动态第441页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2017年12月05日

Morel mushrooms belong to the Morchella genus, which contains at least six species. Cooks highly prize these mushrooms for their delicate, earthy flavor, especially in French cuisine. Morel mushrooms are difficult to grow on a large scale, so mushroom hunters meet commercial needs by harvesting wild morel mushrooms. Private gardeners also grow morel mushrooms indoors, although these mushrooms are slow to produce the fruiting bodies commonly known as caps. [图片]Step 1 Punch drainage holes in the bottom of a shallow metal tray such as a cake pan to use as a fruiting tray. Clean the tray with a 5 percent solution of bleach to sterilize the pan. Step 2 Prepare a substrate containing 50 percent organic compost, 30 percent potting soil and 20 percent sand. Add enough powdered limestone to this mixture to raise the soil pH to 7.2. Fill the trays to a depth of 2 inches with the substrate. Step 3 Soak the substrate with water and allow it to drain completely. Add the morel mushroom spawn to the substrate according to the manufacturer's instructions. Step 4 Place the fruiting tray indoors in a temperature-controlled growing room with no light. Maintain a temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit with at least 90 percent humidity. Hard lumps of mycelium known as schlerotia should form on the surface of the substrate in four to six weeks. [图片]Step 5 Refrigerate the fruiting tray at 39 degrees Fahrenheit for two weeks. Slowly add 2 oz. of water to the fruiting tray for every square foot of the tray's surface area. Allow the water to drain from the fruiting tray for a full day. Step 6 Place the fruiting tray back in the growing room. Keep the relative humidity of the room above 90 percent and maintain it at a temperature of about 72 degrees Fahrenheit. Use grow lights to provide 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. The stalks of the morel mushrooms should appear within one week. Harvest the mushroom caps as they grow.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月05日

Picky morel mushrooms require exact soil, temperature and moisture levels in order to produce the edible fruiting bodies that mushroom hunters consider delicacies. For this reason, it is often difficult to propagate morel mushrooms to encourage larger yields in hunting grounds and to propagate additional morel mushroom patches nearer a hunter's home. Though successful yields depend upon specific, strict and somewhat mysterious conditions, spreading morel mushroom spores to encourage those higher yields and development of new patches is relatively easy. [图片]Step 1 Collect wild morel mushrooms from their natural locations to use spores from those mushrooms to propagate additional mushrooms. Search the woods near your home, or at state and national parks that allow mushroom hunting. Morel hot spots include the vicinities of ash trees, fallen and rotting logs, and in areas recently burned in forest fires. Step 2 Cut the fruiting bodies -- the stems and caps -- of the morel mushroom at the ground, leaving the underground root system of the fungi intact. Interconnected root systems of the morel mushrooms may spread over large areas of the forest and will reproduce more efficiently if you leave them intact when harvesting the fruiting bodies. Step 3 Place harvested morel mushrooms in mesh grocery bags or make your own breathable bags from the red mesh sacks used to contain potatoes and onions on grocery store shelves. The open design of the bags prevents morels from sweating as they would in plastic grocery bags and allows morel spores to fall to the forest floor as you continue morel hunting. This will encourage higher yields of morels in your hunting site. [图片]Step 4 Spread morel mushrooms on old towels, sheets or newspapers to dry. Space mushrooms so they do not touch. As the mushrooms dry, spores will fall onto the towels, sheets or newspapers, creating yellow and brown spots. Step 5 Remove and bag the dried mushrooms for storage. Take the towels, sheets or old newspapers outdoors and shake the morel spores off, over an area you intend to use as a new morel patch. Newspapers printed with soy-based ink that does not contain chemical additives may be spread on the ground and covered with a layer of forest soil and rotting leaves. This layer of rotting leaves is full of the nutrients and minerals necessary to encourage growth and mimic the morel's natural habitat.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月05日

Mushrooms are the product or fruit of fungus-infested soil and can produce rather quickly taking over a lawn. The fungus feeds off decaying substances in the soil, such as old rotting mulch, dying tree stumps and animal feces. Removal of lawn mushrooms can be difficult, once the fungus has infested a large portion of the yard. Chemical products are one way to rid the yard of the mushrooms and fungus, but are more likely to work once the matter the fungus is feeding on is removed. [图片]Fertilizer Fertilizers containing nitrogen not only stimulate lawn growth, but can also rid the lawn of mushrooms. Nitrogen rich soil provides the perfect base for a fast growing lawn, but also increases organic waste and matter decomposition times. Nitrogen also speeds up the growth and breakdown of the mushroom systems, lessening the lifespan of the fungus. Fungicides Fungicides, available in both powder and liquid form, are chemical compounds used in the removal of different types of fungi. Depending on the type of fungicide used, the chemical may either slow the growth of the fungus, keeping new growth from being reproduced or kill the fungus, causing both the fruit and root system to die. Fungicides must be used with care, especially when used in gardens or on lawns where pets and children walk or play. Lime Lime, used by gardeners to prevent pests from eating plants and raise the soils acidity levels in gardens and lawns, can also help slow the growth of mushrooms. Lime raises the PH level of the soil. While grass and some flowering plants thrive in a higher PH level soil, mushrooms prefer lower PH levels and will not grow well or produce fruit in acidic soils. While lime will not actually kill the mushrooms, it can work to slow and eliminate the fungus when used in conjunction with other lawn chemicals. [图片]Considerations While chemical products can slow the growth of fungi and even, at times, eliminate it from a lawn, fungus growth is a sign of a rich soil environment and fruit may reappear if soil conditions remain fertile. Removal of animal feces and other decaying matter, such as rotting tree stumps, can help eliminate the growth of fungi. Lawns mowed on a regular basis may also help slow the spread of growing fungi fruit. Homeowners should also not use fungus infested lawn clippings in compost, as the fungus can easily spread to any area where the compost is used.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

[图片]杜松常绿灌木或小乔木，高达10米，树冠圆柱形，老时圆头形。大枝直立，小枝下垂。其叶为刺形条状、质坚硬、端尖，上面凹下成深槽，槽内有一条窄白粉带，背面有明显的纵脊。球果，熟时呈淡褐黄色或蓝黑色，被白粉。种子近卵形，顶端尖，有四条不显著的棱。杜松是一种耐旱、耐寒，须根系发达，适应性强的优良树种，为陕北黄土高原地区的先锋树种，易于形成疏林草原，在改善气候、改良土壤、水土保持等方面发挥着重要的作用。其栽培变种为垂枝杜松。 [图片]酿酒价值杜松有一个不为众人所知的秘密那就是酿酒，杜松的果实可以酿造出美味的酒。药物价值杜松的枝条、叶片以及它的果实都有一定的药物作用，特别是对金黄色葡萄球菌有着良好的抑制作用。杜松有止痛、除湿气、利尿、祛风湿以及对尿道的抗病菌作用都有着非常好的效果，杜松对于霍乱、伤感等这一类感染性的疾病有着良好的治愈效果。在西藏地区人们会用它来预防伤寒，在蒙古地区，许多妇女甚至会用杜松作为帮助生产的一大帮手，如果被虫咬伤，杜松也有着及其良好的愈合作用。燃烧杜松的枝条还能够清洁空气。杜松还能够帮助消化，可以治愈膀胱炎，有利于治疗慢性关节炎、风湿类的疾病。园林价值杜松可以作为园林绿化的植物，杜松枝叶浓密，姿态优美挺拔，非常适合种植在庭院、道路两旁。杜松这一植物在长春、哈尔滨等东北地区的城市种植的比较多。除此之外，杜松还可以作为盆栽养殖在室内，装饰家庭布局。其他价值杜松的木质比较坚硬，比较耐腐蚀，纹理细密，可以作为工艺品、家具、农具、雕刻品等的制作原材料。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

[图片]飞碟瓜又名碟瓜、碟形瓜、齿缘瓜、扁圆西葫芦，为葫芦科南瓜属美洲南瓜的一个变种。其果实既可以观赏，又可以食用，是一种难得的现食兼用园艺植物。飞碟瓜在我国栽培的历史很短。最初它是作为一种名特蔬菜于20世纪90年代从俄罗斯、韩国、美国等地相继引入进行栽培的。 [图片]飞碟瓜营养价值飞碟瓜是一种营养物质非常丰富的植物，他的果实、种子、花柄、花都可以食用，而且飞碟瓜浑身都含有丰富的维生素b1，维生素b2，还有维生素c，除此之外，并且还有多种矿物元素。飞碟瓜医疗价值飞碟瓜除了有丰富的营养物质之外，它还有着非常显著的医疗作用，它有利于人体胆汁的分泌，有利于人体肝脏中糖原的还原，除此之外还可以治疗肥胖病，动脉硬化，肝肾病，调节人体的血液循环。如果有想要减肥的花友，就可以使用飞碟瓜达到减肥的目的，会有非常显著的效果。而且飞碟瓜的果实中有果胶质，可以促进胃粘膜肠道免受危害或者是促进伤口的愈合。飞碟瓜观赏价值飞蝶花是一种观赏性极强的园艺植物，大家都知道他是我国早年从俄罗斯、韩国、美国等国家引进进口而来的，飞碟瓜的果实非常优美，有白色，黄色，绿色三种颜色，因为它的外形形似于飞碟，所以又被人们称为碟瓜，飞碟瓜，是一种观赏价值极高的植物。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

[图片]蒜香藤，又名紫铃藤、张氏紫葳，为紫葳科常绿藤状灌木。植株蔓性，具卷须，叶为二出复叶，深绿色椭圆形，具光泽。花腋生，聚伞花序，花冠筒状，开口五裂。花期春季至秋季，盛花期8-12月。其花、叶在搓揉之后，有大蒜的气味，因此得名蒜香藤。蒜香藤性喜高温，原产于南美洲的圭亚那和巴西。蒜香藤生性强健，病虫害少，一般作为篱笆、围墙美化或凉亭、棚架装饰之用。此花还有一个特点是能随着时间推移而变色。刚开时花为粉紫色，几天后慢慢转为粉红色，最后变成白色而掉落。 [图片]蒜香藤的观赏价值蒜香藤的观赏价值可以说是众人皆知的了，蒜香藤的花朵颜色呈现出高贵迷人的淡紫色，花朵怒放之时，会散发出清新淡雅的香气，将其种植在自己的小院当中，别有一番情趣，另外也可以放置在园林景观当中，成本比较低，很适合种植，在装点园林的美丽风光之时，也将园林空地很好的利用了起来，另外，蒜香藤的生命力比较旺盛，更为其为园林做贡献奠定了一定的基础。蒜香藤的养生以及保健功能蒜香藤在开花之时，会散发出清新淡雅的香气，这种香气，有的人说是一种蒜香，不仅是花朵，就连蒜香藤的叶片当中也会散发这样的味道，如果是轻轻的揉搓蒜香藤的花朵以及叶片，蒜香藤的香气会更加的浓郁，研究表明这种香气当中含有一种对人身体有益的化学物质，是一类而烯丙基硫化物，这种物质不仅可以抗氧化，也有一定的抗衰老的作用，另外，这种物质在人的身体内部可以阻止胃癌物质的沉淀，大大降低胃癌的发病几率，起到一定的养生保健的作用。蒜香藤的药用价值基本上，所有的植物都具有一定的药用价值，而蒜香藤不仅根茎可以入药，就连叶片当中都含有大量的重要药用元素，蒜香藤入药之后对呼吸道疾病以及伤风等疾病有很好的治疗的作用，对癌症等疾病有很好的预防和抑制的作用。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

[图片]凤眼蓝浮水草本。须根发达，棕黑色。茎极短，匍匐枝淡绿色。叶在基部丛生，莲座状排列；叶片圆形，表面深绿色；叶柄长短不等，内有许多多边形柱状细胞组成的气室，维管束散布其间，黄绿色至绿色；叶柄基部有鞘状黄绿色苞片；花葶多棱；穗状花序通常具9-12朵花；花瓣紫蓝色，花冠略两侧对称，四周淡紫红色，中间蓝色，在蓝色的中央有1黄色圆斑，花被片基部合生成筒；雄蕊贴生于花被筒上；花丝上有腺毛；花药蓝灰色；花粉粒黄色；子房长梨形；花柱长约2厘米；柱头上密生腺毛。蒴果卵形。花期7-10月，果期8-11月。原产巴西。现广布于中国长江、黄河流域及华南各省。喜欢温暖湿润、阳光充足的环境，适应性也很强，具有一定的耐寒能力，生于海拔200-1500米的水塘、沟渠及稻田中。亚洲热带地区也已广泛生长。凤眼蓝在生长适宜区，常由于过度繁殖，阻塞水道，影响交通。凤眼蓝曾一度被很多国家引进，广泛分布于世界各地，亦被列入世界百大外来入侵种之一。全草为家畜、家禽饲料；嫩叶及叶柄可作蔬菜。全株也可供药用，有清凉解毒、除湿祛风热以及外敷热疮等功效。 [图片]凤眼蓝的花语凤眼蓝象征着此情不渝，它的花语是对感情、对生活的追求至死不渝。凤眼蓝的观赏价值凤眼蓝是浮生的草本植物，须根发达，茎极短，花是浅蓝色的，呈多棱喇叭状，上方的花瓣比较大，正中央有一个明显的鲜黄色斑点，就像是凤眼一样，也像孔雀翎尾端的花点，非常亮丽。凤眼蓝具有很高的观赏价值，经常作为园林水景中的造景材料，作为观花花卉养殖在家中也是不错的选择。凤眼蓝的农用价值凤眼蓝对氮、磷、钾、钙等多种元机元素有较强的富集作用，其中对大量元素钾的富集作用尤为突出。在现有凤眼蓝资源化利用方式中，较为简易而普遍的是用其堆制有机肥及生产沼气，也可直接利用其干粉或将燃烧后的灰分作为肥料或土壤改良剂使用。凤眼蓝还可以作为鸡、鸭、鹅、鱼、猪的优良饲料，柔软多汁，鲜嫩可口，营养丰富，将其切碎、粉碎或打浆，拌入糠麸，制成混合饲料或青贮饲料，既能提高饲料利用率，还可杀灭寄生虫。凤眼蓝的食用价值凤眼蓝性凉、味淡。有清热解暑，利尿消肿，祛风湿的功效，可以用于治疗中暑烦渴，水肿，小便不利，外敷热疮。凤眼蓝的干物质中主要是粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等等，其花朵和嫩叶可以直接食用，味道清香爽口，并且有润肠通便的功效，马来西亚等地的土著居民常以凤眼蓝的嫩叶和花作为蔬菜。凤眼蓝的环保价值凤眼蓝是监测环境污染的良好植物，它可监测水中是否有砷存在，还可净化水中汞、镉、铅等有害物质。在生长过程中能吸收水体中大量的氮、磷以及某些重金属元素等营养元素，凤眼蓝对净化含有机物较多的工业废水或生活污水的水体效果更加理想。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

[图片]紫荆，豆科紫荆属，落叶乔木或灌木。原产于中国。性喜欢光照，有一定的耐寒性。喜肥沃、排水良好的土壤，不耐淹。萌蘖性强，耐修剪。皮果木花皆可入药，其种子有毒。是家庭和美、骨肉情深的象征。 [图片]紫荆的观赏价值紫荆的花个体虽然较小，但是多堆簇于枝头，形成很大的花丛，并且带有诱人的香气。紫荆的花拥有五个花瓣，多为红色或者粉红色，在南方地区十分常见，也是南方地区的景区景点中常见的观赏性花卉之一。紫荆宜栽庭院、草坪、岩石及建筑物前，用于小区的园林绿化，具有较好的观赏效果。紫荆的经济价值紫荆的枝干可以在制造业发挥作用。木材纹理比较直，结构比较细腻，可以供家具、建筑行业使用，有很大的经济价值。紫荆的药用价值紫荆的皮、果、木、花都可以入药，但是种子有毒。紫荆的树皮味苦、性平，有清热解毒，活血行气，消肿止痛之功效，可治产后血气痛、疗疮肿毒、喉痹，还可以用于风寒湿痹，经闭，血气痛，喉痹，淋证，痈肿，癣疥，跌打损伤，蛇虫咬伤。紫荆的花清热凉血，祛风解毒，可治风湿筋骨痛、鼻中疳疮。紫荆的木部味苦、性平，有活血、通淋的功效，可以治疗痛经，瘀血腹痛、淋证。紫荆的果实经过工业的提炼后可以治疗咳嗽、孕妇心痛。紫荆的药用方法紫荆入药后多以煎汤服用为主，用量在一到两钱左右，另外也可以把紫荆浸酒，浸好后直接外用，也能起到不错的治疗效果。紫荆对人类的肿毒有很好的治疗作用，在治疗的时候可以把它和其他的种药搭配使用。具体用法是紫荆皮三两、独活三肉和赤芍药二两，生白术一两，最后加入木蜡一肉，把它们一起加工成粉末，然后用热油调制，调好以后直接敷在长有肿毒的部位上，每天换药一次。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

Foraging for wild mushrooms has been a pastime for decades, but is gaining in popularity as Americans develop their palates. Not only do wild mushrooms lend a unique, delicate flavor and meaty texture to a dish, they represent a challenge for food lovers. Veteran gatherers of wild mushrooms meet to share tips and successes, band together for hunting expeditions and even hold wild mushroom festivals. But they often keep their favorite collecting spots to themselves. While it's an engaging hobby, Pennsylvania is home to both delicious and deadly wild mushrooms. Novices should proceed carefully and know for certain what they're eating. [图片]What Not To Eat Learn to identify the toxic mushrooms first. This may seem counterintuitive, but learning what not to pick right off the bat will prevent you from making the worst mistakes. Most, but not all, of the toxic mushrooms in Pennsylvania belong to the Amanita genus. Amanitas vary widely in appearance, but all have white spores and grow on the ground rather than on wood. Many have wartlike bits of tissue on the cap, a cuplike structure around the base of the stalk and/or membranous tissue that covers the gills. Step 2 Learn to identify edible species one at a time. For a beginner, a good field guide is essential. Study the size, color, odor, habitat and growth season. Do not eat a mushroom you have found unless all of the characteristics match the field guide. Some species are much easier to identify than others; err on the side of caution. Step 3 Learn from a mycologist or join a local mushroom club if you are just starting out. It's helpful to have someone who is knowledgeable on the subject to confirm your identifications until you gain confidence. Common Wild Mushrooms Identify the morel by the surface of its cap, covered with honeycomb-like ridges. The morel is one of the most celebrated wild mushrooms, and one of the easiest to identify. It resembles a cone-shaped sponge on a stalk and is commonly found in wooded areas in the spring. The bottom edge of the cap is attached directly to the stalk. [图片]Step 2 Find the "giant puffball" mushroom all over open areas in late summer and early fall, particularly in fields and backyards. It resembles nothing more than a somewhat deflated volleyball, and tends to be about that size, although it can be as small as an inch in diameter. The interior of a puffball starts out solid white, turning yellow, then brown as the mushroom ages. Only fresh puffballs should be consumed. Slice it open to check the interior color before cooking. Step 3 Add a colorful and mistake-proof mushroom to your repertoire by reading up on the "chicken of the woods" (Laetiporus sulphureus), another tasty treat in store for Pennsylvania foragers. Yellow and orange, it forms a cluster of shelves growing on dead wood, and can be found in late summer and fall. This is a good species for beginners because it is distinctive with no poisonous look-alikes. Step 4 Continue to expand your knowledge one species at a time. Other edible mushrooms in Pennsylvania include the king bolete (Boletus edulis), shaggy mane (Coprinus comatus) and horn of plenty (Craterellus cornucopiodes). Once you have learned to identify several species, wild mushrooms can be found almost anywhere.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月04日

In general, fungi have a very short life span, though it differs greatly from species to species. Some types may live as short as a day, while others survive anywhere between a week and a month. The life cycle of a fungus begins as a spore and lasts until germination. [图片]Spore Development Fungi begin their life as spores that are released from a fully grown fungi. After they are released, the cells of the spore divide and spread into hyphae. When hyphae formed from spores released by two different fungi meet, they may fuse together to create a single cell with two nuclei. Mushroom Once the two-nucleus cells, also called dikaryons, have matured, they develop into a fruiting body known as a mushroom. The nuclei of the cells in the mushroom will undergo further divisions and eventually form haploid cells--cells with a single set of chromosomes--that then divide through meiosis and create spores. [图片]Death Once a fungus has completed creating spores through meiosis, it effectively dies. The spores spread and the remaining stalk and hyphae do not got through another fruiting process. The remnants of the fungus then decompose in the soil.

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