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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
[图片]中国水仙的原种为唐代从意大利引进，是法国多花水仙的变种，在中国已有一千多年栽培历史，经上千年的选育而成为世界水仙花中独树一帜的佳品，为中国十大传统名花之一。 最早记载水仙传入中国的可靠文献是段公路《北户录》中的一段文字：“孙光宪续注曰，从事江陵日，寄住蕃客穆思密尝遗水仙花数本，摘之水器中，经年不萎。”是说寄居江陵的波斯人穆思密赠送给孙光宪几棵水仙花。孙光宪是晚唐五代花间派的重要词人，当时在高季兴南平国所辖的江陵任职，江陵相当于今湖北荆州。因此大致可以肯定，中国水仙的确是由外国传入的，时间在五代或稍早一些的唐末，首传地点有可能就在湖北荆州一带。屈原行吟泽畔的形象与希腊传说中那喀索斯（Narcissus）这一水边自恋的神灵颇有几份神似，当时传来水仙的蕃客移民入乡随俗，遂以水仙这一楚国故里对屈原的乡土称呼来替代这一西洋的神异命名。这应该就是水仙这一中文名称的来源。 [图片]冬天能开花吗 在这里我想非常肯定打告诉大家哦，水仙冬天是能开花的，它和很多的花卉植物不一样，它的特点是秋天生长，冬天开花，夏天休眠，一般都是在春节的前后时间开花，早一点的话在一月份就会开花了，如果养护好的话，开花的时间能够一直维持到三月份哦！ 冬天养护 想要水仙在冬天正常的生长开花，那么养护得当至关重要哦，下面我们就一起来看一下有哪些注意事项吧！ 水分 水仙花是水养的，需要每天都要换水，当然后期的话可以两三天甚至是一个礼拜换一次水，冬天的时候需要注意换水的水温，最好和室内温度相近，不能冻伤它哦，不然就会严重影响它的开花！ 温度 冬天的时候水仙虽然会开花，但是前提是温度必须适宜它的生长发育，冬天温度普遍都会比较低，如果在水仙出现花蕾的时候温度太低的话，它的花蕾就会干枯，就不能正常开花了，这个时候的温度最好是能维持在10度以上，但是室内空调房养殖的时候还要注意温度也不能过高，最好不要超过15度，不然暖冬的话也会导致水仙开花不利的。 光照 水仙的生长需要充足的光照，冬天养殖的时候尤其是要注意给它多多的晒太阳，因为光照不足对它的开花也会产生很不利的影响。尤其是在水仙有花蕾出现的时候，更加要注意让它接触到充足的光照，否则的话，会出现花蕾开花的现象，观赏的视觉效果就是大打折扣了哦！如果遇到接连的下雨天气的话，光照会明显的不足，这时候必须人工控制，一般建议是用日关灯照射来为水仙补充光照，这样也能促进它开花。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
[图片]屈曲花疏被柔毛，多分枝；叶对生，倒披针形至匙形，边缘有少数不规则钝齿；花序球形伞房状，不久即生长成总状花序，有芳香，花瓣4枚，外面2瓣大。屈曲花为十字花科，屈曲花属。原产南欧。直立，株高25～50厘米。叶互生，基部叶披针形，稀锯齿，上部叶线状披针形。总状花序，伞房状；小花为十字型花冠，多花性；花期春夏。可用于春夏季节的组合盆栽观赏，绿地用于花境、岩石园等。 一年生草木，高10-40厘米；茎直立，稍分枝，有棱，在棱上具向下生的柔毛，上部无毛。茎下部叶匙形，上部叶披针形或长圆状楔形，长1.5-2.5厘米，顶端圆钝，基部渐狭，上部每边有2-4疏生牙齿，下部全缘，两面无毛，具缘毛。总状花序顶生；花梗丝状，伸展或上升，长约1厘米；萼片倒卵形，长1.5-2毫米；花瓣白色或浅紫色，倒卵形，外轮长约6毫米，内轮长约3毫米。短角果圆形，直径4-5毫米，顶端凹缺，无毛，翅向上稍宽展，裂瓣具横纹；花柱和顶端凹缺等长或稍超出。种子宽卵形，长约3毫米，红棕色，下部有翅。花期5月，果期6月。 广为栽培的园艺观赏植物繖形屈曲花原产於南欧，一二年生，其花序形扁，夏末开花，粉红、紫菫色、白色、紫色或红色。株高40公分(16吋)，叶片狭长，心皮圆形。 岩生屈曲花叶厚，深裂；花大，白色，常带粉红色，芳香，花柄长22公分(9吋)。 石生屈曲花和株形较大的常青屈曲花是两种铺地生长、常绿、多年生及开白花的屈曲花，均产於欧洲南部空旷地区，并在庭园广泛栽培。 有芳香，株高20～75㎝，秋播，花期4～6月，春播，7～9月开花，15天发芽，直根系，多直播，移植带土，寒冷地区保护越冬，管理粗放，盆栽、花境、野生园丛植。西欧传统切花材料，种子可保持3年。 [图片]屈曲花的花期 屈曲花是在春夏季节里会开花的植物，花期一般是在5月份。 屈曲花的花朵一般是紫色的或者是白色的，它是十字花科，有4片花瓣，花朵还散发着香气。 屈曲花可以用作是组合的盆栽花卉进行观赏，也可以用作布置花境和岩石园。 屈曲花的花期养护 在养殖屈曲花的时候，需要注意，如果施肥过多了就会导致它的枝叶出现徒长 施肥，但是如果施肥不足的话又会似的枝叶细长，叶子发黄，并且开花少或者是不开花。所以在进行施肥的时候一定要适时适量的施肥。在春季和夏季的生长旺盛时期，可以多施肥，进入秋季的时候，要减少施肥，冬季要停止施肥。 为了使屈曲花可以更好的开花，需要进行修剪，一般是在开花后进行修剪，将开败的花剪掉，可以延长它的花期。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
[图片]悬铃花性强健，喜高温多湿和阳光充足环境，耐热、耐旱、耐瘠、不耐寒霜、耐湿，稍耐阴，忌涝，生长快速。宜在肥沃、疏松和排水良好的微酸性土壤中生长，冬季温度不低于8℃。盛夏土壤保持湿润，多见阳光，但要防烈日曝晒，耐修剪。 悬铃花在亚洲和非洲的热带和亚热带往往逸生，中国华南地区多植于庭院。悬铃花对土壤要求不严，耐湿性好，全年开花，但冬季开花的数量较少。 [图片]悬铃花的花期 悬铃花是常绿植物，花期也很长。悬铃花通常可以全年开放，开花量也很大。9月下旬-12月下旬的这段时间，是悬铃花开的最旺的世界，它会大肆盛开，十分繁盛。而冬季开花的数量则较少。 悬铃花的花型花色 悬铃花的花朵比较奇特，花朵向下悬垂是它的一大特色，另一个特色则是悬铃花的花朵不开放。下垂的悬铃花呈现吊钟状，形似风铃，玲珑可爱。 悬铃花的花朵单生，长于上部叶腋处。漏斗状的花冠，花萼五裂并且是多层，有5片花瓣，略左旋，花瓣不开展，呈含苞狀，花蕊伸出花瓣外。 悬铃花的花朵主要是鲜红色，也有其变种粉色悬铃花、小悬铃花花色呈粉红色和淡红色，但总体上，悬铃花的花色还是红色系的颜色。 悬铃花的花语 悬铃花的花语是：才华横溢。有人这样来形容悬铃花，它的花朵低垂，仿佛是正在低头思考的学者，充满了文思泉涌的意味。才华横溢、惹人注目。 悬铃花的开花注意事项 判断悬铃花开花的标准是看它的花蕊是否伸出花瓣外，如果花蕊伸出花瓣外，那就表示正在开花。 悬铃花的花朵有很好吃的花蜜，甜甜的。 悬铃花开花后几乎不结果。 光照充足的情况下，开花会比较多也比较鲜艳，缺乏光照则开花不易，花朵小色泽暗淡。 注意不要向花瓣浇水，以免产生白斑，影响观花效果。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
Mushroom hunters forge through damp wooded areas searching for the prized edible mushroom. They must be skilled in the identification process, because some mushrooms are deadly. There are over 3,000 species of mushroom throughout the world. It is a fungus, and unlike other plants, has no chlorophyll to help it manufacture food. The cap of the mushroom--the part we typically eat--is actually the fruiting part of the mushroom, and is vital to its reproduction process. The cap will last only a few days, but during that time it will create millions of spores. Spores are single cells, each capable of developing into a mushroom. [图片]Cells Produce Spores The cells that produce spores on the fruiting body are either asci or basidia. With asci cells, spores are produced internally, and in the basidia they are produced externally. Spores are released when either the tip of the asci breaks off or the spores break off from the basidia. After the spores are released, they are carried by the wind, and it is possible for them to land far from the parent mushroom. After the spores are released, the cap or fruiting part of the mushroom dies. Asci and Basidia Cells The asci cells are located on the internal surface of the cup fungi. When the asci breaks open, the spores are released. Gilled mushrooms, boletes and puffballs all have basidia cells. In the gilled mushrooms, they are located on the bottom of the cap, from which the spores are dropped. In the boletes, they are located in tubes contained in the flesh of the mushroom cap, with pores that release the spores. In the puffball, they are located in the body of the cap, and the spores release when the shell of the cap breaks open. [图片]The Cycle Continues For a spore to survive and grow into a new mushroom, it must land in an environment that is appropriate for mushroom cultivation. The soil should be damp and moist. Mushrooms thrive in areas that are grassy and wooded. After landing in such an environment, the spore will grow hair-like filaments that are called hypha. From the hyphae, the mushroom's mycelium will grow. This is the part of the mushroom that grows below the soil. From the mycelium a stalk or stem will grow, and atop the stem will grow the fruiting cap. When the hypha of one spore meets with the hypha from another spore, a mating or germination process begins that results in the production of more spores.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
Mushrooms come in many shapes, sizes, colors and textures. And, many of them are harvested in the wild, such as morels and chanterelles. Efforts have been made to cultivate chanterelles, but to date, have not proved to be very successful because chanterelles require a symbiotic relationship with trees in the forests to flourish. However, researchers continue to experiment. [图片]Step 1 Understand chanterelles' natural habitat in order to look for them in the wild. They are typically found growing on the ground in the grass or under leaf debris and never on decaying trees or other wood. Step 2 Understand the climate. Most mushrooms, including chanterelles, thrive in moist conditions. Extended periods of rain provide the ultimate positive environment. Step 3 Know the fruiting season. The fruiting season takes place from May through October. Fall is the time to harvest. Step 4 Harvest. When they are ready, they are easy to pick. Simply pull them out of the ground. Gently rock and twist as needed. Step 5 Taste them. Chanterelles have a delicate flavor. They are sturdy and go well with light meats such as chicken. They are also good in soups, salads and on pizza. They are firm and most have a fibrous texture with a slight peppery flavor. [图片]Step 6 Store. There is no need to wash them. Simply brush the dirt off with a soft cloth or paper towel. Place them in a paper bag and store in the vegetable container in your refrigerator. They should keep for up to 7 to 10 days. Step 7 Contact your local extension office. If you are interested in learning more about cultivating mushrooms in general, there are some mushrooms, such as shiitakes, that can be cultivated fairly easily and are easy to grow. Step 8 Follow the research. Your local extension agent will be able to provide you with resources on chanterelles. He can keep you up to date about cultivating experiments and research that may be taking place in this area. See the Resource below to find the extension office in your area.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
Truffles are small, lumpy, white mushrooms that grow on the roots of hazelnut, pine and oak trees. A tree with roots containing truffle spores may take up to a year to produce truffles; they are rare because of this. It is possible to grow truffles by planting seeds fallen from a tree with truffles on its roots, but a more reliable method is to buy a sapling inoculated with truffle spores. Although it takes time for the first truffle crop to form, after the first crop, a tree can produce truffles for many years. [图片]Step 1 Place a terra-cotta pot on top of a drainage plate near a sunny window in a room that maintains a temperature of between 70 and 75 degrees, as truffles need a very temperate climate. Fill the pot about halfway with soil mixed with small gravel or sand. Truffles need soil with very good drainage; otherwise, they may rot. Step 2 Gently unwrap the root ball of a sapling that has been inoculated with truffle spores, untangling the roots slightly with your fingers. Put the sapling in the center of the pot, and scoop soil over the roots until they are completely covered. Step 3 Water the tree every other day. Empty the drainage plate when you notice water pooling and not being absorbed or evaporated. [图片]Step 4 Wait about a year and check the soil. Look for small, rounded lumps around the roots. Gently probe the soil with your fingers to find any truffles.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
The simplest method to harvest mushroom spores is to create a spore print. These prints are composed of thousands of microscopic fungal spores. They can last for years if properly stored, and can be used to grow the next generation of fruiting mushrooms. [图片]Begin the process of spore harvest only when the mushroom is ready. For most mushrooms, this is shortly after the edges of the cap have separated from the body of the stalk--a process called "veiling." Be sure your work station is completely clean before beginning. Step 2 Place the laminated card in the center of your work area. You can laminate an index card yourself by smoothly covering one or both sides with packing tape. The goal is to create a smooth, non-porous surface on which the mushroom cap will lie. Step 3 Put on the disposable gloves. Step 4 Wipe down the laminated card with the alcohol using the cotton balls. Wait five minutes before proceeding for the alcohol to evaporate. [图片]Step 5 Remove the mushroom cap from the stalk. In most mushrooms you can gently twist the cap off. If necessary, you can use a sharp knife to cut the stalk close to where it meets the cap. Step 6 Place the mushroom cap right-side up on the sterilized index card. Step 7 Quickly cover the card and cap with a clean cup or glass placed upside-down. Make sure that the rim of the cup is flush with the work surface and that no air can enter. Step 8 Leave the cup, mushroom cap and card for 12 hours. In this time, many thousands of spores will fall from the "gills" at the underside of the cap. Though each spore is too small to see, they will pile up to form visible mounds. Step 9 Lift away the covering cup and the mushroom cap. Carefully slide the laminated card, now bearing the mushroom spores, into the plastic bag. Take care not to scrape the spore location against the sides of the bag as you store it. Step 10 Seal the bag.
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Miss Chen
2017年12月10日
Miss Chen
Agaricus bisporus is the scientific name of a familiar agricultural product. It is more commonly know as the white or button mushroom. The most familiar form of the mushroom is the harvested caps we see in the grocery store. However, there's more to this form of fungi than meets the eye. [图片]Mycelial Growth Stage The life of Agaricus bisporus begins with spores. Each spore has a germ pore, a circular indentation in one end of the spore. From this pore, a haploid strand called a hypha will grow. Spores will enter the growth medium (soil, logs, etc.) and the hypha will grow, branching to form mycelium, a web of cells beneath the surface of the ground. Hypha Growth Stage The hypha are haploid, meaning they have exactly half of the chromosomes necessary to form a mushroom. When two genetically compatible hypha come in contact, the cell walls of each hypha dissolve and fuse together, combining their genetic material into one cell. From then on, any growth from these cells will also contain two nuclei, and will be dikaryotic, having a full set of chromosomes. These cells continue to form mycelium. This mycelium, however, is now capable of forming the fruiting bodies that we commonly call mushrooms. Fruit Body Stage Most mushroom species, including A. bisporus, will take several weeks to grow fruiting bodies. Immediately before fruiting bodies develop, nuclei within the dikaryotic cells begin to replicate in large numbers. Then the cells will divide rapidly, forming the fruiting bodies. As they grow, they will erupt from the growth medium as a bud, eventually forming a mushroom. This is typically the stage in the life cycle of A.bisporus when they are harvested for human consumption. [图片]Basidia Development Stage As the mushroom matures, it will develop a stem and cap. Under the cap, gills will form. As the gills mature, bubble-like cells called basidia will grow in the gill slits. These cells have two nuclei. The nuclei will eventually merge to form a single diploid nucleus. This will then reproduce through meiosis to form four haploid daughter cells. Spore Development Stage Projections called sterigmatae will then develop. The nuclei within the daughter cells will then migrate through this growth and form four spores at the tip. The spores wait at the end of the sterigmata until they are physically dislodged. The spores are then released from the mushroom, falling to the ground to begin the life cycle again.
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智人
2017年12月09日
智人
　　桂花的修剪不仅能保持桂花的树形，更能通过疏枝改善光照和通风条件，增大花量，让植株更健康，那么盆栽桂花什么时候修剪呢?不忙，我们看下文。 [图片]　　 春天是最适合修剪的季节。因为桂花是常绿树，不太耐寒，所以不能在冬天修剪。 　　而到了夏天的7、8月份，花芽开始萌发，如果这个时候修剪势必会剪掉带花芽的树枝，导致花量减少。 　　地栽的桂花可以在秋天花后进行小幅度的修整，但盆栽桂花不像地栽的那么健壮，也不适合在秋天修剪。所以，盆栽的桂花最好在春天修剪，最合适的月份是3月份。 　　另外，太小的植株也不适合修剪，一般可以在买回来2到3年之后再开始管理株型。修剪周期是一年一次。 　　#盆栽桂花的修剪建议： 　　1.剪掉交缠在一起的枝条，一般会有好几根枝条交缠在一起，留下其中一根，其余的都要剪掉。 　　2.桂花的一些分支喜欢向上生长，所以要对这些向上长的枝条进行修剪疏枝。修剪前先确定好剪掉哪些，留下哪些。 　　3.对内膛进行疏枝，留下向外生长的侧枝，剪掉里面向内生长的枝条。 　　4.最后要修饰一下整体形状。把一些特别长特别突出的枝条剪短，让整体线条更加柔和。注意要在靠近叶片的地方剪断，如果剩下的树枝太长的话，会导致腋芽无法长出，进而导致整个枝条枯萎。
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Miss Chen
2017年12月09日
Miss Chen
[图片]炮仗花原产南美洲巴西，在热带亚洲已广泛作为庭园观赏藤架植物栽培。中国广东（广州）、海南、广西、福建、台湾、云南（昆明、西双版纳）等地均有栽培。 炮仗花喜向阳环境和肥沃、湿润、酸性的土壤。生长迅速，在华南地区，能保持枝叶常青，可露地越冬。由于卷须多生于上部枝蔓茎节处，故全株得以固着在他物上生长。 [图片]关键点一.土壤 它对于空间面积的需求还是较大的，所以所挖的坑穴或者所选择的盆，都是要求要大些的，以便于给其施以多量的有机肥土，保证其营养充足。它对于土壤的需求并不算高，但是要知道它喜粘性重的土，最好让它在砂质的土中生长，因为砂质土排水性好，而且较为肥沃。 炮仗花 关键点二.温度 它的耐寒性并好，所以北方冬季时分，需要将它搬到室内让它平安过冬。记住，要将室内的温度保持在10度之上才行，而且植物是不能没有光的，所以要确保其在屋内也能接收到充分的阳光。 关键点三.施肥 应以磷肥作为其主要肥料。生长时期，用氮磷结合的较为稀薄的液肥，在两周左右施以一次。 关键点四.水分 一般情况下，需保持其插床湿润，还有最好每天在空气中喷洒一两次水，使其空气湿度保证在百分之八十到百分之九十之间。 它是不耐干的，但冬季时分也该根据情况适当的减少浇灌，要以土壤的湿度为依据，隔个两到三天为其浇一次。 关键点五.及时上架 它是藤本植物，具有攀缘性，是需要上架的。如果是在阳台上种植它的话，也是可以用粗铁丝以及竹竿为其搭建一个适当的架子，再小心地把它的茎蔓引至架上，然后让它分布均匀即可，记住，千万别用太大劲，小心伤到了美丽的炮仗花。 想想它成串挂在架上的场景，是不是感觉很开心很有成就感呢！好好养护它吧，让它为你的生活添道美妙多姿的颜色。
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