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Miss Chen
2018年01月29日
Miss Chen
[图片]水仙，又名凌波仙子。在百花凋零的寒冬季节，水仙却能靠一勺清水、几粒石子生根发芽、开花报春，以亭亭玉立的风姿、沁人心脾的芬芳给人们带来盎然的春意。 水仙花多为水养，其产地主要分布于我国东南沿海温暖、湿润地区，以福建漳州、厦门及上海崇明岛的最为有名。每年春节，能工巧匠们创作出的形态各异的水仙盆景雕刻艺术，且能依照人们的愿望，在预定的期间里开放，给新年、春节等节日增添了不少光彩。 [图片]水仙花的养殖方法 水仙性喜阳光、温暖，要求空气湿度大，不甚耐寒，且怕炎热，营养生长期需要湿润而又不积水的沙质的土壤。水仙和其他宿类多年生草本花卉不同，它具有秋季开始生长，冬天开花，春季贮藏养分，夏季休眠的特点，栽培水仙有水培法和土培法两种方法。 1、水仙花水培法 水培法即用浅盆水浸法培养，将经催芽处理后的水仙直立放入水仙浅盆中，加水淹没鳞茎三分之一的为宜，盆中可用石英砂、鹅卵石等将鳞茎固定。 ①白天水仙盆要放置在阳光充足的地方，晚上移入室内，并将盆内的水倒掉，以控制叶片徒长。次日晨再加入清水，注意不要移动鳞茎的方向。刚上盆时，水仙可每日换一次水，以后每2-3天换一次，花苞形成后，每周换一次水。水仙在10-15度环境下生长良好，约45天即可开花，花期可保持月余。 ②水仙水养期间，特别要给予充足的光照，白天要放在向阳处，晚间可放在灯光下。这样可防止水仙茎叶徒长，而使水仙叶短宽厚、茁壮，叶色浓绿，花开香浓。水养水仙，一般不需要施肥，如有条件，在开花期间稍施一些速效磷肥，花可开得更好。 ③养水仙不需任何花肥，只用清水即可。为使水仙生长健壮，白天应拿到阳台晒太阳。如果想推迟花期，可采取降低水温的办法，或者采取傍晚把盆水倒尽，次日清晨，再加清水的做法。此外，如果节前10天看不到饱满花苞，可采用给水加温的方法催花，水温以接近体温为宜。 只要掌握了水仙养护的条件，就可以“花随人意开”；否则就会推迟，甚至光长叶不开花。 2、水仙花土培法 ①土培法家庭较少采用，即利用大多数润土花卉的培养法来栽培水仙。于10月中、下旬，用肥沃的沙质土壤把大块鳞茎栽入小呈有孔的花盆中，栽入一半露出一半，鳞下面应事先垫一些细沙，以利排水。把花盆置于阳光充足、温度适宜的室内。以4至12℃为好，温度过低容易发生冻害，温度过高再加之光照不足，容易陡长，植株细弱，开花时间短暂，降低观赏价值。管理中如果满足光照和温度的要求，则叶片肥大，花莛粗壮，因而能使花朵开得大，芳香持久。土培水仙，可在开花前追施二至三次液肥。 ②水仙花因气候条件有限，不能自行繁殖。栽培水仙，如果没有什么病虫危害，不需要洒药。冬季水培水仙，温度、光照、给水是水仙能否开花的三要素。水仙生长要求有充足的阳光；适宜温度为12℃－15℃；干净的水。
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Miss Chen
2018年01月29日
Miss Chen
[图片]元旦至春节恰好是山茶花盛开的季节，树姿优美，色彩缤纷，具有很高的观赏价值。一般选购叶片嫩绿有光泽的植株为好。山茶花花姿丰盈，端庄高雅，为中国传统十大名花之一，也是世界名花之一。 [图片]茶花的生长习性 茶花惧风喜阳、地势高爽、空气流通、温暖湿润、排水良好、疏松肥沃的砂质壤土，黄土或腐殖土，pH5.5～6.5最佳。适温在20～32℃之间，29℃以上时停止生长，35℃时叶子会有焦灼现象，要求有一定温差。环境湿度70%以上，大部分品种可耐-8℃低温，在淮河以南地区一般可自然越冬喜酸性土壤，并要求较好的透气性。以利根毛发育，通常可用泥炭、腐锯木、红土、腐植土或以上的混合基质栽培，茶花春秋冬三季可不遮阴，夏天可用50%遮光处理。 茶花盆栽养殖方法 1、盆土选择：根据山茶花的生长特性宜选用微酸性、疏松、肥沃、排水比较好的混合土作为盆土，特别要注意的就是排水要好，切忌用石灰质土壤，混合土的比例是红壤6份、兰花泥(腐叶土)3份、细砂质土1～2份，用盆大小要适中，不宜过大或过小，一般盆与苗的比例是一株高达40～50厘米、冠幅20～25厘米的山茶花宜种植在口径20厘米左右的紫砂盆或瓦盆内，其他大小以此类推。 2、上盆时间：山茶花上盆时间为冬季11月、早春2～3月。此时花蕾肥大，花朵盛开，最适宜上盆。在花朵处于凋谢，新根尚在萌发时，如要上盆，须特别注意勿伤根系。一般在萌芽期前后停止上盆，因为这时新梢待发，叶子开展，需要大量的水分，如进行上盆，新根受伤，很容易影响当年的生长发育。高温与严冬季节也忌上盆，以免引起植株萎缩死亡。 3、上盆方法：先在选择好的花盆底孔上垫放3～4片碎瓦片，然后填放部分粗土，将苗植于盆中，用细土填塞根部，再将较大粒的盆土徐徐放满盆的四周，轻轻摇动盆子，用手揿压，使盆土与根部紧贴。大盆可用竹签轻轻往下压实盆土，要注意勿伤其根。盆土应占盆高度的4/5，以便浇水。 4、浇水方法：新上盆的苗保持湿润，2个月后可与其他盆苗一样进行浇水，浇水次数要视气候情况而定，以保持土壤湿润为原则。一般春天可多浇，以满足发芽抽梢的需要，夏季浇水宜在早晨与傍晚进行，梅雨期要防积水，秋旱要及时浇水，冬季浇水应在中午进行，防止盆土结冰，土壤干燥受冻更烈。 5、施肥方法：山茶花不甚喜肥，不必施过多肥料，一般花前10～11月，花后4～5月左右，施肥2～4次。一般采用混合肥料(人粪尿、饼肥、厩肥、磷肥)，最好以磷肥为主，氮肥为副，以防枝条徒长、花朵减少。各种肥料都必须充分腐熟后使用，但菜籽饼与鱼粉可不经腐烂，直接撤在土表，盖上一层薄土，任其慢慢腐烂渗入土中，供根部吸收。施肥量应掌握强苗多施，弱苗少施或不施，对生长过弱的苗木，用调换盆土来代替施肥，效果也很好。 6、蔽荫防寒：山茶花性喜温暖湿润的气候，过冷过热都不利于生长发育。春天与梅雨期要给盆栽的山茶花以充足的阳光，否则枝条发育细弱，易引起烟煤病与介壳虫为害，或千上附生苔藓，导致枯枝、衰老或死亡。夏秋高温季节要及时蔽荫降温。冬季气温下降到零度以下，就会引起花蕾脱落或花蕊受冻，影响开花质量。因此盆苗在室内越冬温度以保持在3～4℃左右为宜，若温度超过16℃，就会促使提前发芽，严重时引起落叶、落蕾。 7、病害防治：山茶花的主要虫害为蛀茎虫、介壳虫。主要病害有叶面上的炭疽病、黑煤病及枝干上苔藓寄生，要及时剪除受害枝条和喷药防治。 茶花养殖注意事项 1、山茶花不宜强度修剪，它的花、叶，芽发育时间较长，树冠形成也较均匀。基本上不需特殊修剪，只要剪去病虫枝、过密枝、弱枝和截短徒长枝就行了。 2、山茶花是多花树种，特别在生长衰弱的植株上，如果花蕾密集，就会消耗过多的养分，对植株生长不利。所以摘蕾是栽培管理上的重要一环，以每枝上留1～2蕾为宜，最多只留3个，并保持一定距离。疏下的花蕾可供药用。 3、山茶花花期较长，整个花期长达半年。所以及时摘去接近凋萎的花朵，对减少养分消耗，增强树势大有好处。
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Miss Chen
2018年01月29日
Miss Chen
[图片]仙客来对空气中的有毒气体二氧化硫有较强的抵抗能力。它的叶片能吸收二氧化硫，并经过氧化作用将其转化为无毒或低毒的硫酸盐等物质。 它适宜于盆栽观赏，可置于室内布置，尤其适宜在家庭中点缀于有阳光的几架、书桌上。因其株型美观、别致，花盛色艳，还有具香味的品种，深受人们青睐。仙客来还可用无土栽培的方法进行盆栽，清洁迷人，更适合家庭装饰。 仙客来花形别致，娇艳夺目，烂漫多姿， 有的品种有香气，观赏价值很高，深受人们喜爱。是冬春季节名贵盆花，也是世界花卉市场上最重要的盆栽花卉之一。仙客来花期长，可达5个月，花期适逢圣诞节、元旦、春节等传统节日，市场需求量巨大，生产价值高，经济效益显著。常用于室内花卉布置；并适作切花，水养持久。 [图片]仙客来的生长习性 仙客来性喜温暖，怕炎热，在凉爽的环境下和富含腐殖质的肥沃沙质壤土中生长最好。较耐寒，可耐0℃的低温不致受冻。秋季到第2年春季为其生长季节，夏季半休眠，冬季适宜的生长温度在12～16℃之间，促进开花时不应超过18～22℃，0℃以上植株将进入休眠，35℃以上植株易腐烂、死亡，冬季可耐低温，但5℃以下则生长缓慢，花色暗淡，开花少。冬季补充二氧化碳气体，可促进生长和开花。在生长期，要求空气湿润和日照充足的环境。 仙客来怎么养 1、盆土：仙客来要求肥沃、排水通畅的微酸性土壤，对于土壤长期不管理或管理不科学，会使仙客来生长不良，开花少，颜色暗淡，降低或丧失观赏价值。盆栽以疏松肥沃的营养土为好。每隔10天左右追一次腐热稀薄的人畜粪尿等有机肥，到现蕾后，增施两次0.1%的硫酸二氢钾。 2、温度：仙客来最适宜生长的温度15℃左右。生长和花芽分化的适温为15～20℃，湿度70～75%，冬季花期温度不得低于10℃，若温度过低，则花色暗淡，且易凋落，夏季温度若达到28～30℃，则植株休眠，当气温高达30℃以上时，仙客来叶片就会出现发黄脱落、花谢而无观赏价值，若达到35℃以上，则块茎易于腐烂。 3、浇水：仙客来夏季进入休眠时，要减少对休眠球茎的浇水，秋季上盆和翻盘后要浇足水，并逐步要增加肥水，保持土壤湿润，冬季减少水量。浇水时不要使水分沾在花芽及嫩叶上，以免腐烂，影响开花。浇水时间在上午10:00～12:00为宜，水温和基质温度要尽可能接近。 4、施肥：仙客来也属喜肥植物，在每年春季和秋季追施2‰的磷酸二氢钾各1次，切忌施用高氮肥料。生长期的肥料一般应薄肥多施，液肥必须充分腐烂发酵，施肥应在晴天进行。6～8月停施或少施，8月下旬后，天气渐凉，生长逐旺，每隔7～10天可施肥一次，多施含磷，钾肥，促进以后开花茂盛，施肥时注意防止肥液淹没球顶，以免造成腐烂。 5、光照：仙客来宜放置在窗户、阳台等光照充足之处，并经常改变花盆位置。光照充足可使花朵更艳丽，叶片更具光泽。仙客来虽属比较耐阴的报春花科植物，但长时间光照不足，易使仙客来叶片发黄。 6、病虫 ①灰霉病：病害处有水渍状直径1～2毫米的小斑，后逐渐扩大，呈褐色腐烂。叶柄或花柄部位染病时，叶片或花朵倒折，病害处有灰色霉层，后变为土黄色霉层，致病原因是湿度过高且通风差的原因。防治上一是及时通风降低空气湿度，二是及时摘除病叶，减少传染源，三是喷施代森锌、多菌灵等广谱性杀菌剂。 ②软腐病：软腐病多由细菌侵染所致，病害部位呈现软化腐烂，发生部位多见于球茎。主要是基质消毒不彻底或没有消毒，高温或高湿情况下易发生。防治方法可喷施农用链霉素或多菌灵等。
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Miss Chen
2018年01月29日
Miss Chen
[图片]百合，又名强蜀、番韭、山丹、倒仙、重迈、中庭、摩罗、重箱、中逢花、百合蒜、大师傅蒜、蒜脑薯、夜合花等，是百合科百合属多年生草本球根植物，原产于中国，主要分布在亚洲东部、欧洲、北美洲等北半球温带地区，全球已发现有至少120个品种，其中55种产于中国。近年更有不少经过人工杂交而产生的新品种，如亚洲百合、香水百合、火百合等。鳞茎含丰富淀粉，可食，亦作药用。 我国自古以来都把百合是为吉祥之花，具有“百事合心”的寓意。近年来，许多商家都将以百合用作盆花栽培，对室内、阳台和庭院都具有很好的美化和香化作用。百合的花冠较大，香味浓郁，若在房间的一角放上一盆，整个屋子都能闻到它的香味。不过，百合花虽然格调高雅，但不能摆放过多，否则会适得其反。一般可选5株一盆的组合，放在门、窗等上风口附近，以利于香味扩散。 [图片]百合花的生长习性 1、百合喜湿润、光照、要求肥沃、富含腐殖质、土层深厚、排水性极为良好的砂质土壤，多数品种宜在微酸性至中性土壤中生长。具体来说，有以下几点： 2、百合喜凉爽潮湿环境，日光充足的地方、略荫蔽的环境对百合更为适合。忌干旱、忌酷暑，它的耐寒性稍差些。 3、百合的生长、开花温度为16～24℃，低于5℃或高于30℃生长几乎停止，10℃以上植株才正常生长，超过25℃时生长又停滞，如果冬季夜间温度低于5℃持续5～7天，花芽分化、花蕾发育会受到严重影响，推迟开花甚至盲花、花裂。 4、百合喜肥沃、腐殖质多深厚土壤，最忌硬粘土;排水良好的微酸性土壤为好，土壤pH值为5.5～6.5。 盆栽百合花养殖方法 1、栽培时间：盆栽百合花宜在9～10月份进行。 2、土壤：培养土宜用腐叶土、砂土、园土以1:1:1的比例混合配制，盆底施足充分腐熟的堆肥和少量骨粉及为作基肥。栽种深度一般约为鳞茎直径的2～3倍即可。盆土不宜过湿，否则鳞茎易腐烂，盆栽百合花每年换盆一次，换上新的培养土和基肥。 3、施肥：百合对肥料要求不很高，通常在春季生长开始及开花初期酌施肥料即可。国外一些栽培者认为，百合对氮、钾肥需要较大，生长期应每隔10～15天施一次，而对磷肥要限制供给，因为磷肥偏多会引起叶子枯黄。花期可增施1～2天磷肥。为使鳞茎充实，开花后应及时剪去残花，以减少养分消耗，浇水只需保持盆土潮润，但生长旺季和天气干旱时须适当勤浇，并常在花盆周围洒水，以提高空气湿度。 4、温度：百合花适宜生长的温度为12～18℃。在冬天即使气温降至3～5℃亦不会冷死。 5、光照：百合具有抗寒、喜光、耐肥、畏湿的特性，缺乏阳光，长期遮阴就会影响正常开花。但它们对地域的适应性较广，南北各地都可地种或盆栽。 6、在百合花生长期每周还要转动花盆一次。不然植株容易偏长，影响美观。
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Miss Chen
2018年01月29日
Miss Chen
[图片]金桔果实金黄、具清香，挂果时间较长，是极好的观果花卉。它既宜作盆栽观赏及盆景，同时其味道酸甜可口，有多方营养价值。在南方暖地，亦将其果树经营栽植。盆栽金桔四季长青，枝叶繁茂，树形优美。夏季开花，花色玉白，香气远溢。秋冬季果熟或黄或红，点缀于绿叶之中，可谓碧叶金丸，扶疏长荣，观赏价值极高。 金橘象征前程似锦、财运亨通，春节期间，若在客厅中摆放一盆金橘，无疑是一个好兆头。如果养护得当，金橘还能开花结果，陪伴主人迎接下一年的新春佳节。需要注意的是，虽然金灿灿的金橘非常漂亮，但味道很酸，不易品尝。 [图片]土壤配置 金桔喜肥，栽培要求排水良好的肥沃、疏松的微酸性砂质壤土，盆栽时宜选用腐叶土4份、砂土5份、饼肥1份混合配制的培养土，换盆时在盆底施入蹄片或腐熟的饼肥作基肥。 浇水管理 金桔喜湿润但忌积水，盆土过湿容易烂根，因此生育期间保持盆土适度湿润为好。春季干燥多风，需每天向叶面上喷水一次，增加空气湿度。夏季每天喷水2～3次，并向地面喷水。但开花期避免喷水，以防烂花，影响结果。雨季应及时倾倒盆内积水，以免烂根。夏天放室外时，最好用砖将花盆垫起，以利排水。金桔白花期至幼果期对水分的要求较敏感，此时盆土过干，花梗和果柄易产生离层而脱落，浇水过量，盆土透水性能又差，也易引起落花落果，这时以使盆土保持不干不湿的半墒状态为宜。 光照管理 金橘性喜阳光充足的温暖湿润的气候，养护时要放置在阳光充足的地方。若光照不足，环境荫蔽，往往会造成枝叶徒长，开花结果较少。由于金桔夏季喜凉爽气候，或夏日照强度大，此时宜放在略在遮荫处为好。冬季室温以不结冰为宜。如室温过高，植株得不到充分休眠，则翌年生长衰弱，易落花落蕾。 温度管理 金橘喜欢温暖清爽的生长温度，秋末气温低于10摄氏度时应及时搬入室内，冬季室温最好能保持在6至12摄氏度，温度过低易遭受冻害，过高会影响植株休眠，不利于来年开花结果。 合理施肥 盆栽金橘要求水肥管理得当，枝从新芽萌发开始到开花前为止，可每7～10天施一次腐熟的稀浅酱渣水，相间浇几次矾肥水。入夏之后宜多施一些磷肥，以利孕蕾和结果。结果初期应暂停施肥，待幼果长到约1厘米大小时，可继续每周施一次液肥直至9月底。 合理修剪 修剪是使金桔花繁果硕的一项重要技术措施，为使树形优美、多结果，每年树液开始流动之前，春芽尚未萌发时进行一次重修剪，剪去枯枝、病虫枝、过密枝和徒长枝，保留3～4个头年生的健壮的、分布匀称的枝条，每个枝条只留基部2～3个芽，其余的剪掉，这样就可以萌发10余枝充实的春稍。当新稍长到15～20厘米时进行摘心，使株形丰满，此时施一次速效性磷肥，促使花芽分化。开花时应适当疏花，节省养分。着生幼果后，当幼果长到约1厘米大小时，可进行疏果，粗壮枝条每株留2～3个果，弱枝每枝保留一个果，并使全株果实均匀。及时剪除秋稍，不使二次结果，以利果形大小、成熟程度一致，提高观赏价值。 虫害防止 金桔很少发现有虫害，只有黄凤蝶(柑桔凤蝶)危害。黄凤蝶成虫体长30毫米，翅展100毫米，黄绿色，背面有宽大黑纵纹。前翅日个，后翅6个。卵为圆球形，直径1毫米，黄白色。幼虫取食新叶嫩芽，昼伏夜食，易造成金桔叶片缺刻或啃光。对此虫害的治法为幼虫期喷50%杀螟松1000倍液或80%敌敌畏1000倍液和在枝干外捕杀虫蛹。
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咘纳纳
2018年01月29日
咘纳纳
[图片][图片][图片][图片][图片][图片][图片][图片][图片][图片]只能添加十张图片，木有办法了，先说这么多。😊😊😊 我家的宝贝是不夜城芦荟哦！(๓˙ϖ˙๓) 古诗云:“浅薄月季频出镜，纯情芦荟慎开花”，所以芦荟的花语是“洁身自爱，不受干扰”。蛮喜欢的！👄👄👄
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咘纳纳
2018年01月29日
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@lrgarden 大佬的花真好看，会努力哒！😃😃😃
lrgarden
2018年01月29日
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可以来个续集，😄
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Miss Chen
2018年01月22日
Miss Chen
Description: This is a herbaceous perennial plant about 2½–5' tall. At its base, there is a rosette of arching basal leaves. These basal leaves are 10-20" long and ½–1¼" across; they are medium green to yellowish green, glabrous, linear in shape, entire (toothless) along their margins, and often folded upward along their midveins. Leaf venation is parallel. A few alternate leaves occur along the central stem of this plant; they are similar to the basal leaves, except smaller in size. The central stem is light green, terete, relatively stout, and unbranched; it is usually glabrous below and pubescent with curly hairs above. The central stem terminates in a panicle of flowers about ¾–2' long and about one-half as much across. The lateral primary branches of this inflorescence are ascending, but not erect; they are somewhat longer toward the bottom and center of the inflorescence. Similar to the upper central stem, these floral branches are light green, terete, relatively stout, and pubescent with curly hairs. At the base of each floral branch (including the pedicels), there is a linear-lanceolate bract up to ½" long that darkens and withers away with age. The pedicels (basal stalklets) of the flowers are about ¼–¾" long. Individual flowers are about ¾–1" across. Each flower has a white corolla with 6 spreading tepals, 6 stamens with white filaments, 3 white styles, and a light greenish yellow ovary. Individual tepals are lanceolate-oblong in shape, although they taper abruptly above their narrow bases. Just above their narrow bases, the tepals have 2 conspicuous glands that are yellow, green, or yellowish green. These glands secrete nectar. With age, the corollas become green or brownish purple. The flowers are replaced by ovoid-lanceoloid seed capsules up to 18 mm. (2/3") long. These capsules divide into 3 parts to release their seeds; each capsule contains 12 or more seeds. Individual seeds are 5-8 mm. long and about one-half as much across; they are straw-colored and somewhat irregular in shape. The root system is fibrous, short-rhizomatous, and relatively shallow. Clonal offsets can develop from the short rhizomes. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, wet to moist conditions, and fertile soil. Some standing water is tolerated if it is temporary. Several years of development are required before individual plants begin to flower. Range & Habitat: The native Virginia Bunch-Flower occurs primarily in west-central Illinois, where it is rare and state-listed as 'threatened' (see Distribution Map). At one time, this plant was more common, but habitat destruction has resulted in population losses in several counties. In Illinois, habitats consist of damp prairies, especially along railroads, and wet ground along the bases of bluffs (these are often seeps). Outside of Illinois, Virginia Bunch-Flower has been found in open bottomland woodlands, damp meadows, swamps, marshes, fens, floating bogs, and roadside ditches. This conservative species is largely restricted to high quality habitats. To maintain populations of this plant within the state, cultivated plants should be used in prairie restorations. [图片]Faunal Associations: Mostly flies and beetles visit the flowers of this plant, where they feed on the easy-to-access nectar, although some insect species may also feed on pollen. These floral visitors include Syrphid flies, Tachinid flies, blow flies (Lucilia spp.), Muscid flies, Anthomyiid flies, weevils, tumbling flower beetles, and flower scarab beetles. Some bees and wasps may also visit the flowers (Robertson, 1929). Because the foliage and roots of Virginia Bunch-Flower contain highly toxic alkaloids, they are not normally eaten by mammalian herbivores. This plant is especially poisonous to horses (Georgia, 1913). [图片]Photographic Location: A prairie or sedge meadow at a nature preserve in Fayette County, Illinois. The photographs were taken by Keith & Patty Horn (Copyright © 2016). Comments: Another species in the same genus, Melanthium woodii (Wood's Bunch-Flower), is a woodland species with wider leaves and reddish brown (maroon) flowers. The tepals of its flowers do not abruptly contract near their bases. Because of these differences, it is relatively easy to distinguish Wood's Bunch-Flower from Virginia Bunch-Flower. While there are other white-flowered Melanthium spp., they do not occur in Illinois. Some taxonomists prefer to merge the Melanthium genus with the Veratrum genus. When this happens, Virginia Bunchflower is referred to as Veratrum virginicum. Some taxonomists have divided the Lily family (Liliaceae) into several families, assigning the Melanthium genus to the Bunchflower family (Melanthiaceae). When it is in full bloom, Virginia Bunchflower is very showy and attractive.
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Miss Chen
2018年01月22日
Miss Chen
Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-2' tall and more or less erect. Initially, it consists of a rosette of leaves that are rather angular and orbicular. Later, a central stem develops that is 4-angled and smooth. The opposite leaves are up to 5" long and ¾" across. They are lanceolate or narrowly ovate, and often fold upward along the length of the central vein. Their margins are usually smooth (although sometimes ciliate), and there are no hairs, except toward the base of each leaf. These leaves are sessile against the stem, or they have short petioles with a few coarse hairs. The uppermost leaves at the top of a plant are usually whorled. The underside of each leaf is light or whitish green, but eventually becomes darker with age. There are a few short side stems in the upper half of the plant. From 1-4 nodding flowers develop from the upper axils of the leaves, each with its own pedicel. Each flower is about ¾" across, with 5 narrowly triangular green sepals, 5 yellow petals, and 5 yellowish orange stamens. The petals are well-rounded, but their outer edges are often ragged and may have conspicuous tips. Toward the center of the flower, there is a patch of orange surrounding the upper portion of the pistil. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer and lasts about a month. There is no noticeable fragrance. The flowers are replaced by spheroid capsules with slender spike-like tips. A fully developed capsule is about the same heighth as the surrounding sepals. The root system consists of a taproot and rhizomes that form little plantlets. This plant often forms small colonies by means of vegetative reproduction. [图片]Cultivation: The preference is partial to full sun, and moist to mesic conditions. This plant usually grows in a loam or clay-loam soil, but it can tolerate soil with sandy or rocky material as well. The foliage is rarely bothered by disease; occasionally insects nibble the edges of the leaves. Range & Habitat: The native Lance-Leaved Loosestrife occurs in most areas of Illinois, except for a few north-central counties and scattered counties elsewhere (see Distribution Map). Although widely distributed, it is an occasional plant. Habitats include moist to mesic black soil prairies, open woodlands, thickets, swamps, gravelly seeps, limestone glades, and old fields with hardpan clay or sandy soil. Faunal Associations: The flowers of the Lysimachia spp. (Yellow-Flowered Loosestrifes) are unusual in that they produce a floral oil, rather than nectar. Because of this, they attract the short-tongued Melittid bee, Macropsis steironematis. This oligolectic bee collects both the floral oil and pollen and forms a pollen-ball that becomes the food of its developing bee-larvae. Otherwise, the flowers attract few insects, except for the occasional visitor seeking pollen from the anthers. Information about Lance-Leaved Loosestrife's relation to birds and mammals does not appear to be readily accessible at the present time. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at the Prospect Cemetery Prairie in Ford County, Illinois, where there was a small colony of plants growing in mesic black soil prairie. Comments: This plant would be more attractive to humans if the flowers did not hang downward. The nodding characteristic of some flowers is often a sign that the primary pollinators are bees, which are more willing to hang upside down on the protruding structures of a flower in order to obtain whatever food source they are seeking. This characteristic may also protect the nectar or floral oil from rainfall. Lance-Leaved Loosestrife can be distinguished from other loosestrifes primarily by its opposite leaves, which are sessile or have very short petioles. The height of the mature seed capsules is about the same as the height of the surrounding calyx segments, while in other Lysimachia spp. they are often unequal. The species Lysimachia hybrida, which used to be considered a variety of Lance-Leaved Loosestrife, has a similar appearance. However, Lysimachia hybrida is supposed to have somewhat longer petioles, somewhat broader leaves, and the undersides of its leaves are green rather than light or whitish green, even in younger leaves.
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Miss Chen
2018年01月22日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial wildflower is 1-2½' tall and compactly branched. The stems are light green to reddish green, angular or terete, and canescent-hairy. Alternate compound leaves occur along the stems; individual leaves are palmate with 7-11 leaflets. Individual leaflets are 1-2½" long and oblanceolate in shape; their margins are smooth and ciliate. The upper surface of the leaflets is medium green and hairless, while the lower surface is pale green. Each compound leaf has a long ascending petiole about 1-4" long that is light green to reddish green. The stems, petioles, and leaf undersides are sparsely to moderately canescent-hairy. The upper stems terminate in narrow racemes of flowers about 4-10" long. The flowering stalks are light green to reddish purple. Individual flowers are about ¾" long, consisting of 5 blue-violet petals (rarely white or pink), a tubular calyx with large lobes, several stamens, and a pistil with a single style. The petals have a pea-like floral structure, consisting of a large upper banner and 2 wings that project forward to enclose the keel. The lateral edges of the banner fold backward from its center; as a flower ages, the center of the banner becomes more white. The calyx is light green to reddish purple. The slender pedicels of the flowers are up to ½" long. The flowering stalks, calyces, and pedicels are sparsely to moderately canescent-hairy. At the base of each flower, there is a linear-lanceolate floral bract that soon withers away. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 1 month for a colony of plants. Afterwards, the flowers are replaced by elongated seedpods about 1¼-2" long and canescent-hairy. Each seedpod contains about 7 seeds, which can be ejected several feet away from the mother plant. The root system consists of a taproot with rhizomes. Reproduction is by seed and vegetative clones from the rhizomes. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, mesic to dry conditions, and an acidic soil containing sand or sandy loam. The root system can fix nitrogen into the soil. The seeds should be scarified to facilitate germination. Individual plants can be short-lived or long-lived, depending on environmental conditions. Range & Habitat: Wild Lupine is an uncommon native wildflower that is found in NE Illinois and other northern areas of the state (see Distribution Map). Because of habitat destruction and fire suppression, populations of this wildflower have declined. Habitats include sand prairies, openings in sandy woodlands, sandy savannas, edges of sandy woodlands, stabilized sand dunes, and powerline clearances in sandy areas. Dominant canopy trees in some of these habitats are either oaks (especially Black Oak) or pines. [图片]Faunal Associations: The flowers are cross-pollinated primarily by honeybees, bumblebees, digger bees (Synhalonia spp.), Mason bees (Osmia spp.), and other long-tongued bees. Other floral visitors include Halictid bees and bee flies. Only pollen is available as a floral reward, which is forcibly ejected into the faces of such insect visitors. Occasionally, the Karner Blue and other butterflies visit the flowers, searching in vain for nectar. Several insects feed on the foliage and other parts of Wild Lupine. These insect feeders include caterpillars of the butterflies Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Karner Blue) and Callophrys irus (Frosted Elfin), and caterpillars of the skippers Erynnis baptisiae (Wild Indigo Duskywing) and Erynnis persius (Persius Duskywing). The caterpillars of several moths also feed on Wild Lupine: Caenurgina crassiuscula (Clover Looper), Grammia phyllira (Phyllira Tiger Moth), Grammia placentia (Placentia Tiger Moth), Utetheisa bella (Bella Moth), and Walshia miscecolorella (Sweet Clover Root Borer). Other insects feeders include Empoasca fabae (Potato Leafhopper), Hadronema militaris (Military Plant Bug), and seed-eating larvae of the weevil Apion minor. The foliage is toxic to sheep and horses, however deer, rabbits, and woodchucks occasionally browse on Wild Lupine. [图片]Photographic Location: A wooded sand dune at the Indiana Dunes State Park in NW Indiana. Comments: This is the only lupine that is native to Illinois; species in this genus are more abundant in the western United States. Wild Lupine is readily distinguished from Baptisia spp. (Wild Indigos) and other similar species in the Bean family by the abundant leaflets of its palmate leaves (7-11 per leaf). Other similar species in Illinois have either trifoliate leaves (3 leaflets per compound leaf) or pinnate compound leaves. Both the flowers and foliage of Wild Lupine are quite attractive. Another common name of this species is Sundial Lupine, because the palmate leaves orient themselves in the direction of the sun.
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Miss Chen
2018年01月22日
Miss Chen
Description: This perennial plant is ¾–2¼' tall and unbranched. It tends to be short-lived. The central stem is often ridged or angular near the inflorescence. The sessile alternate leaves occur primarily along the lower half of the stem, and are up to 3½" long and 1" across. They are usually lanceolate or narrowly ovate, but are sometimes wider at the tip than the base. Their margins often have widely spaced teeth, but are sometimes smooth. The inflorescence consists of a long spike of flowers about 3-12" in length. The flowers are light blue or white, and about 1/3" (8 mm.) across. Each flower has a smaller upper lip that is divided into 2 lobes, and a larger lower lip that is divided into 3 lobes. There is a purple or dark blue stigma that is strongly exerted from the upper part of the corolla tube, and bends downward at its tip. The base of the flower consists of a tubular calyx with 5 teeth. Sometimes tiny appendages (0-4 mm. in length) occur between the teeth of the calyx. The blooming period occurs during mid-summer and lasts about a month. There is no noticeable floral scent. Later in the year, the flowers are replaced by seedpods. The latter split open at the top, exposing numerous tiny seeds that are easily carried by occasional gusts of wind. The root system consists of a central taproot. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun and moist to slightly dry conditions. Growth is best when the soil is rich and loamy, but it can also be somewhat rocky. Some of the lower leaves may turn yellow and fall off the stem during a drought. There is also a tendency for this plant to flop over if it is spoiled with too much water or fertilizer and lacks adequate support from adajacent plants. It is necessary to keep the soil consistently moist in order to keep the small seedlings alive. Range & Habitat: The native Pale-Spiked Lobelia occurs occasionally in the majority of counties in Illinois, but it is less common or absent in the SE portion of the state (see Distribution Map). Habitats include moist to mesic black soil prairies, typical savannas and sandy savannas, moist meadows in woodlands or near rivers, thickets, bluffs, limestone glades, and abandoned fields. This is usually an understory plant whose inflorescence appears among the taller grasses and forbs. Faunal Associations: The flowers attract long-tongued bees primarily, including little carpenter bees (Ceratina spp.), miner bees (Melissodes spp.), mason bees (Osmia spp.), and leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.). Small butterflies and skippers also visit the flowers occasionally, which are probably less effective at pollination. All of these insects seek nectar. The leaves and stems contain a watery white latex that is toxic, therefore most mammalian herbivores are less likely to eat this plant than others. However, deer appear to be somewhat immune to the effects of the toxins in the foliage. The seeds are too small to be of any interest to birds. [图片]Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at Loda Cemetery Prairie in Iroquois County, Illinois. Comments: With its smaller pale flowers, Pale-Spiked Lobelia is less showy than some of its better known relatives, such as Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower) and Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia), but it has better resistance to dry conditions after becoming established. The flowers of these species all share a similar structure, but vary considerably in their size and color. Another species in this genus with small flowers, Lobelia kalmii (Kalm's Lobelia), has more narrow leaves than Pale-Spiked Lobelia. Across different populations of Pale-Spike Lobelia, there is some variability in the color of the flowers, hairiness of the foliage, and the length of the tiny appendages between the calyx teeth.
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