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Miss Chen
2017年11月29日
Miss Chen
Morels are highly prized among mushroom hunters. Their emergence is influenced by soil temperatures. Taking the soil temperature in an area where morels are known to grow is an effective way to gauge when they may appear. [图片]Morel Growth and Emergence When soil temperatures are ideal, the body of the morel begins to fruit as a tiny knot on an underground network of mycelium, a complex of long, thread-like fungi cells. The knot rapidly enlarges until it becomes a tiny club that pushes its way to the soil surface. Ideal Temperatures Morels grown under controlled conditions for commercial purposes fruit when the soil reaches a consistent temperature of approximately 53 degrees F. Wild morels also appear under these conditions. Taking Soil Temperature Use a probe-type digital thermometer to take soil temperatures. Take the temperature daily and be consistent. Take it in the same spot, at the same time and at the same depth (preferably 2 to 6 inches). [图片]Effects of Temperature Fluctuations Many factors can influence the soil temperature, including the amount of leaf litter or debris on the ground, the amount of sunlight, rain and air temperature. When weather conditions cause the soil temperature to increase rapidly, morels will appear suddenly. If soil temperature warms slowly, morels take longer to develop.
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Miss Chen
2017年11月29日
Miss Chen
Mushrooms are fungal fruiting bodies. Most mushrooms have an umbrella-like appearance; they have a broad stalk topped by a flattened or cup-like cap. They produce fungal spores on the underside of the cap. The spores disperse on the wind and create new fungal bodies. Mushrooms grow on a number of different materials such as trees, mulch and compost. Edible mushrooms can be expensive in stores, but you can grow your own button mushrooms in boxes at home with only a few basic supplies. [图片]Growing Mushrooms at Home Step 1 Pile compost into the wooden tray or trays and mix mushroom flake spawn into the compost. Use approximately 1 or 2 cups of mushroom flakes for each 2-by-3-foot tray. Allow the compost and mushroom flake mixture to sit overnight. The next day, press the mixture into the trays using a piece of wood or some heavy bricks. Leave around 2 inches of space at the top of the tray. Step 2 Place the trays in a cool, dark area such as in a shed, under a table or in a closet. Keep your growing temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. In about two or three weeks, the top of the compost should be covered in a thin white webbing of fungal mycelium. Mist the mixture with water several times a day. Do not pour water directly on the compost, because this can damage the developing fungal growth. Step 3 Apply peat moss to the top of the compost mixture when the mycelial webbing begins to form. Moisten the peat moss until it holds together easily when you squeeze it in your hand. Add around 1.5 inches to the top of the compost and moisten it again so that it is thoroughly dampened but not soggy. Lower the temperature to around 55 degrees F. Cover the moistened peat moss with a layer of damp newspapers. Spray the newspapers twice a day to maintain the moisture level. [图片]Step 4 Remove the newspapers after around 10 days. Small white pinheads should be apparent within several days after removing the newspaper. They will ripen into fresh mushrooms in around a week. Your mushrooms will grow faster if you increase the temperature in the room to around 65 or 70 degrees F, but you may end up with too many at once, so it's usually better to keep the temperature between 50 and 55 degrees so that the mushrooms grow more slowly. Step 5 Your compost and peat moss mixture will continue to produce mushrooms approximately every two weeks for between three and six months. Dispose of the compost when it stops yielding mushrooms and start the process over.
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Miss Chen
2017年11月29日
Miss Chen
Known by the more lyrical name Matsutake, pine mushrooms are a prized fungus with a high market price tag. They are collected in season and can command as much as $100 per pound. The North American mushrooms are large white fungus while the ones from Japan are a dark, rich-brown color. The pine mushroom is harvested in fall from under Lodgepole or Jack pine trees nestled amongst pine needles and moss. The mushroom is purportedly very difficult to grow, but you can find spore on some specialty mycelium sites. Easy to recognize by its fruity, spicy, pungent smell, this mushroom is well worth a little effort to grow. [图片]Step 1 Find a Lodgepole or Jack pine that is middle aged. It will be around 30 to 50 feet tall and the roots will be mature enough to support the mycorrhizal relationship it has with pine mushroom spores. Pine mushrooms only grow in British Columbia (Canada), Washington, Oregon and Idaho under Lodgepole pines. They grow under Jack pines in the northeast. Step 2 Look at the base of the tree for natural pine compost. The process to make it would take years to duplicate in the home, because it takes 10 years for a pine needle to decompose. It is more reliable to use the nature-produced product. The compost has leaves and other organic matter in addition to pine needles and is the preferred breeding site for pine mushrooms. Step 3 Prepare the substrate by mixing 2 2/3 cups of brown rice flour and 8 cups vermiculite in a large bowl. Moisten them with 2 2/3 cups of water and then fill the jars. Put the seals on and close the lids. Place the jars in the large canning pot with enough water to come halfway up the side of the jars. Boil for 30 minutes. Allow the jars to cool. Step 4 Inoculate the substrate you just made. Wipe the lids of the jars with alcohol and also the ice pick. Use the ice pick to poke a hole in the lid. Inject 1/4 cc of spore into the substrate. Cover the hole with tape. Put the jars in a dark place that is 85 degrees Fahrenheit, for 10 to 20 days. [图片]Step 5 Use the pitchfork to turn over the compost at the base of the tree. Reserve a small amount to cover the spawn. Sprinkle the pine mushroom or Matsutake spawn in the substrate over the disturbed compost in late summer. Cover lightly with the disturbed compost. Pine mushrooms are nearly impossible to cultivate but using the natural growing conditions may enhance your chances. Step 6 Visit the site regularly to make certain there is some moisture in the substrate which you can feel as coolness on your fingers. If the substrate is dry, it will not fruit, so check daily if there is no rain. Pine mushrooms are ready for harvest in mid to late fall.
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Miss Chen
2017年11月29日
Miss Chen
Bitterweed is an annual wildflower from the aster family that frequently infests pastures, sandy ground, prairies and disturbed sites. The weedy plant has a mature height of ½ to 2 ½ feet and blooms with small, five to 10 petaled yellow flowers. Bitterweed gets its name from its bitter, toxic foliage that gives cow milk a bitter taste if grazed. Greater quantities of foliage ingestion can kill domesticated farm animals and horses. You can kill bitterweed in pastures with the use of 2, 4-D herbicide, as recommended by the Mississippi State University Extension. [图片]Step 1 Apply the herbicide to young, active growing weeds for best control. Younger plants are more effectively controlled than the more mature ones. Step 2 Check that the weeds have at least two true leaves before you start treatment. If the weeds do not have true leaves, the effect of the herbicide is reduced. Step 3 Mix herbicide at the rate of 1 to 2 pints for every 10 to 20 gallons of water. Fill the sprayer with herbicide solution. Step 4 Spray all weed plants evenly at the recommended rate of 20 gallons per acre. Do not use a low spray volume, as this usually does not provide coverage adequate to kill the weed. [图片]Step 5 Do not treat pastures that are severely drought stressed. Also, do not use the herbicide on pastures of annual legumes until after the production of seed.
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Miss Chen
2017年11月29日
Miss Chen
The Arkansas region has some edible mushroom varieties for those interested in picking their own, but mushrooms can range from tasty and healthful to mildly poisonous and fatal. Exercise caution while collecting mushrooms for cooking. Seek expert guidance until you learn to identify edible mushrooms from their poisonous counterparts. [图片]Puffball Puffballs are stalkless mushrooms resembling pears. They are usually white, tan or gray in color. Puffballs occur in fall and toward the end of summer inhabiting pastures, barren grounds and lawns dry without trees, or dying wood and dead trees. Examine the interiors of puffballs before cooking. Cut them top-to-bottom and check if the interiors are stark white resembling white bread. As a puffball mushroom ages, the insides turn yellow and then brown, finally becoming a dark powdery bulk. Aging features can decrease the taste of the mushroom. Peel the skin off the puffball, if it is hard, before cooking. Oyster Oyster mushrooms resemble an oyster shell and grow in spring, fall and winter. They can be white, ivory or tan brown. They have short stems from which white gills sprout. You can see them growing on wood in bunches with their caps overlapping. Immerse oyster mushrooms in salt water before cooking. They may carry bugs and saltwater treatment remedies it. Morel The pits and ridges on these mushrooms make morels easy to recognize. Another distinctive feature of the morel is its cap, the lower end of which flares into the stem. Counties in the north of Arkansas see mostly yellow and black morels. Yellow morels are aged versions of the common morel species; the pits and ridges of these morels are yellowish brown in color, which gives them their name. The black morel has ridges that are gray or tan-colored on a young one, which gradually turns black as the mushroom grows old; the pits are brown in color and stretched in shape. Morels are spring specials and can grow in a variety of habitats including river beds, trees and wet woods. Cut the morel partially to check if it is insect-ridden, before cooking. [图片]Bolete Boletes have thick caps and stems. The caps are either brown or reddish-brown in color. The under portion of the cap consists of a spongy surface of pores, which you can detach from the cap. Boletes are summer treats. They grow under trees or on ground close to trees; pine trees are their favorite habitat. There are few precautions to use with boletes as some members of this species are poisonous. Avoid boletes with orange or red pores. Taste a piece of uncooked bolete cap; if it tastes bitter or unpleasant discard it. If you find the bolete cap oily to the touch, remove it as it can cause diarrhea. Boletes can be hard to digest; so, cook them instead of eating raw. Check boletes for bugs before cooking.
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后果的大树
2017年11月28日
后果的大树
第一次繁殖茶梅的花友很想知道茶梅什么时候插枝条比较好，一般来说在每年的5-8月份都可以扦插，而扦插温度需要保持在20℃以上，这样才能生根快，说完扦插的时间，我们可以适当学习茶梅扦插的一些要点。 [图片]枝条选取，我们最好选择5年以上母株上的健壮枝，选取当年皮色红棕、腋芽饱满、易于发根的半成熟枝，在单叶和腋芽下留1-2.5厘米剪截成短枝作插穗，剪去下部多余的叶片，保留2- 3片叶即可。 扦插基质，可以用素沙，珍珠岩，蛭石等疏松透气的介质扦插。 扦插期养护，扦插期要注意保持适度，基质不可过干也不可积水，保持湿而不涝就可以。 光照，扦插茶梅适合遮阴进行，除阴雨天外，切忌阳光直射，有批量繁殖的都是遮光繁殖，白天遮光，晚上拿开遮挡物，当生根后可逐步增加棚内的光照。 下面是花友关心的生根时间问题，正常情况下，茶梅扦插生根大概在20-30天，但是也有50天生根的情况，这主要取决于枝条以及扦插的条件。
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Miss Chen
2017年11月28日
Miss Chen
[图片]四照花，别名：山荔枝，石枣科；原产东亚，落叶乔木。因花序外有2对黄白色花瓣状大型苞片，光彩四照而得名。四照花树形美观圆整呈伞状，叶片光亮，入秋变红，且留存树上达1月有余。秋季红果满树，硕果累累，一派丰收景象。春赏亮叶，夏观玉花，秋看红果红叶，是一种极其美丽的庭园观花观叶观果园林绿化佳品。又因其果实营养丰富可食用，各部分可入药，所以它又是一种重要的经济树种。 [图片]观赏价值 四照花是一种生性较野的小乔木，它分布的地域比较的广泛，对于它的生长管理也可以放得开一些。四照花的繁殖十分简单，而且它的生长周期比较的短，通常被用作绿化使用，来美化道路或者是庭院都可以。四照花还能使荒凉的土地变得有肥力，适合其他植物的生长，因此这种植物被广泛的应用，是一种想到好的植物。 四照花的外形非常的美观，看起来也是比较整齐，到了每年的夏季，还会开出迷人的花朵，白色的花苞盖满了整棵树冠，十分的耀眼动人。这种植物可以单独的进行种植，也可以好几棵一起种植，通常配合着一些较矮的灌木进行栽种，这样能够更好的展现出观赏的价值。 食用价值 四照花结出的果子可以食用，也可以将其用来酿酒。而且它的木质很坚硬，纹理也相对的比较细腻，可以将其进行加工，是一种良好的木质材料，一般用来做成农具的具柄。 药用价值 四照花的花和叶可以拿来入药，药用和食用同时具备的树种，果实做成新鲜的食品，制成醋都是可以的，入药后可以帮助治疗女性的通经、胃部寒冷，腹部疼痛的症状，还可以起到活血消肿的功效。
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Miss Chen
2017年11月28日
Miss Chen
[图片]荷花属山龙眼目，莲科，是莲属二种植物的通称。又名莲花、水芙蓉等。是莲属多年生水生草本花卉。地下茎长而肥厚，有长节，叶盾圆形。花期6至9月，单生于花梗顶端，花瓣多数，嵌生在花托穴内，有红、粉红、白、紫等色，或有彩纹、镶边。坚果椭圆形，种子卵形。 荷花种类很多，分观赏和食用两大类。原产亚洲热带和温带地区，中国早在周朝就有栽培记载。荷花全身皆宝，藕和莲子能食用，莲子、根茎、藕节、荷叶、花及种子的胚芽等都可入药。其出污泥而不染之品格恒为世人称颂。“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”就是对荷花之美的真实写照。荷花“中通外直，不蔓不枝，出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”的高尚品格，历来为古往今来诗人墨客歌咏绘画的题材之一。 1985年5月荷花被评为中国十大名花之一。荷花是印度和越南的国花。 [图片]荷花的食用价值 荷花具有较高的食用价值，它可以食用的部分是莲子和莲藕，以及荷叶、荷花，都可以拿来食用。 莲子是一种珍贵的食品，像是传统的莲子粥、莲子粉等，都是人们所喜爱的食物。莲藕主要是用作蔬菜和蜜饯，荷叶荷花都可以在烹饪的时候添加进去，作为辅材食用，荷叶还可以用来泡茶。所以说，荷花食用方法很多，可以吃出不同的花样来。 需要注意的是，在食用莲藕的时候，应该将其削皮，以免将表皮上的有毒物质都吃下去了。 荷花的药用价值 荷花的药用价值非常丰富，它的花、叶、藕以及莲子，包括莲衣、莲须，都可以入药。 荷花品种比较多，不同的品种上的不同的部位，会有不一样的药用效果，但是总体来讲，荷花对人的身体十分有益，已经成为保健和药用的良品。 荷花的观赏价值 荷花的观赏，其实可以分为三个类型，一是荷花的水景观赏，二是荷花盆栽观赏，还有就是荷花插花欣赏。 荷花水景观赏主要是指像是专门的荷花园，或者是园林配景中的荷花水景，这些水景主要是在露天的场所当中，根据环境的需要以及设计者的独特设计打造的观赏花景。不单单是赏荷，更加可以赏景。 荷花盆栽多是家庭养殖荷花采取的方式，一些园林中也运用过此法。将荷花养殖在小小的盆、缸或者碗中，搭配上水石材料，让整个盆栽显得格外的美丽、优雅，也是荷花观赏中的一大美事。 荷花插花主要是起源自佛教，但是随着时间的发展，荷花插花也发展成了一种独特的艺术，荷花、荷叶以及莲藕、莲蓬，都是可以在插花中运用的。色彩清丽，富有艺术感。
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Miss Chen
2017年11月28日
Miss Chen
[图片]夏堇为玄参科矮生性丛生植物，原产亚洲热带、非洲林地，分布于浙江、台湾、广东、广西、贵州等地。 夏堇茎细小呈四棱型，花型酷似金鱼草与紫罗兰，花生于上部叶腋或顶生总状花序。花色丰富而多变，喜高温、耐炎热。原产亚洲热带、非洲林地。由于夏季开花及唇形的花朵与董菜颇为相像而得名。夏堇又名蝴蝶草、花瓜草、花公草、蓝猪耳(整朵花蓝紫色的斑块颇大，极似猪头上的双耳，故称之蓝猪耳)、蓝月亮，是夏秋季高温地区重要的草花植物。 [图片]观赏 夏堇开花很美。夏堇的花朵小巧，玲珑可爱，并且花色众多，十分丰富。 夏堇经常被用作公共空间里的花坛美化用花，能够给单调的马路，平淡的绿化带增添一些不一样的颜色。夏堇的株型小巧，也适合在阳台、窗台养殖，给室内家居增添一番情趣，同时夏堇也可以用作吊篮花卉，是不是也是室内的别致一景呢。 夏堇是一种观花植物，因其花朵美丽，才具有如此高的观赏性。观花、观色、观形……所以说，夏堇具有观赏价值。 药用 夏堇也是有一定的药用价值的，夏堇可以全草水煎，也可以直接外敷。 夏堇的药用价值还是很大的，夏堇的治疗功能主要是清热解毒，利湿，止咳，和胃止呕，化瘀。夏堇可以和一些其他的草药混合水煎，用于治疗发痧呕吐，黄疸，血淋，风热咳嗽，腹泻，跌打损伤。还可以直接将鲜草捣烂外敷祛除蛇毒。 园林 夏堇花朵秀美，繁殖成一片也是幽逸柔美，在酷热的盛夏，能带给我们几许凉意。在炎热的夏天，有夏堇这么一位部位高温的鲜花美人，不仅仅是给单调的绿色增添了其它的色彩，也是给人们的心情带来了清凉舒爽的感觉。 在夏天，青翠的绿色充斥着我们的眼球，偶然间看见如此美丽的身影，一定会让人的精神为之一振。因此夏堇很适合栽种在花坛里，绵延一片，成为城市的独特一景。从这一点上看，夏堇就有很高的园林价值。
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Miss Chen
2017年11月28日
Miss Chen
[图片]紫背竹芋：竹芋科，花竹芋属，多年生草本植物。株高可达80厘米，直立。叶片长卵形或披针形。它枝叶生长茂密、株形丰满，厚革质，叶面深绿色有光泽，中脉浅色，叶背血红色，形成鲜明的对比。穗状花序，苞片及萼鲜红色，花瓣白色。背部呈紫红色。 紫背竹芋原产巴西。喜阴观叶植物。常用来布置卧室、客厅、办公室等场所，显得安静、庄重。 [图片]紫背竹芋的观赏价值 紫背竹芋是一种观叶植物，它的枝叶生长茂密，株形丰满，叶面深绿色有光泽，叶色丰富多彩，是一种观赏性极强的植物，主要用做室内观赏盆栽。 紫背竹芋的室内盆栽价值和切叶价值 由于紫背竹芋株型美观、叶面颜色五彩斑澜，又具有较强的耐阴性，栽培管理较简单，可以用于室内盆栽观赏，是世界上最著名的室内观叶植物之一。 紫背竹芋的大型品种可用于装饰宾馆、商场的厅堂等空间较大的地方，而小型的品种能点缀居室的阳台、客厅、卧室等。在栽培管理的过程中，每摆放一段时间，应将其放在阳台、窗台阳光较强的地方，增强光照，以利长期观赏。 由于紫背竹芋叶色斑澜，具有醒目的斑纹，十分漂亮，是高档的切叶材料，可直接作插花或用作插花的衬材。 紫背竹芋的食用价值 紫背竹芋根茎中含有淀粉，可以食用，它还具有清肺热、利尿等作用。 紫背竹芋的园林价值 紫背竹芋叶色丰富多彩，观赏性极强，且多为阴生植物，具有较强的耐阴性，适应性较强，具有一定的园林价值。 紫背竹芋可种植在庭院、公园的林荫下或路旁，在华南地区已有越来越多的种类被应用于园林绿化。种植方法可采用片植、丛植或与其他植物搭配布置。在北方地区，可在观赏温室内栽培用于园林造景观赏。
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