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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月25日
Dummer. ゛☀
Scientific Name Cichorium endivia L. [图片]Common Names Endive, Cultivated Endive Synonyms Cichorium casnia, Cichorium crispum, Cichorium endivia f. endivia, Cichorium endivia var. endivia, Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia, Cichorium esculentum, Cichorium intybus var. endivia Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Cichorioideae Tribe: Cichorieae Subtribe: Cichoriinae Genus: Cichorium [图片]Flower Color: Blue Bloom Time: July to October Description Cichorium endivia is an annual or biennial, erect herb up to 5.6 feet (1.7 m) tall, with taproot, containing biter milky juice, producing a rosette of large leaves when young, these forming a lose head. It produces attractive pale blue flowers on stems that stand way above the leafy foliage. There is considerable confusion between C. endivia and Cichorium intybus. [图片]How to Grow and Care Seeds can be started indoors five to six weeks before they are moved outdoors. In warm climates, sowing outdoors or transplanting occurs September through March. Planting Chicory in cooler climates should be done three to four weeks before the danger of frost has passed. Sow Chicory seeds 6 to 10 inches (15 to 25 cm) apart in rows that are 2 to 3 feet (60 to 0) apart. You can always thin the plants if they crowd each other but close planting discourages weeds. The seeds are planted ¼ inch (6 mm) deep and thinning is done when the plants have three to four true leaves. You can also sow a crop for fall harvest if you choose a variety that has an early maturation date. Planting Chicory seed 75 to 85 days before anticipated harvest will ensure a late crop. Chicory plants that are to be forced for blanched leaves will need to have the roots dug up before the first frost. Cut the leaves to 1 inch (2.5 cm) and store the roots for three to seven weeks in the refrigerator before forcing. Plant the roots individually after chilling to force the leaves to grow in a tight, blanched head. Origin It is probably native to India, although there are other opinions, including that it hails from Egypt or China, or that it is a hybrid between Cichorium intybus and Cichorium pumilum, a wild species from Turkey and Syria.
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2017年09月25日
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月25日
Dummer. ゛☀
Scientific Name Chelidonium majus L. [图片]Common Names Celandine, Great Celandine, Greater Celandine, Tetterwort, Nipplewort, Swallowwort Synonyms Chelidonium cavaleriei, Chelidonium dahuricum, Chelidonium grandiflorum, Chelidonium haematodes, Chelidonium laciniatum, Chelidonium murale, Chelidonium olidum, Chelidonium quercifolium, Chelidonium ruderale, Chelidonium umbelliferum Scientific Classification Family: Papaveraceae Subfamily: Papaveroideae Tribe: Chelidonieae Genus: Chelidonium [图片]Flower Color: Yellow Bloom Time: Late spring to summer Description Chelidonium majus is a perennial herb, up to 3.9 feet (1.2 m) tall. The leaves are pinnate with lobed and wavy-edged margins, up to 11.8 inches (30 cm) long. The flowers consist of four yellow petals, each up to 0.4 inch (1 cm) long, with two sepals. The flowers appear from late spring to summer in umbelliform cymes of about 4 flowers. [图片]How to Grow and Care Greater Celandine will grow in almost any soil except waterlogged but it does like a reasonable amount of water. Ideal plant for part or full shade but it will grow in full sun in lower zones (6 and 7) provided it has moisture. Prefers a rich woodland soil in semi shade with decent moisture. It is an excellent choice for growing on partially shaded walls or in rock gardens provided there is a pocket of soil to establish its roots. It is a short lived perennial but it will self seed in suitable locations, sometimes aggressively and will take over thin woodland areas if left alone. Germination can be slow and erratic with some seeds taking up to twelve months to sprout. Can be sown in place in early spring or late fall. If choosing this approach keep weeds in the area to a minimum to allow seeds time to germinate and plants to establish. Once the first ones are established they often self seed and proliferate, but this can take several years to achieve. Seeds and also be started in pots. Origin Native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America.
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小九
2017年09月25日
小九
每年的三月是万物生长的月份,而最先洞察这一生机的便是虫子,惊蛰的原意便是天气回暖,春雷始鸣,惊醒蛰伏于地下冬眠的昆虫。所以在这三月里,家里种植多肉植物的花友,可能一个不小心就会在叶背株心发现熟悉的蚧壳虫,或者在一些正在绽放的多肉植物的花朵上发现闻蜜而来的蚜虫。三月是与虫斗争的重要一月,在这月份里,如果不稍加管管蚧壳虫,一旦到夏天放肆起来,看到不仅是它们四世同堂,更会加重黑腐病、烟煤病等病害的发生,而且夏天杀虫,由于高温强日照的关系,特别容易引发虫害。因此,三月是最好的防虫月份。 [图片]#蚧壳虫 是多肉植物最大的天敌,蚧壳虫之所以难以根治,在于其繁殖快,且体表会分泌蜡质还随身携带盾牌(蚧壳),对蚧壳虫特效的药物往往是乳油类型的,在渗透蚧壳虫的蜡质的同时也会腐蚀多肉植物的叶表,造成药害,所以网上可以看到不少使用了国光蚧必治,因为没控制好浓度的关系而痛哭流涕的。因此再大量喷药之前,千万不要心急,让介壳虫大快朵颐几天,多肉植物也不会怎么样,但是药物浓度过高了,重则溃烂至死,轻则破相。在正式喷药之前不妨拿一些对药物比较敏感的小型多肉,譬如虹之玉,姬胧月先做下实验,我个人使用的浓度是说明的最低浓度再小个百分二十左右。 1.可以在药店里买消毒酒精,浓度75%或者以上的,可以用毛笔蘸取适量酒精后反复擦拭虫害部位,就能把蚧壳虫除掉,且能除得十分干净、彻底,如果叶片过密,不好擦拭,可以直接用酒精淋受害严重的叶心部位,一般来说淋到的都会死,观察几天后,如果还有发现继续酒精用上,适合少数几颗多肉,蚧壳虫已经泛滥,叶心都已经被蚧壳虫密密麻麻。 2.还可以用水冲走,使用喷壶、或者自来水接上软管使用可调节喷嘴,将蚧壳虫冲走,虽然不能根治,但也可以有效控制虫害。 3.埋药,种植介质里埋一些呋喃丹或者拜耳小绿药,这些药物都具有一定的毒性,有些是禁用的,因此家里如果有小孩,还是算了。 [图片]如果还是要喷药,那么再强调一次,先拿一些体质较敏感的多肉植物做下试验,测试是否会形成药害,喷药的时间最好选择傍晚,这个季节里,乍暖还寒、忽冷忽热,喷药前多看天气预报,不要在最热的那天里喷药。喷药后不要雨淋或者浇水。另外蚧壳虫虽然有传染性,但经常会发现某一颗多肉密密麻麻都是蚧壳虫,而旁边的却没事,因此没必要一颗长虫,全部喷药,除非你确定喷药的浓度没事。 最后,再强调下,为什么三月是杀蚧壳虫的好时机。 蚧壳虫一般1年发生1~3代,少数4~5代,在若虫转变为成虫前,往往有1个中间期,这一阶段外形呆滞,有的甚至停止取食,这个时间一是每年的惊蛰前后,二是五月底~六月初。此时大多数若虫多孵化不久,体表尚未分泌蜡质,介壳更未形成,用药仍易杀死。 [图片]
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小九
2017年09月25日
小九
自从种了#多肉 ,夏天最憎恶的就是蚧壳虫了,轻则损坏多肉品相,重则导致多肉死去,多少爱肉人士恨不得杀之而后快。可惜作为赫赫有名的虫坚强,蚧壳虫可不是那么容易杀干净的。要么,没杀死,要么它死了,多肉也挂了。今天小九上网收集了关于利用蚊香杀蚧壳虫的方法。 利用蚊香杀蚧壳虫方法,应注意以下几点: 1.在封闭的小环境实行,刚好能容纳要薰杀的多肉植物空间就够了,封闭环境越小,效果越好,可以选择一些废弃的锅碗瓢盆啥的,也可以直接利用塑料袋将多肉保住,只要小心蚊香别烧到塑料袋就行。如果要薰杀的多肉植物比较多,可以找个大点的泡沫箱(水果店、菜市场一般两三块就可以买到),将多肉放进去,再拿东西盖住。 2.封闭环境小,蚊香三四cm就够了,越大则需要的蚊香越多。 3.薰杀的时间建议傍晚或者晚上,白天如果环境封闭,气温过高,对多肉植物可能也有些不良的影响。 4.薰杀后,建议把多肉身上被熏晕或者熏死的介壳虫弄下来,利用水冲掉、气吹吹掉、镊子拨掉等。 蚊香之所以能杀死蚧壳虫的真相是由于蚊香多含有除虫菊酯类农药,因为燃烧而高温挥发可以杀死或则驱赶一些昆虫,相对于薰直接购买除虫菊酯类的水溶性农药直接喷洒或者浇灌盆土,效果会更好,但可能出现浓度太高产生药害。注意!购买多肉植物杀虫药的时候尽量不要选择剂型是乳油的,它们破坏蚧壳虫蚧壳有奇效,但也很容易损及多肉植物的体表造成药害加剧。 蚊香小科普: 蚊香的成份有,有机磷类(敌百虫/毒死蜱/害虫敌)、氨基甲酸酯类(残杀威/混灭威)、菊酯类(氯氟醚菊酯/氯氰菊酯/丙炔菊酯/丙烯菊酯/ES生物菊酯),其中有机磷类毒性最大,菊酯类毒性最弱,为微毒。盘香的载体是碳粉、木屑等。 蚊香燃烧的烟里含有4类对人体有害的物质,即超细微粒(直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物质)、多环芳香烃(PAHs)、羰基化合物(如甲醛和乙醛)和苯。
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月25日
Dummer. ゛☀
Scientific Name Catharanthus trichophyllus (Baker) Pichon [图片]Synonyms Lochnera trichophylla, Vinca trichophylla Scientific Classification Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Catharanthus [图片]Flower Color: White, pink, red, or purple, with yellowish centers Bloom Time: From summer to frost Description Catharanthus trichophyllus is a perennial herb up to 3.3 feet (1 m) tall. It contains a white latex. The stems and branches are squared, winged, and reddish or purplish in color. The oppositely arranged leaves have hairy, pointed oval blades up to 3.4 inches (8.5 cm) long. They are each accompanied by several stipules. Flowers occur singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. The calyx is up to a 0.4 inch (1 cm) long and has 5 long, narrow lobes. The corolla has a tubular throat up to 0.8 inch (2 cm) long opening into five lobes each up to 0.7 inch (1.8 cm) long. The flowers may be white, pink, red, or purple, with yellowish centers. It has an unpleasant scent. The fruit is a pair of greenish or purplish follicles up to 2.8 inches (7 cm) long. Each contains 10 to 20 seeds. [图片]How to Grow and Care Madagascar Periwinkle is native to Madagascar but is cultivated and naturalized in most of the tropical world and in warmer climates in the United States. It can be found in a variety of woodland, forest and grassland locales, but one of its primary uses is a bedding plant in highway medians or commercial landscapes. Madagascar Periwinkle also makes a striking clumping plant for home gardens as ground cover, in beddings or edgings or in containers. Unlike many other plants, Madagascar Periwinkle is best suited for poor, well-drained soil and may even fail to thrive in soils that are too fertile. These plants need regular moisture but don’t do well with overhead watering. Madagascar Periwinkle is easily propagated with semi-ripe cuttings planted in light compost with bottom heat and high humidity, or by seeds kept in the dark at 71 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit (22 to 25 degrees Celsius) until germination. The leaves may curl during the heat of the day but recover with evening dew. The flowers drop off after blooming and don’t require deadheading. Origin It is endemic to Madagascar, where it is most common in northern regions.
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小九
2017年09月25日
小九
#柠檬 树长虫子了,可恶的虫子几乎把柠檬的叶子吃光了,抓了虫不出半个月又出来了啃叶子了,它们到底躲在什么地方,有什么办法根治吗? 小九想说的是,病虫害防治要采用农业防治、生物防治和药剂防治等综合方法把病源、虫源控制在最低水平: [图片]1、农业防治: 增施农家肥,增强树体的抵抗力,勤除杂草清洁园地,消灭病虫寄主,勤修剪枯枝、病枝、虫枝,以防病虫蔓延。 2、生物防治: 果园养鸡、鸭、蜂有一定防治效果。 3、药剂防治: 以防为主,以治为辅,了解病情、掌握虫情,看准时期,对症下药。各大片区要统一喷药防治,农药要轮换使用。 当然,见效最快治理方法最好的当然是根据柠檬树的病虫害来对症下药啦,具体的问题还是需要具体分析的,根据不同的病虫害采取不同的防治方法才是最好的选择,下面花匠大叔可以为您介绍一下柠檬树常见的虫害及其防治方法: 1、柠檬蚧壳虫 危害与发生:树枝密集、互相荫蔽的果园容易发生蚧壳虫,蚧壳虫主要集中在叶背、果实表面吸汁,虫体颜色有红褐色、白色、黑色等,形状有圆形、点形、棉花形状等,多种蚧壳虫发生的果园,煤烟病比较严重。 [图片]防治方法:①合理修剪,保持果树通风透气。②注意虫害发生初期防治,在每年的3—5月预防最好,可选用噻嗪酮600—800倍、速扑杀1000—1500倍、石硫合剂300倍。 2、柠檬蚜虫、粉虱 危害与发生:在柠檬新梢、新叶抽出后,蚜虫集中在叶背吸汁,造成新叶卷起,不能正常生长,蚜虫常见颜色为深绿色、黑色,蚜虫发生危害时,常有蚂蚁出现和煤烟病发生,粉虱的发生也是在新梢、新叶抽出后,喜欢在嫩叶背面吸汁,惊动易飞,会造成叶片发育不良,大量发生时引起煤烟病爆发,粉虱有白粉虱和黑刺粉虱两种,成虫喜阴暗,迁飞能力强,常在树冠内部幼嫩叶边产卵,卵成白色小粒状。 防治方法:①合理修剪,保持果树通风透气,合理出芽留梢,避免粉虱、蚜虫的发生。②合理选用农药,在蚜虫、粉虱发生时可选用下列农药喷施:好年冬1000倍,70%吡虫啉2000—2500倍,万灵2000倍,啶虫咪1000—1500倍,1.8%阿维菌素2000倍。 3、柠檬潜叶蛾 危害与发生:潜叶蛾是柠檬苗木、幼树和成年树嫩梢的重要害虫,以幼虫为害新梢嫩叶,潜入嫩叶表皮下取食叶肉,形成银白色弯曲的隧道,在中央形成一条黑线,由于虫道蜿蜒曲折,导致新叶卷缩,硬化,叶片脱落,春、夏、秋梢发生严重,叶片受害后会引起溃疡病的发生,该虫又叫画图虫、鬼画符。 防治方法:①合理控梢放芽,统一放梢,切断害虫食物链。②新梢出1—2cm时,每隔7天喷药一次至梢停为止,使用农药有:三氟氯氰菊脂3000—3500倍,万灵2000—2500倍,阿维菌素2500—3000倍,克蛾宝2000—2500倍,防治成虫应在傍晚喷药,潜入叶内的幼虫应在午后喷药。 4、柠檬红蜘蛛 为害与发生:红蜘蛛以成螨和若螨在树冠外膛,用口器刺破叶片、嫩梢及果实的表皮,吮吸汁液,受害叶片表面呈现许多密集白点,叶片失绿,失去光泽,严重时整树叶变灰白,引起落叶,红蜘蛛一年发生15—20代,世代重叠,此虫喜光,故树冠上层枝叶虫只密度较大,以春秋两季发生最为严重。红蜘蛛大小如针眼,色暗红。 [图片]防治方法:①检查虫情,螨卵3—4头时应及时防治。②冬季清园喷1.5—2度石硫合剂+敌百虫+尼索郎,以起到长期预防作用。③农药防治:在每次红蜘蛛发生时(2—3头)应用1.8%阿维菌素2000—3000倍,螨园清1200—1500倍,灭扫利2000—3000,73%炔螨特2000—3000倍。 5、柠檬锈壁虱 为害与发生:锈壁虱喜荫蔽,在树冠内以成螨、若螨群集果面、叶片及嫩梢上为害,刺破表皮细胞,吮吸汁液,果实被害后,皮变黑褐色,粗糙,俗称麻果、黑皮果,严重时引起落叶,一年发生15—20代,世代重叠,春季发生最为严重。 防治方法:①检查虫情,在幼果有白色小粉点时防治。②在锈壁虱发生时选下列农药喷施:1.8%阿维菌素2000—3000倍,螨园清1200—1500倍,灭扫利2000—3000,73%炔螨特2000—3000倍。
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小九
2017年09月25日
小九
#红薯 黑斑病是红薯的主要病害,从苗期到储藏期都可能发生,很容易引起死苗、烂床、烂窖等现象,对红薯种植户来说很容易造成严重的损失,因此要保障红薯生产最重要的环节就是彻底消灭黑斑病!下面为您介绍红薯黑斑病的症状和防治方法。 [图片]不同时期红薯黑斑病的主要症状: 薯苗染病初期幼茎地下部分或茎基部产生梭形或长圆形稍凹陷的黑斑,逐渐向地上蔓延,成为纵长病斑,继续扩大使幼苗茎基部全部变黑。病苗定植不久,叶片变黄,植株矮小,最后病株地下部腐烂。薯块染病初病部呈圆形或近圆形凹陷膏药状病斑,坚实且轮廓清晰,中部生灰色霉层或黑色毛状物,严重时病斑融合成不规则形。病菌深入薯肉下层,使薯肉变成黑绿色,味苦。病部木质化、坚硬、干腐,且病薯含有毒物质(莨菪素),不能食用。 [图片]红薯黑斑病防治方法: 1、培育无病壮苗:实行种薯消毒,清除所带病原菌,并尽量用新苗床育苗。用旧苗床时应将旧土全部清除,并喷药消毒。施用无菌肥料。育苗初期,可用高温处理种薯,促进愈伤组织木栓化的形成,阻止病菌从伤口侵入。 2、选用抗病品种或选用无病种薯:可采用以下几种途径和方法得到无病种薯。 (1)无病留种田。要求秧苗、土壤、粪肥不带菌,并注意防止农事操作传入病菌。 (2)精选种薯。种薯出窖后,育苗前要严格剔除有病、有伤、受冻的薯块。 (3)安全贮藏。留种薯块应适时收获、严防冻伤,精选入窖,避免损伤。种薯入窖后进行高温处理,35~37℃4昼夜,相对湿度保持90%,以促进伤口愈合,防止病菌感染。 3、合理轮作 选择抗病能力强的优良品种,建立无病留种地;育苗前用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂加新高脂膜800倍液浸种5分钟处理好种薯,对于移栽前的幼苗可用50%乙基托布津500倍液加新高脂膜800倍液浸苗10分钟,进一步杀菌。 4、加强管理 严格执行检疫制度。严禁从病区调运种薯、种苗。适时中耕保墒,合理追肥,并喷施新高脂膜800倍液保护肥效,在红薯分枝结薯期后适时喷洒地果壮蒂灵,以有效控制地表上层枝叶狂长,加速地下块茎超快膨大,增强抗御虫害能力,确保红薯的优质高效和丰收。 5、药剂防治 发病初期应根据植保要求喷施针对性药剂(如50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、75%白菌清500倍液)进行灭杀,每隔7-10天1次,连喷3-4次;并配合喷施新高脂膜800倍液增强药效,巩固防治效果。
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月25日
Dummer. ゛☀
Scientific Name Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don [图片]Common Names Madagascar Periwinkle, Periwinkle, Rosy Periwinkle, Teresita, Annual Vinca Synonyms Vinca rosea (basionym), Ammocallis rosea, Catharanthus roseus var. roseus, Hottonia littoralis, Lachnea rosea, Lochnera rosea, Pervinca rosea, Vinca gulielmi-waldemarii, Vinca speciosa Scientific Classification Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Catharanthus [图片]Flower Color: White to dark pink with a darker red center Bloom Time: From summer to frost Description Catharanthus roseus is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant growing up to 3.3 feet (1 m) tall. The leaves are oval to oblong, up to 3.6 inches (9 cm) long and up to 2 inches (3.5 cm) broad, glossy green, hairless, with a pale midrib and a short petiole up to 0.7 inch (1.8 cm) long. They are arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are white to dark pink with a darker red center, with a basal tube up to 1.2 inches (3 cm) long and a corolla up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter with five petal-like lobes. The fruit is a pair of follicles up to 1.6 inches (4 cm) long. [图片]How to Grow and Care Madagascar Periwinkle is native to Madagascar but is cultivated and naturalized in most of the tropical world and in warmer climates in the United States. It can be found in a variety of woodland, forest and grassland locales, but one of its primary uses is a bedding plant in highway medians or commercial landscapes. Madagascar Periwinkle also makes a striking clumping plant for home gardens as ground cover, in beddings or edgings or in containers. Unlike many other plants, Madagascar Periwinkle is best suited for poor, well-drained soil and may even fail to thrive in soils that are too fertile. These plants need regular moisture but don’t do well with overhead watering. Madagascar Periwinkle is easily propagated with semi-ripe cuttings planted in light compost with bottom heat and high humidity, or by seeds kept in the dark at 71 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit (22 to 25 degrees Celsius) until germination. The leaves may curl during the heat of the day but recover with evening dew. The flowers drop off after blooming and don’t require deadheading. Origin Native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月25日
Dummer. ゛☀
Scientific Name Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose [图片]Common Names Saguaro, Saguaro Cactus, Sahuaro, Giant Cactus, Sage of the Desert Synonyms Cereus giganteus (basionym), Pilocereus engelmannii, Pilocereus giganteus Scientific Classification Family: Cactaceae Subfamily: Cactoideae Tribe: Echinocereeae Genus: Carnegiea [图片]Flower Color: White Bloom Time: April to June Description Carnegiea gigantea is a tall, tree-like, columnar in form cactus, up to 65 feet (20 m) tall. The ribbed stem can reach up to 2.5 feet (75 cm) in diameter. It is the largest columnar cactus native to the United States but is extremely slowly-growing, reaching only 0.24 inch (0.6 cm) tall after two years. It flowers once it has reached about 30–35 years of age and a height of about 6.6 feet (2 m). The first branches appear after it has reached a height of about 16.5 feet (5 m) and an age of 50 – 70 years. The white flowers appear just below the top of the stem and they are up to 5 inches (12.5 cm) long and up to 2.4 inches (6 cm) in diameter. The edible, red, fleshy fruits are up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long. The Saguaro blossom is the State Wildflower of Arizona. [图片]How to Grow and Care Saguaro cactus needs to grow in well-drained grit and receive low levels of water, with the soil drying out completely between irrigation. Annually fertilizing with cactus food in spring will help the plant complete its growth cycle. There are common cactus pests, such as scale and mealybugs, that will require manual or chemical controls.It is not legal to procure a Saguaro cactus for home cultivation by digging it out of the desert. Beyond that, mature Saguaro cactus plants almost always die when transplanted. Origin Native to the Sonoran Desert in the United States state of Arizona, the Mexican state of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains and Imperial County areas of California.
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