动态第445页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

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If you have ever wanted to grow mushrooms to save money buying them, you might also consider growing them as a small start-up business. Once you learn the basics of mushroom cultivation, it does not take much more effort or training to grow them in sufficient quantities to market and sell. Because mushrooms remain in high demand and command many dollars per pound, you can sell them to wholesalers or offer them at retail prices and make a hefty profit. [图片]Marketing Step 1 Establish buyer accounts with retail markets such as local grocery stores known to work with local growers, farmers' markets or restaurants. Retail markets will charge either a shelf fee for your product, a commission on each sale, or they might purchase the product outright. Step 2 Register accounts at food co-op websites like Skagitvalleyfoodcoop.com or Puget Sound Food Network (see resources), and schedule times to market your product line to vendors and distributors. Step 3 Establish buyer accounts with local wholesale markets such restaurant owners or retailers wanting to carry a new product line. Wholesale customer require deep discounts, but they purchase in bulk. They also require consistent delivery of products. Step 4 Obtain recipes to broaden your product base to include mushroom sauces and dried mushrooms. Although you will want to market your fresh products, you can create more sales with a larger product line. [图片]Business Preparation Step 1 Obtain a tax ID number for your business, commonly known as an employer identification number (EIN) by visiting IRS.gov and completing online form SS-4. You will receive your EIN immediately, and with it you can report your business income for tax purposes. Step 2 Obtain your sales tax ID number by visiting the directory of state government sales tax departments at SkipMcgrath.com. Click your state to go to the appropriate state government website, and apply for your sales tax number by completing the online Retailers' Sales Compensating Use and Withholding Taxes form. You will receive your sales tax number immediately, and you can use it to establish vendor accounts, so you don't have to pay sales tax on item or ingredients used for resale products. Step 3 Choose a name for your business by visiting website like Bizfiling.com or Mycorporation.com to determine the availability of your business name. To encourage initial sales, the business name should consist of a unique, catchy, customer-friendly name that clearly identifies your product. Step 4 Visit your city hall to obtain your local licensing and permits that include fictitious name permit, local operating license, health department license and sales tax license. The fictitious name permit allows you to operate your mushroom business under the name you've chosen, and the local operating license allows you to conduct business from a location within the city limits. You need a health department license to sell food, and you can use your sales tax identification to obtain your local sales tax license. Product Planning and Preparation Step 1 Establish a location for mushroom cultivation, knowing that it should allow high humidity levels of 95 to 100 percent and near total darkness. Starting temperatures must remain at 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and general cultivation temperature should remain at 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Step 2 Decide what types of mushrooms you want to grow, knowing that shiitake mushrooms provide an acceptable meat substitute for vegetarians and provide relatively easy cultivation. White button mushrooms offer a popular option for mushroom sellers, and portabello mushrooms require lengthy cultivation times as they represent the final stage of portobellini mushrooms. Step 3 Purchase your operating and growing supplies that include heating pads, growing pots, fertilizer, spray bottles, garden shears, food-grade packaging, cellophane wrapping, 8 1/2- by 11-inch sheets of price stickers, laser or inkjet printer, a thermometer and a portable humidifier with automatic humidity monitoring. Step 4 Purchase your spores or spawns either online at Earthstongue.com, Sporestore.com or Naturalmushrooms.com. Spores consist of the equivalent of mushroom seeds, and spawns consist of young mushrooms already growing. Step 5 Purchase or prepare your growing mediums, which can include "grow logs" for shiitake mushrooms or shallow 2-inch or four-inch ceramic bowls for white button mushrooms or portobello mushrooms. Growing and Harvesting Step 1 Place the spores in the grow log or ceramic bowls, and heat them to 70 degrees Fahrenheit using the heating pad. Allow them to heat for approximately three weeks. Step 2 Move the growing medium to the location designated as the growing location. It must remain between 50 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit at near total-dark conditions. Step 3 Allow the mushrooms to cultivate for three to four weeks. Step 4 Harvest the mushrooms when the mushroom umbrellas form fully and the hood clears the stem. Step 5 Package and prepare for your markets.

2017年12月01日

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In Appalachia, the elusive morel mushroom often receives the nickname "dry-land fish" due to both its fishy taste and appearance during the rainy, spring season. Hunting for morel mushrooms requires a passion for the mushroom's flavor as well as respect for the mystery of the fruit. Morel mushrooms require such specific growing conditions that few attempts at commercial production succeed and finding these mushrooms in the wild is often like searching for the infamous needle in a haystack. [图片]Step 1 Dress appropriately for your trip out in the woods and gather all your hunting materials ahead of time. Wear warm clothing and shoes that will not soak-through. Late March and early April provide the best time to hunt morel mushrooms, but do not provide the most desirable temperatures or weather, so dress warmly in water-resistant clothing to prevent yourself from becoming sick. Step 2 Enter the woods after a rain, while it is only sprinkling or even days after a period of rain. Walk carefully; watching every step you make to ensure you do not step on a morel. You can identify a morel by its spongy head that appears in shades of brown. The stalk attached to the mushroom head typically appears in a tan shade. Step 3 Check out prime morel growing locations to increase your chances of finding morels to harvest. Tom Volk, at the University of Wisconsin reports that morels often grow in locations where a forest fire occurred and on fallen, decaying trees. However, bear in mind that morels can occur anywhere and not just in these locations. [图片]Step 4 Harvest morels you locate by cutting off the stems of the mushrooms at ground level. This helps to avoid dirt on the stems, while also leaving the mycelium root structure of the mushroom in the ground to increase the chances that morels produce in the same location in following years. Simply cut the morel stems with a pocket knife and keep the knife closed when not in use. Step 5 Place harvested morels in a plastic or mesh bag. Mesh allows the mushrooms to breath and dry, while plastic bags do not. If you use plastic bags, be sure to remove the morels from the bag as soon as you return from your hunting trip, to prevent the mushrooms from rotting and becoming soggy.

2017年12月01日

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[图片]合欢花是豆科，合欢属落叶乔木，喜温暖湿润和阳光充足环境，气微香，味淡。产中国东北至华南及西南部各省区。生于山坡或栽培。非洲、中亚至东亚均有分布；北美亦有栽培。合欢花花丝粉红色，荚果偏，是城市行道树、观赏树。心材黄灰褐色，边材黄白色，耐久，多用于制家具；嫩叶可食，老叶可以洗衣服；树皮供药用，有驱虫之效。它还有宁神作用，主要是治郁结胸闷、失眠健忘、滋阴补阳、眼疾、神经衰弱等功效。 [图片]合欢花的观赏价值合欢树的树形优美，叶形独特，树冠宽大，夏季浓荫蔽日，羽状的复叶昼开夜合，十分神奇，夏日开花，粉红色绒毛状，不仅外形好看，还能吐露阵阵芬芳，形成轻柔的气氛。非常适合作为庭院树、绿化树栽培。将合欢树种植在林缘、房前、草坪、山坡上，可以起到点缀的效果。合欢花的绿化价值合欢对于氯化氢、二氧化碳的抗性比较强，对于二氧化硫有一定的抗性，所以非常适合作为厂矿、街道的绿化树。合欢花的药用价值合欢花味甘、性平，含有合欢甙，鞣质，解郁安神，滋阴补阳，理气开胃，活络止痛，具有清热解暑，养颜祛斑解酒等功效。合欢花可以用于治疗忧郁失眠，治郁结胸闷，失眠，健忘，风火眼，能安五脏，和心志，悦颜色，有较好的强身、镇静、安神、美容的作用，是治疗神经衰弱的佳品。合欢皮的多种同属植物的树皮均具有显著的兴奋子宫和致流产作用，山合欢树皮所含皂甙也有抗着床和抗早孕等作用。合欢花的药用方法合欢花治疗肺痈，取合欢皮一掌大，加水三升，煮成一半，分两次服用。合欢花治疗跌打损伤，用合欢皮，把粗皮去掉，炒成黑色，取四两，与芥菜子（炒）一两，共研为末，每服二钱，卧时服，温酒送下，另以药末敷伤处，能助接骨。合欢花治疗小儿撮口风，用合欢花枝煮成浓汁，揩洗口腔。

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[图片]空心菜原名叫做蕹菜，是番薯属光萼组植物。在福建、广西、贵州、四川称空心菜，福建称通菜蓊、蓊菜，江苏、四川称藤藤菜，广东称通菜。该种原产中国，现已作为一种蔬菜广泛栽培，或有时逸为野生状态。中国中部及南部各省常见栽培，北方比较少，宜生长于气候温暖湿润，土壤肥沃多湿的地方，不耐寒，遇霜冻茎、叶枯死。分布遍及热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲。除供蔬菜食用外，尚可药用，内服解饮食中毒，外敷治骨折、腹水及无名肿毒。蕹菜也是一种比较好的饲料。 [图片]有营养这种菜菜中含有很高成都的蛋白质和钙，蛋白质比蔬菜皇后西红柿的含量高出4倍，而钙含量更是比西红柿高12倍之多，同时它还含有大量胡萝卜素，可以明目，因此是一种富含营养的食物。可食用都知道药补不如食补，空心菜属于凉性的食物，夏天吃的话，对于中暑的症状治疗有好处，还能解热排毒，还能防止夏天高发的痢疾等疾病，是不可多得的夏日餐桌佳品。可减肥另外，这种蔬菜能够清除身体里多余的脂肪，因此很适合减肥人群来吃。女性也可以多吃空心菜，不但能够防止口臭、龋齿等口腔疾病，还能使肌肤细腻紧致，重回年轻皮肤状态呢。能入药我们都知道，碱性食品是健康食品，能中和过多的酸。而空心菜就是偏碱性一些，植物汁液中含有钾、氯等有益的元素，所以多吃空心菜，可以中和肠胃酸度，防止肠道里菌群失调导致的肠胃疾病。另外，空心菜的粗纤维很多，能够促进内脏的蠕动和循环，利于消化和排泄，因此便秘人群可以多多食用。多吃空心菜还可以预防癌症等疾病。因此，高血压、糖尿病、爱流鼻血、便秘、痔疮等患者，建议多吃空心菜哦！但是如果身体虚弱、脾胃比较虚的人，还是敬而远之吧！原来空心菜有这么多功效，同时又非常美味，不论是清炒，还是凉拌，都非常合适。小编已经忍不住了，快来吃空心菜，拥有健康身体吧！

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[图片]火焰树别名火烧花、喷泉树、苞萼木、火焰木，是加蓬共和国的国树。为紫葳科落叶大乔木，又名苞萼木，原产非洲，花期冬春之间，花朵杯形硕大，树高约10米，长约10-12厘米，冠幅较大，常作荫庇树或行道树，也适宜公园、社区、旅游区等地种植。细细观之，深红色的花瓣边缘有一圈金黄色的花纹，异常绚丽。 [图片]火焰树的观赏价值说到这个火焰树的价值，首先要说的就是它的观赏性。火焰树的观赏价值还是很高的，它主要是一种观花植物。火焰树的红艳艳的花朵，看起来就像是火焰一般，花期很长，并且株型比较美观，所以它十分适合要做观赏树木，做为景观树和庭院树都是十分具有观赏性的。其次就是火焰树的适应性是很强的，火焰树比较耐修剪并且萌发很快，在进行养殖的时候，生长使比较快的。并且火焰树在稍差一点的环境当中也能生长的比较好，像是在大城市当中，土壤比较差，并且有很多的垃圾污染及空气污染。在这种情况下火焰树同样是可以很好的生长的。所以将它作为观赏树木是十分合适的。火焰树的药用价值火焰树除了观赏性比较好之外，还适合用作药用植物。火焰树有着很多的别称，像是救军粮、救兵粮、救命粮等等，这一定程度上反应出来，这火焰树具有很高的药用的价值。火焰树一般是果实、根部和叶子都可以入药，在秋天的时候采摘果子，冬末春初的时候挖根，叶子可以随时采摘。这些部位可以发挥很大的功效。火焰树的果实具有消积止痢，活血止血的作用。主要用于消化不良和肠炎，痢疾等症状。火焰树的根部具有清热凉血的作用。主要用于跌打损伤，筋骨疼痛，腰痛等症状。火焰树的子叶则是有清热解毒的作用，可以外敷，能治疮疡肿毒。

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[图片]深山含笑，又名光叶白兰、莫夫人玉兰。木兰科含笑属，常绿乔木。中国特有物种。生长快、材质好、适应强，冬季不凋，早春白花满树，花大，有清香，种子红色，斜卵圆形。树型美观，有较高的观赏和经济价值。主要分布在浙江、福建、湖南、广东、广西、贵州等地。 [图片]观赏深山含笑，有人称它为“无人知处自然香”。它树形枝干修长优美，不论是枝干还是花、叶都具有很高的观赏价值。深山含笑并不像普通的含笑花那般叶细花小，它清香扑鼻，在室外自由烂漫的开放着。药用据李时珍的《百草纲目》等医书记载，天然的植物花草不仅外观美丽，香气宜人，而且含有丰富的营养成分和天然植物精华。深山含笑也毫不例外的具有中医药用价值。深山含笑的花，味辛、性温，具有散风寒，通鼻窍的功效，可以行气止痛。它的根具有清热解毒、行气化浊，止咳的功用。经济深山含笑是我国的一种速生常绿阔叶用材树种，它具有较强的繁殖能力。并且它的树干材质适宜人类进行加工。因此，深山含笑的具有木材使用的经济价值。

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[图片]白檀又名灰木、碎籽树、乌于、子木、栅柴等，为山矾科山矾属落叶灌木或小乔木，高达5米，嫩枝被毛。叶互生，椭圆形，长4-9.5 厘米，宽2-5.5厘米，边缘细锐锯齿。圆锥花序生枝顶，花白色。核果卵形，黑色。可作器具，亦可入药。广泛分布于中国东北部及黄河以南地区，尤以长江流域以南诸省区更为普遍。多生于海拨200-1000m丘陵山地疏林、灌木中和第四纪红土光坡。以向阳坡地及沟谷区生长较好，具有耐干早瘠薄，根系发达、萌发力强，易繁殖等优点，是优良的水土保持树种之一。 [图片]白檀的药用价值白檀可以供药用，清热解毒、调气散结、祛风止痒，还可以用来治疗乳腺炎、疝气、荨麻疹、淋巴腺炎等疾病。白檀的食用价值白檀的种子含油量为30%，经过提炼之后可以制成上等的食用油。白檀油有人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸，是比较理想、有益于健康的食用植物油。白檀的饲用价值白檀的叶片中含有丰富的矿物质，可以作家禽的饲料。白檀的观赏价值白檀的外形很优美，枝叶繁茂，春天白花盛开，秋季结下蓝色的果实，具有很高的观赏价值。白檀的工业价值白檀油可以用作工业用油，比如作机械行业的润滑油等；白檀的木材很细致，可以作为家具用材。白檀的生态价值白檀的耐旱性很好，根系也很发达，固土的能力很强，可以作为防治水土流失的先锋树种。白檀的繁殖力强，耐刈割的同时热值高，可以作为薪炭林种植。

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While the easiest method of growing mushrooms is to start with spawn that has been isolated by a professional mushroom-grower, for a big challenge you can grow mushrooms from store-bought mushrooms by creating an innoculation room and obtaining a sterile culture at home. [图片]Reproduction Mushrooms reproduce through spores. Fungal cell strands then grow together to form a mycelium. From the mycelium, mushrooms grow on wood or in wood products like sawdust. Types Pure fungal strains are isolated to produce spawn for specific species of mushroom such as shiitake, enoke, oyster, morel or button mushrooms, such as those commonly found at the grocery store. [图片]Method If you are industrious you can create an innoculation room in your home to use to isolate mushroom spawn. The room is a controlled space designed to decrease the competition in the natural environment so that mushroom spores are more likely to reproduce. By taking a sample of tissue from a store-bought mushroom and following the process of creating spawn, you can create the same strain of mushroom as the one you started with.

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Whether hunting for mushrooms in Virginia or elsewhere, take along a field guide for mushroom identification. Forests in Virginia offer cool, moist environments that produce mushrooms such as morels, chanterelles and oyster mushrooms, all of which are easy to identify. [图片]Morels Morel mushrooms are prized for their flavor and are first to appear in springtime. Morels appear at the beginning of mushroom season in April and continue to be found through May. They produce a laced and pitted cap and the mushrooms are 3 to 5 inches tall. Morels can be colored yellow, black and gray. Chanterelles Chanterelles are distinctive yellow-orange to orange colored mushrooms that grow in clumps in rich moist forest soil. They are distinguished by a ruffled fan shape in an upright position and grow in clumps weighing up to 3 pounds. Chanterelles look like no other mushroom so they are one of the easier ones to identify in late summer or early fall. [图片]Oyster Oyster mushrooms have flattened caps with gills on the underside. Oyster mushrooms grow from April to November and favor willow trees, although they can be found growing on poplar, oak and other deciduous tree trunks that have fallen and are in decay. Shaped like a half moon with gills, they appear in colors of brown, white and gray.