。 因为我们不会放入一些肉类、奶类的制品，所以就不用太担心它会发臭。 之后我们就一两周搅拌一次，干了就加一些清水，甚至不用密封也能发酵，半年之后就能得到黝黑的堆肥土了。 [图片]2、腐熟的有机肥 腐熟的有机肥则是作为换盆的时候的基肥，是直接放在盆底上的，现在盆底放一层土壤，之后是一层腐熟的有机肥，然后再放一层土，最后再种上植物，这样是为了避免植物的根系直接接触基肥，有机肥回缓慢释放肥力，属于稀缓性的肥料。 当然上面介绍的都是一些很普通的换盆小技巧，老园丁们自动忽略就行了。

Scientific Name Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. [图片]Common Names Plains Coreopsis, Annual Coreopsis, Golden Tickseed, Painted Tickseed, Calliopsis, Garden Tickseed, Goldenwave Synonyms Calliopsis cardaminifolia, Coreopsis cardaminifolia Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Asteroideae Tribe: Coreopsideae Genus: Coreopsis [图片]Flower Color: Yellow and maroon or brown Bloom Time: Mid-summer Description Coreopsis tinctoria is an annual plants, up to 4 feet (1.2 m) tall and up to 18 inches (46 cm) wide, with smooth, stiff, branching stems. Leaves are pinnately-divided, glabrous and tending to thin at the top of the plant, up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long. Flowers are brilliant yellow with maroon or brown centers of various sizes, up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. Flowering typically occurs in mid-summer. The small, slender seeds germinate in fall or early spring. [图片]How to Grow and Care Most varieties are very easy to grow and are not particular about soil quality or soil pH. Many can be grown from seed, either started indoors, 4-6 weeks before your last expected frost, or direct seeded outdoors. Many will seed themselves, however the hybrid varieties do not grow true to seed. Coreopsis will need regular water when first planted, until they are established. After that, they are quite drought tolerant. Deadheading will keep the plants blooming throughout the summer. Some of the smaller flowered varieties are difficult to deadhead and you may prefer to shear the plants, once the first flush of flowers fade. They will fill in quickly. Most Coreopsis plants will form tidy clumps, but some of the taller species may require staking to look attractive, especially if grown in partial shade. Although they are rugged plants, they don’t tend to live more than 3 to 5 years. A decrease in flowering is a signal it is time to divide the plants or plant some new ones from seed. Origin Native to Canada, Northeast Mexico, much of the United States.

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Scientific Name Coreopsis rosea Nutt. [图片]Common Names Тickseeds, Pink Tickseed Synonyms Calliopsis rosea, Coreopsis rosea f. rosea Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Asteroideae Tribe: Coreopsideae Genus: Coreopsis [图片]Flower Color: Pink Bloom Time: Mid-summer Description Coreopsis rosea is a rhizomatous perennial with dense, bushy clumps, up to 2 feet (60 cm) tall. The leaves are linear, grass-like and light green in color. Flowers are small, daisy-like, up to 1 inch (2.5 cm)in diameter, with pink untoothed rays and yellow center disks and appear in mid-summer, singly on short stalks. [图片]How to Grow and Care Most varieties are very easy to grow and are not particular about soil quality or soil pH. Many can be grown from seed, either started indoors, 4-6 weeks before your last expected frost, or direct seeded outdoors. Many will seed themselves, however the hybrid varieties do not grow true to seed Coreopsis will need regular water when first planted, until they are established. After that, they are quite drought tolerant. Deadheading will keep the plants blooming throughout the summer. Some of the smaller flowered varieties are difficult to deadhead and you may prefer to shear the plants, once the first flush of flowers fade. They will fill in quickly. Most Coreopsis plants will form tidy clumps, but some of the taller species may require staking to look attractive, especially if grown in partial shade. Although they are rugged plants, they don’t tend to live more than 3 to 5 years. A decrease in flowering is a signal it is time to divide the plants or plant some new ones from seed. Origin Native to eastern North America, in a number of Atlantic states and Nova Scotia, Canada.

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Scientific Name Convallaria majalis L. [图片]Common Names Lily of the Valley, American Lily of the Valley, European Lily of the Valley, Our Lady’s Tears, Mary’s Tears, May Lily, May Bells Synonyms Convallaria keiskei, Convallaria latifolia, Convallaria linnaei, Convallaria mappii, Convallaria transcaucasica, Lilium-convallium majale, Polygonatum majale Scientific Classification Family: Asparagaceae Subfamily: Nolinoideae Genus: Convallaria [图片]Flower Color: White Bloom Time: Late spring Description Convallaria majalis is a rhizomatous perennial up to 12 inches (30 cm) tall, forming extensive colonies. The stem grow with one or two leaves up to 10 inches (25 cm) long. Flowering stems have two leaves and a raceme of 5 – 15 flowers on the stem apex. The sweetly scented flowers are white (rarely pink), bell-shaped, up to 0.4 inch (10 mm) in diameter. Flowering is in late spring. The fruit is a small orange-red berry up to 0.28 inch (7 mm) in diameter. [图片]How to Grow and Care Despite its temperamental reputation, Lily of the Valley is easy to grow if you buy it ready potted in spring. Dried crowns take ages to get going and do not always survive and it may also prove difficult to establish chunks supplied by friends. In both cases, pot up the crowns separately in loam-based compost, water well and allow them to establish for a year before planting out. (You can do the same in midwinter, forcing the crowns for an early show indoors.) At planting time, work in some humus, good garden compost or, even better, leafmould. Spread out any underground stems and cover with just a couple of inches of the planting mixture. Mulch well with leafmould. If you find that flowering is poor, an occasional dose of high-potash organic liquid feed may help. Origin Native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe and in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States.

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Scientific Name Clivia nobilis Lindl. [图片]Common Names Greentip Lily, Greentip Kaffir Lily, Greentip Forest Lily, Drooping Clivia, Cape Clivia, Bush Lily Synonyms Haemanthus cernuiflorus, Himantophyllum aitonii, Imatophyllum aitonii, Imatophyllum maximum Scientific Classification Family: Amaryllidaceae Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae Tribe: Haemantheae Genus: Clivia [图片]Flower Color: Orange Bloom Time: Spring and summer Description Clivia nobilis is an evergreen, rhizomatous perennial up to 2 foot (60 cm) tall, that forms tight clumps of strap-shaped, dark, non-glossy, green leaves with slightly serrated edges and a rounded tip. Arranged in an umbel the long-blooming, tubular, orange flowers in spring and summer droop downward and are followed by marble sized red berries. [图片]How to Grow and Care Clivia plants require partial to full shade and fast-draining loamy soils to produce healthy growth. Spread a 1-inch (2.5-cm) layer of mulch around the Clivia plant with a rake. Keep the mulch 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) from the base of the plant to avoid rot. Water the Clivia plant when the top 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) of soil become dry during the active growing season using a garden hose. Keep the soil moist but never soggy. Never water the Clivia to the point that there is standing water on the soil’s surface. Reduce watering in the late fall and winter months when the plant enters dormancy. Water dormant Clivia plants when the top 3 to 5 inches (7.5 to 12.5 cm) of soil becomes dry. Fertilize the Clivia with a 6-6-6 nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium formulation slow-release fertilizer every three months during the growing season. Apply at a rate of 1 teaspoon per square foot of soil. Spread the fertilizer in a ring around the Clivia plant, keeping the granules 12 inches (30 cm) from its base. Rake the fertilizer into the top 3 inches (7.5 cm) of soil. Water the area thoroughly. Do not apply fertilizer while the plant is dormant. Origin Native to South Africa.

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Scientific Name Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel [图片]Common Names Natal Lily, Bush Lily, Kaffir Lily, Flame Lily, September Lily, Clivia Lily, St. John’s Lily, Boslelie, Fire Lily, Orange Clivia Synonyms Vallota miniata (basionym), Clivia sulphurea, Himantophyllum miniatum, Imantophyllum miniatum, Imatophyllum atrosanguineum Scientific Classification Family: Amaryllidaceae Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae Tribe: Haemantheae Genus: Clivia [图片]Flower Color: Orange, scarlet or pale yellow Bloom Time: Winter Description Clivia miniata is an evergreen bulb-like perennial up to 2 feet (60 cm) tall and wide. The leaves are narrow, long, strap-like, dark green and blunt-tipped. As a houseplant it usually blooms in winter with clusters of up to 20 tubular, orange, scarlet or pale yellow flowers with yellow throat. [图片]How to Grow and Care Clivia plants require partial to full shade and fast-draining loamy soils to produce healthy growth. Spread a 1-inch (2.5-cm) layer of mulch around the Clivia plant with a rake. Keep the mulch 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) from the base of the plant to avoid rot. Water the Clivia plant when the top 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) of soil become dry during the active growing season using a garden hose. Keep the soil moist but never soggy. Never water the Clivia to the point that there is standing water on the soil’s surface. Reduce watering in the late fall and winter months when the plant enters dormancy. Water dormant Clivia plants when the top 3 to 5 inches (7.5 to 12.5 cm) of soil becomes dry. Fertilize the Clivia with a 6-6-6 nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium formulation slow-release fertilizer every three months during the growing season. Apply at a rate of 1 teaspoon per square foot of soil. Spread the fertilizer in a ring around the Clivia plant, keeping the granules 12 inches (30 cm) from its base. Rake the fertilizer into the top 3 inches (7.5 cm) of soil. Water the area thoroughly. Do not apply fertilizer while the plant is dormant. Origin Native to damp woodland habitats in South Africa.

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Scientific Name Clematis armandii Franch. [图片]Common Names Evergreen Clematis, Armand Clematis Synonyms Clematis armandii var. armandii, Clematis biondiana, Clematis ornithopus Scientific Classification Family: Ranunculaceae Subfamily: Ranunculoideae Tribe: Anemoneae Genus: Clematis [图片]Flower Color: White Bloom Time: Spring Description Clematis armandii is a flowering climbing plant up to 20 feet (6 m) tall. It bears fragrant, up to 2.4 inches (6 cm) across, white flowers in spring on the previous year’s growth. Its dark green leaves droop to create a textured look, and it serves well as a screen. [图片]How to Grow and Care Clematis vary in their need for pruning. Some types flower on last year’s vines, so you want to avoid cutting them to the ground in the spring. Others flower on current-year vines, so they don’t mind being cut to the ground each year. Rather than driving yourself crazy trying to keep track of the ideal pruning technique for each cultivar, try this common-sense approach: leave the prior year’s growth in place until mid-spring. Begin pruning only when you can see which vines are dead and which ones are starting to leaf out. A happy Clematis plant puts out an amazing amount of flowers and foliage. Feed your plants well to keep them healthy and vigorous. In early spring, surround the plant with a shovelful of compost and a handful of granular organic fertilizer. Feed again, once or twice during the growing season, with a water-soluble organic fertilizer. Origin Native to much of China (except the north and extreme south) and northern Burma.

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为害栀子花的主要是白粉虱，可以看到栀子花新梢上有大量白色有翅小飞虫。大量聚集于新梢，以幼、若虫固定在叶背上吸汁危害。严重时引起枯梢，且分泌蜜露，诱发烟煤病，#白粉虱 性喜阴湿环境，卵散产，成堆。成虫具有趋嫩性，总是随着植株的生长不断向顶部嫩叶产卵，一年可发生3—4代，能孤雌繁殖，世代重叠。由于繁殖迅速，迁飞能力强，易于传播，所以各地应掌握在越冬代成虫产卵期至一龄幼虫为防治重点。那栀子花长白粉虱怎么办呢？有什么防治方法？下面教给大家一些栀子花白粉虱的防治方法。 [图片]1、风吹法 因为白粉虱短脚短翅膀，面对大风，无法再呆在花草上，所以如果天气暖和，可以将花草放在室外吹风，当然这个需要有风，如果没有风，可以借助风扇对外吹，平日养护，要尽量花叶剪疏，保持通风，这样才能不容易生白粉虱。 2、喷药法 选择药剂为90%敌百虫800—1000倍，或用40%氧化乐果乳油1500倍液，或25%扑虱灵1500倍，或10%吡虫啉1500倍，或1.8%阿维菌素2000倍，或25%阿克泰3000—5000倍，可兼治蚜虫；20%螨克1000—1500倍，可兼治红蜘蛛，每7天左右喷1次，连续2—3次。 [图片]3、粘虫板 如果范围不是大，可以用粘虫板来治理白粉虱，对付小黑飞也可以用这个方法。 4、洗衣粉水 这个方法有的花友反应效果良好，比例是矿泉水瓶一瓶水加了两盖多左右的洗衣粉，但是也有花友反应这个方法没有效果，反而容易伤害花草，所以花友在尝试前需要谨慎衡量。 5、点蚊香 给栀子花套上一个塑料袋，在塑料袋上边弄上几个小孔，里边点上蚊香1小时后就行。 注意事项：喷药时，注意以叶背为主，且连同地面杂草及周围寄主一起喷；由于寄生蜂对菊酯类农药十分敏感，现阶段防治应少用菊酯类农药，以利保护天敌；在花蕾期慎用绿颖乳剂，做好药剂筛选、混用及交替使用；适时组织统防统治，采取防病先防虫的办法。

Scientific Name Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. [图片]Common Names Creeping Thistle, Canada Thistle, Canadian Thistle, Lettuce from Hell Thistle, California Thistle, Corn Thistle, Cursed Thistle, Field Thistle, Green Thistle, Hard Thistle, Perennial Thistle, Prickly Thistle, Small-flowered Thistle, Way Thistle, Stinger Needles Synonyms Cirsium arvense subsp. arvense, Cirsium arvense var. arvense, Breea arvensis, Breea dioica, Breea ochrolepidia, Breea praealta, Breea setosa, Carduus arvensis, Carduus haemorrhoidalis, Carduus neglectus, Carduus segetum, Carduus serratuloides, Carduus setosus, Cephalonoplos arvense, Cephalonoplos arvensis, Cephalonoplos ochrolepidium, Cephalonoplos segetum, Cephalonoplos setosus, Cirsium albicans, Cirsium albiflorum, Cirsium argenteum, Cirsium argunense, Cirsium x celakovskianum, Cirsium dioicum, Cirsium halophilum, Cirsium horridum, Cirsium incanum, Cirsium laevigatum, Cirsium macrostylon, Cirsium mutatum, Cirsium neglectum, Cirsium ochrolepidium, Cirsium praealtum, Cirsium ruthenicum, Cirsium setosum, Cirsium sordidum, Cirsium stocksii, Cnicus arvensis, Cnicus candicans, Cnicus lanatus, Cnicus macrostylus, Cnicus neglectus, Cnicus ruthenicus, Cnicus setosus, Cynara repens, Serratula arvensis, Serratula incana, Serratula setosa Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Tribe: Cynareae Genus: Cirsium [图片]Flower Color: Purple to white Bloom Time: Late June to August Description Cirsium arvense is an erect, perennial herbaceous plant, up to 4 feet (1.2 m) tall with an extensive creeping rootstock and ridged and hairy stems. The leaves are lance-shaped, irregularly lobed, up to 6 inches (15 cm) long with weakly to strongly prickled margins. The flowers are purple to white, up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long and 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) across. Flowering occurs in late June to August. The seeds are called achenes, up to 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long and have a feathery pappus. [图片]How to Grow and Care The seeds of Cirsium can be sown in either autumn or after the last frost of spring. They should be sown at a depth of 0.12 inch (3 mm). If grown indoors first then Cirsium takes about 2 to 3 weeks to germinate at a temperature of 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (21 to 24 degrees Celsius). The seedlings should be planted out in early spring, when it is still possible to get a frost with a spacing of about 2 feet (60 cm). Cirisium thrives in full sun and poor, average or reach soil that is moist but well drained. Plants require little care, but deadheading limits their tendency to self-sow. they generally self-sow only in moderation and unlike weedy thistles, the seedlings are easy to pull up. Use Thistles in mixed beds, herb gardens or meadowlike plantings. Origin Native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced elsewhere.

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Scientific Name Cichorium intybus L. [图片]Common Names Chicory, Common Chicory, Blue Daisy, Blue Dandelion, Blue Sailors, Blue Weed, Bunk, Coffeeweed, Cornflower, Hendibeh, Horseweed, Ragged Sailors, Succory, Wild Bachelor’s Buttons, Wild Endive, Belgium Endive, Witloof Synonyms Cichorium balearicum, Cichorium byzantinum, Cichorium byzantinum, Cichorium caeruleum, Cichorium cicorea, Cichorium commune, Cichorium cicorea, Cichorium commune, Cichorium divaricatum, Cichorium glabratum, Cichorium glaucum, Cichorium hirsutum, Cichorium illyricum, Cichorium officinale Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Cichorioideae Tribe: Cichorieae Subtribe: Cichoriinae Genus: Cichorium [图片]Flower Color: Blue Bloom Time: July to October Description Cichorium intybus is a bushy, perennial plant. The stem is a groved, tough and more or less hairy, up to 40 inches (1 m) tall. Leaves are lanceolate, stalked, and unlobed. The flowers are usually bright blue, rarely white or pink, toothed at the ends, and up to 1.6 inches (4 cm) wide. It flowers from July until October. [图片]How to Grow and Care Seeds can be started indoors five to six weeks before they are moved outdoors. In warm climates, sowing outdoors or transplanting occurs September through March. Planting Chicory in cooler climates should be done three to four weeks before the danger of frost has passed. Sow Chicory seeds 6 to 10 inches (15 to 25 cm) apart in rows that are 2 to 3 feet (60 to 0) apart. You can always thin the plants if they crowd each other but close planting discourages weeds. The seeds are planted ¼ inch (6 mm) deep and thinning is done when the plants have three to four true leaves. You can also sow a crop for fall harvest if you choose a variety that has an early maturation date. Planting Chicory seed 75 to 85 days before anticipated harvest will ensure a late crop. Chicory plants that are to be forced for blanched leaves will need to have the roots dug up before the first frost. Cut the leaves to 1 inch (2.5 cm) and store the roots for three to seven weeks in the refrigerator before forcing. Plant the roots individually after chilling to force the leaves to grow in a tight, blanched head. Origin Native to Europe, and in North America and Australia.

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