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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
The flowers of orchids (Orchidaceae) last several weeks or several months, depending on the orchid species. Tropical orchids bloom in a variety of colors, ranging from white through reds, pinks, yellows and all mixtures between. An orchid needs treatment different than other types of houseplants, but encouraging an orchid's natural blooming tendencies is not difficult once it is on a basic care routine. [图片]Container and Potting Medium An orchid grows well in either a clay or plastic pot. A clay pot allows easier absorption of oxygen to the plant. The hole on the pot's bottom can be enlarged to ensure adequate drainage.Orchids do not thrive in garden soil and do not bloom well when planted in an ordinary houseplant potting medium. The thick, fleshy roots of an orchid attach themselves to tree bark in the plant's natural growing environment. The roots absorb nutrients from the air and bark rather than from soil. Use a commercially prepared orchid potting medium that contains chopped tree fern fiber, volcanic rock,charcoal, peat moss, fir bark or a combination of these to ensure healthy growth and blooming(ref.1). Light Level The American Orchid Society identifies lack of sufficient light as the most frequent cause of an orchid's failure to bloom. Orchid leaves are light, grassy green with yellow undertones when they receive sufficient light. Dark-green leaves indicate the plant does not receive enough light. Cymbidium (Cymbidium spp.) variety orchids, which are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture zones 9 through 10 are often grown in the dappled shade of large trees.(new ref. in comments box) An east- or south-facing window with bright filtered light provides the optimum environment for a blooming orchid. Too much direct sunlight causes burn spots on the leaves. A sheer curtain can be used to create desirable shade. Move the orchid closer to or farther from the window to manipulate the amount of light the plant receives. [图片]Air and Water Orchid roots must have freely circulating air with gentle flowing movement. A stagnant atmosphere discourages healthy growth and bloom development. An overhead paddle fan set on the lowest speed, an open window or a slow-moving fan across the room move air sufficiently for orchid health. A fan should be directed away from the plant. An orchid thrives with once-a-week watering, unless it dries out sooner. A plastic pot feels lighter when its potting medium is dry than when it is wet, and a clay pot feels dry to the touch when its potting medium is dry. When watering, soak the potting medium thoroughly so water runs out the bottom of the pot. Thorough soaking flushes out salts that accumulated. Fertilizer Schedule Most orchid species have their bloom cycles in late winter or spring. They grow and flower for fairly long periods of time without fertilizer but produce more blooms when fertilized regularly.Use a water-soluble or granulated type commercial fertilizer specially formulated for orchids. A balanced 20-20-20 formula is recommended by the American Orchid Society(ref.3). Mix 1/4 teaspoon to one gallon of room-temperature water. Moisten the surface and roots only, not the foliage. Allow the water to run through the potting material and out the drainage hole. (see new ref. in comments section) A feeding schedule of every two weeks during active growth phases and every four weeks during rest cycles. Reduce water after spring flowering until new growth appears.
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2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Growing orchids indoors brings a touch of the tropics into your home. These perennial beauties crave the humidity and light of their native jungle environments, but they're far from fussy when grown inside. Species from the Phalaenopsis, Cattleya and Dendrobium genus are commonly grown as houseplants. It's smart to start with an established plant, which should be planted in a pot with drainage holes containing fir tree bark chips, sphagnum moss, tree fern fiber or other similar materials suited for tropical orchid growth. Provide them with warmth, sunlight, and a regular watering schedule to ensure these exotic flowers thrive and bloom in your home. [图片]Increase Humidity Place an established, potted orchid on a tray of pebbles covered to the top in water. This increases humidity for the orchid, which is necessary for successful blooming. Alternatively, keep a humidifier in the room near the orchid. Humidity should be around 50 percent for epiphytic orchids. Provide Lots of Light Place the orchid in a well-lit window, preferably facing east or south to let in the ideal light intensity. Watch the leaf color to determine whether your orchid is receiving too much or too little light; dark green indicates that the orchid needs more light, while yellow leaves are receiving too much sun. Orchids may be protected from intense light with a sheer curtain. You can also grow orchids under artificial light -- specifically four fluorescent tubes that are 4 feet long and placed 6 inches apart. Set the orchids 6 to 8 inches under the tubes, and keep the tubes lit for 14 to 16 hours every day. Keep the Temperature Comfortable Keep the temperature range between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit for the orchid. The good news is that this is a typical room temperature comfortable for humans, so it shouldn't be hard to live with your orchid. Just make sure the orchid doesn't become overheated or chilled next to the window glass during the heat of midday or on cold nights. Water Once a Week Water the orchid thoroughly in tepid water once a week, preferably by the afternoon to allow the foliage to dry before nightfall in case it accidentally gets splashed. Allow the water to drain afterwards; waterlogging can kill orchids faster than a period of mild drought. In between waterings, let the orchid's potting materials dry out until they feel almost dry to the touch. This is important for all kinds of orchids, including black orchids (Coelogyne pandurata). Fertilize Once or Twice a Month As a general rule, fertilize twice a month during growth periods and once a month during rest periods. Choose a water-soluble, balanced fertilizer formulated specifically for orchids, such as a 20-20-20 blend which has an equal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Orchids grown in bark need a higher ratio of nitrogen, such as a 30-10-10 or 15-5-5 blend. One orchid fertilizer recommends 1/4 teaspoon per gallon of water, but always follow label directions. Every month, water pot thoroughly to flush out any accumulated salts.
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2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
It is time to transplant your orchid when the roots are growing over the side of the pot or the lower leaves have died and weakened the center stem. The plant has either become too big for the container or the potting medium has broken down and no longer supports the plant. Always wait for an orchid to finish blooming before transplanting. [图片]Transplanting Materials Gather together new potting medium, hand-held pruners and a pot one size bigger than its present container. The potting medium must be fast-draining and also water-retentive. Commercial orchid potting medium contains volcanic rock, coconut fiber, tree bark, charcoal or a combination of these. Aliflor is an expanding clay medium that is often used in orchid mixes. Bark-based potting medium drains well but breaks down easily. Peat-based material retains moisture well but must be replaced yearly. Choose either clay or plastic pots for your orchid. Ensure the hand-held pruners are sterilized with alcohol before using, to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria. Remove Orchid From Pot Grasp the orchid plant by the main stem and gently remove it from the overturned pot. A very root-bound plant will be difficult to shake loose, and sometimes the pot needs to be broken. Remove all of the old potting medium by shaking the plant and picking the medium out from between the roots. Do not reuse any of this material in the transplant process. Gently wash off the orchid roots with water to remove fine particles. Pull off dead or weak lower leaves and pull off plant tissue at the leaf juncture. Prune all shriveled roots carefully with hand-held pruners, being careful not to cut healthy growth. Dead tissue is hollow when squeezed or wiry looking. New Pot Choose a plastic or clay pot that will accommodate the entire root system comfortably. Cover the bottom of the pot with a thin layer of potting mix. Place the plant in the pot with the lower leaves slightly above the rim. Place and push potting material in the spaces between the roots, pressing gently as you go. Ensure the bottom leaves remain slightly above the pot rim. Tap the pot gently to settle the materials and add more if needed to fill the space. Experienced orchid gardeners add a label to each plant indicating its name and bloom time. [图片]Water and Ongoing Care An orchid needs to be soaked thoroughly after it has been transplanted to a new pot. Always use tepid water and soak long enough so all the planting material is wet. Allow the pot to drain completely and empty the drip pan so the roots do not continue to absorb water through the drainage hole. Orchids are watered once a week after the transplant. Fertilize monthly with 1/2-strength commercial orchid fertilizer during summer and fall. Do not fertilize during the spring flowering cycle.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Most orchids these days are propagated by methods that would be difficult or impossible for the home gardener, including mericloning or the raising of seedlings in sterile flasks. Fortunately, many orchids also can be reproduced by easier means, including stem cuttings, back-bulb cuttings, top cuttings and keiki cuttings. To take cuttings, you'll need either a sharp knife or pruning shears. Disinfect these tools between cuts by dipping their blades in a solution of 1 part bleach to 9 parts water. [图片]Stem Cuttings For stem cuttings, you need a waterproof tray about 3 inches deep. Fill it either with damp sphagnum moss, damp sand or a mix of both. Then clip a cane that's at least 10 inches long, severing it near the orchid's base and just above a node, which is a leaf joint. Cut the cane into pieces that retain at least two nodes each, and coat the raw ends of the pieces with a powdered antifungal such as charcoal, cinnamon or sulfur. After laying the pieces horizontally on top of the medium in the tray, press them only lightly into it so that their surfaces remain uncovered. Encase the tray in a transparent plastic bag and place it in a warm location where it will receive bright light but no direct sun. In about three to four months, some of the cuttings may send up new plantlets from the nodes. This method can work for Dendrobium, Phaius and Epidendrum (all hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 12), or Ludisia and Thunia (both hardy in USDA zones 11 through 12) orchids, though the success rate may be low for some species. Back-Bulb Cuttings Pseudobulbs are the swollen bases of stems on the types of orchids that grow via horizontal rhizomes. Eventually the leaves drop off the oldest "bulbs." Although a bare-back bulb may appear worthless, it generally has dormant eyes peeking up from around its base. To force these eyes into growth, snip the rhizome connecting the back bulb to the rest of the orchid plant, using sterile pruning shears or a knife. Plant the bulb in a pot of fine orchid bark with its eyes just above the surface. If you position the pot in bright, indirect light, watering it as you would the parent plant, the bulb may begin to sprout and put down roots in a few weeks. [图片]This should work for most orchids that make pseudobulbs, such as Cattleya (USDA zones 10 through 12) and Cymbidium (USDA zones 9 through 11) -- except for Odontoglossum (USDA zones 10 through 12), whose eyes lose viability quickly. Top Cuttings For orchids that produce lots of aerial roots on their stems, such as Epidendrum (USDA zones 9 or 10 through 12) and Vanda (USDA zone 12), you can simply remove and replant a cane that has grown too tall. When detaching it, find a node that is surrounded by aerial roots, both above and below. Cut beneath the node, so the cutting is already rooted when removed. Pot it in the same type of medium in which it originally grew, with the node and its accompanying roots beneath the surface. The cutting will need a stake for support until its roots take hold to anchor it in place. Keiki Cuttings A keiki -- Hawaiian for "baby" -- is a plantlet that may sometimes form on a stem or near the base of an orchid. Allow it to continue growing on the parent plant until it has roots at least 1 inch long and two or three leaves. Water the parent plant on the day before you plan to remove the keiki. Then cut its stem beneath the roots and plant it in a pot of fine orchid bark, keeping its roots near the surface. Keikis may appear on Epidendrum, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis (USDA zones 11 through 12) or Vanda orchids and should bloom about 1 1/2 to 3 years after their appearance.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Burn spots on leaves, dark-green or weak leaves, a weak center stem and failure to bloom are all signs that an orchid (Orchidaceae) is failing to thrive. It is not yet dead, though, and can return to blooming with a correct diagnosis of its problem and a few simple steps to correct it. [图片]Diagnose the Problem Healthy orchid leaves are grassy green with yellow undertones. Dark-green leaves are a symptom of not enough light exposure. White or brown dry areas on orchid leaves indicate sunburn. The sun damage is irreversible in small or large areas that turn black. Sun-damaged spots do not harm the plant's health or flowering, but continued exposure to excessive light continues the damage. Overwatering causes root rot because the roots are not able to absorb enough oxygen when full of water. The symptoms include swollen, soft roots and wrinkled leaves. Underwatering turns roots white and makes the plant susceptible to diseases. Brown-tipped orchid leaves and inhibited growth indicate overfertilization. A weak center stem and wilted lower leaves may indicate the plant is simply too crowded and needs to be repotted. A pot-bound orchid also may have weak leaves, or its roots may spill over its pot's side. Lessen Sun Damage and Overwatering Sunburn spots are alleviated easily by reducing the amount of direct sunlight that falls onto the orchid. Orchids grow best with a south- or east-facing window exposure. Use a sheer curtain to increase shade. [图片]Water the plant's potting medium only one time per week if root rot is the problem, and ensure the potting medium has not disintegrated. Orchids available in markets and garden centers are often grown in peat moss mixtures that disintegrate after one or two seasons. Peat moss becomes sodden and retains water easily. Water should drain quickly out of the plant container's bottom after the potting medium has been soaked thoroughly. Feed the Plant "Fertilize weakly, weekly" is the standard advice from many orchid growers. Revitalize an underfertilized or overfertilized plant by putting it on a healthy feeding schedule. Either commercial orchid fertilizer in granulated or liquid form, or houseplant fertilizer is beneficial. Choose a 20-20-20 formula that has little or no urea, which may attract bacterial growth. Dilute the fertilizer's label-recommended dosage to ¼ strength by mixing it with water, and use it weekly. Always fertilize after the plant's soil has been thoroughly soaked with water to avoid root burn. Repot a Crowded Plant A pot-bound orchid comes to life again when it is put in a larger container and given new potting material. Repotting alleviates potential disease problems and encourages healthy growth. Choose a clay or plastic container one size bigger than the present one. Ensure the container has bottom drainage holes. Commercial growing material for orchids is either bark-based or peat moss-based. The nutrients in either of those types help to revive an orchid that is not blooming or has weak leaf development. Shake off all the old potting material as you replant the orchid. Cut off roots that are dry and shriveled or white and swollen, leaving ones that are firm to the touch.
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2017年08月11日
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The orchid family (Orchidaceae) includes approximately 600 genera and about 30,000 natural species worldwide. Orchids thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 1 through 13, depending on the species, but most houseplants are tropical orchids. These exotic-looking plants have earned a reputation as being difficult to grow, but many are surprisingly easy to care for. Lighting and watering needs vary, but most orchids require fertilizer high in both potassium and calcium. Making your own orchid fertilizer from common household items is quick and easy. [图片]Eggshells and Chicken Bones In two vital ways, chickens provide orchids with the nutrients they need to grow. Both eggshells and chicken bones contain high amounts of the calcium and potassium that orchids crave. Wash and dry eggshells and crush them with a mortar and pestle to create fertilizer for orchids. Dried chicken bones require the same technique, but are a little more difficult to process. Once you've created the crushed mixture, sprinkle it over the orchid's bark mixture. Don’t Throw Out Cooking Water The cooking water from both potatoes and rice provides valuable nutrients to orchids. While rice water provides a good source of vitamin B, potato water contains calcium and potassium. Save the water from cooking potatoes and rice and store it in the fridge. Apply the water to orchids every two weeks. Milk, Molasses and Epsom Salt Ordinary cow's milk provides a good source of protein for your orchids, but dilute it first -- 1 part milk to 4 parts water -- or get into the habit of rinsing out your milk carton with water and using it to water your orchids every two weeks. Molasses gives your orchids a boost of potassium. Mix a teaspoon of molasses to a quart or two of water and use it when you water your orchids. Mixing a teaspoon of Epsom salt in two quarts of water gives your orchids a boost of magnesium – but use caution not to use scented Epsom salt sold as foot wash. Look for Epsom salt in the gardening section of your home improvement center. Oak Leaves and Teabags [图片]Oak leaves and teabags, which are high in nitrogen can be used as natural fertilizer to boost orchid growth. Oak leaves need to be brewed -- 1 part water to 2 parts leaves -- for about two weeks in the sun to create liquid fertilizer. Water your orchids with the brewed oak-leaf tea once a month. Open teabags and sprinkle the contents on the soil of your orchid plants once a month during the growing season. Easy Does It Orchids are light feeders and do not require frequent fertilizer. While homemade orchid fertilizers provide them with the nutrients they need to thrive, heavy applications may harm your orchids. Try one or two remedies at a time and use the health of your orchids as your guide to fertilizer application. Signs of over-fertilization include a white crust on top of the bark, leaf tips dying and roots that turn black. Always flush your pot monthly with water to remove the build up of salt from fertilizers. Homemade fertilizers may not give your orchid all the NPK nutrients it requires for proper health. If signs of poor health occur that are not from over-fertilizing, supplement with a water-soluble 20-20-20 blend, mixed at one teaspoon per gallon of water and apply monthly.
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2017年08月11日
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Orchids have a reputation for being difficult and laborious to care for, but do not let that discourage you from keeping the plants in your home or greenhouse. Most of the orchids on the mainstream market today are hybrid varieties, bred specifically for beauty combined with ease of care. [图片]Location If you do not have a greenhouse or a conservatory, place orchids on a windowsill. If you see that the leaves are reddening at the edges or have become pale and yellow, the orchid is getting too much light. Move it to a shadier spot. You will know when the level of light is good because the orchid's leaves will stay glossy and green. During the summer months, keep orchids outside in indirect sun. Remember to water them regularly, and occasionally feed them with an orchid fertilizer. Moisture Orchids thrive in a humid atmosphere and they must have excellent ventilation around their roots. Never re-pot your orchid in regular soil---you need a special orchid mix and special pots with air vents. If you live in a dry climate, it will help to sit your orchids on a tray of pebbles. Keep a shallow layer of water around the pebbles, but make sure the orchid's roots are never submerged. The water moistens the air around the orchid. To replicate humid conditions, spritz the orchid with water regularly. Temperature [图片]Orchids generally can not tolerate temperatures lower than 50 degrees. If your orchids are kept outside during warmer months, wait until nighttime temperatures have dropped into the 50s, as the colder air promotes the growth of new stems and blooms. Because orchids thrive in temperatures up to around 85 degrees, in most climates it is unlikely to become too hot for them indoors. When temperatures are high, increase the amount and frequency of watering. In hot climates, look for heat-tolerant orchids like Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium.
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2017年08月11日
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Orchids are becoming easier to find and cheaper to buy. It is not uncommon to find them now in grocery stores and garden centers ready to take home in full bloom. After you bring it home, follow some basic steps to keep the orchid alive and healthy in your home environment. [图片]Step 1 Place the orchid in a room with bright filtered light. If close to a window, close the curtains when the light comes in on the plant or move it to a different spot. Direct sunlight can cause damage, but inadequate light is the most common reason orchids fail to bloom. Orchids need about 10 to 15 hours of light per day, which can also be from an artificial light source. Move farther from windows in hotter summer and colder winter days. Turn the pot one-quarter turn at each watering to balance light and growth. Step 2 Maintain the temperature in a range between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperatures that are comfortable for people in a home are also good for orchids. Place the pot where it will have good ventilation but no cold drafts. Be aware of drafts from doors in the winter and move the plant to a more protected spot if needed. Don't keep it too warm in winter around heaters. Orchids prefer 60 F in winter and need a rest. Step 3 Water the orchid with distilled or rain water. Orchids don't do well with hard water and minerals will build up on the potting medium. To be extra sure about purity of water, it can be boiled to sterilize and kill any fungal or bacterial contaminants. Water once per week. Touch the growing medium to see if it feels moist and water if dry. Let water drain through and out of the pot. When the orchid is blooming and actively growing, the pot can be immersed in the water for 30 minutes to allow the bark to soak up more water and then drain well. In the summer, this would be good at every other week waterings opposite feedings. Step 4 Apply a balanced liquid all-purpose fertilizer at one-half the strength suggested on the label. Orchids growing in bark should receive a fertilizer higher in nitrogen, such as 30-10-10. Fertilize during one or two of the watering days per month. Fertilizer formulas are also available specifically for growing orchids. Orchids are epiphytic and get nutrients from the air and watering. The use of lower-strength fertilizer and allowing it to drain well prevents the buildup of salts and minerals in the medium. [图片]Step 5 Adjust the humidity to keep it in the range of 60 to 70 percent around the plant. This can be done by placing a bowl of water next to the plant or setting the pot on a dish with water and pebbles inside. Keep the pot and aerial roots out of standing water. Green florists foam is a good choice to put in the bottom of a decorator pot and then set the orchid in its own pot on top. The foam will absorb and evaporate the excess water around the plant without standing stagnant water. Step 6 Use a lightweight soilless potting medium that is able to hold moisture. One suggested mix is one part peat moss, one part charcoal and two parts of 1/2-inch pine bark. Many garden centers and nurseries sell orchid potting medium mixes and mesh baskets for planting orchids. A mesh pot or basket provides ventilation to prevent rot. Allow the aerial roots to hang outside the pot to prevent rot.
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2017年08月11日
Miss Chen
Orchids are considered one of the most enigmatic plants and can be intimidating to grow at home. Consisting of single blooms on a single stalk, the delicate flower is a sight to behold. Once the petals drop, you are left with a lonely, empty stem. With consistent care, it is possible to encourage the plant to flower again. [图片]Immediately After Blooming When the last flower drops from your orchid plant, it is time to begin a care and maintenance routine that will help your plant bloom again. Begin by trimming the spent stalk back by half. Cut with a clean, sharp blade and seal the cut with melted wax to prevent bacterial infection. Encouraging Rebloom [图片]The plant will typically send out new growth near the cut site. Continue your watering and fertilizing schedule to encourage rebloom. Most orchids grown in the home should be watered every 5 to 12 days, depending on the medium it is grown in and the current season. Orchids typically fall into one of three categories for watering needs: those that require consistently moist (but not soggy) soil; those that prefer moist soil but should dry out between watering; and those that perform best when the soil is kept nearly dry. Check the packaging included when you purchased your orchid to determine which watering schedule to follow. Fertilizer should be applied once per month. Inadequate fertilization can stunt growth and affect blooms. Fertilizing too often can burn the roots and leaves. Keep the plant in a location that receives strong but indirect light; a south-facing window is ideal. Monitor leaf color to determine if your orchid is receiving the proper amount of light. A plant receiving too little light will have dark green leaves, while one receiving too much light will present reddish-green leaves. Ideal light conditions will cause bright green leaves to appear. Be consistent in your care routine and patient with your orchid. Orchids are notoriously slow-growing and the rebloom may take place up to one year after the new growth appears.
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